scholarly journals The Ethnopharmacological and Nutraceutical Relevance of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buenor Adinortey ◽  
Justice Kwabena Sarfo ◽  
Jeffery Kwarteng ◽  
Cynthia Ayefoumi Adinortey ◽  
William Ekloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey is a herb found mostly in tropical Africa. The plant, commonly found in West Africa, is used in the management of many diseases including cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological, endocrine, and metabolic diseases in Ghana, Nigeria, Benin, Serra Leone, and Senegal. This piece provides comprehensive and updated information on the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological and toxicological information available on Launaea taraxacifolia to support its medicinal uses and also unearth knowledge gaps for future studies. An electronic literature search using search engines, namely, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, was carried out to obtain information on the plant. Both common and scientific names of the plant were used as keywords for the search process. This paper captured information on Launaea taraxacifolia from 1985 to 2018. The search revealed that the leaves of the plant possess nutritional/pharmacological effects on diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, malaria, bacterial infections, and arthritis. The leaf has been shown to be a rich source of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, and β-carotene. Also, isolated phytoconstituents as well as the safety profile of the plant have been documented. This review on Launaea taraxacifolia has provided a one-stop documentation of information in support of the several purported ethnopharmacological uses of the plant. It also reveals information gaps such as the need to research into its pharmacokinetics, interactions with drugs of importance, and its development into a plant-based drug in order to expand its clinical use.

scholarly journals LANNEA SCHIMPERI: REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
The University

Lannea schimperi is a well-known fruit tree and medicinal plant in tropical Africa. The current study critically reviewed the botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of L. schimperi. Literature on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemical and biological activities of L. schimperi were collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Complementary information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports, and journal articles obtained from the University Library. This study revealed that the species is used as a source of fiber, edible fruits, and herbal medicine. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include cyclohexenones, cardanols, alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthracene glycosides, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, condensed tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, phenols, polyoses, polyuronoids, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, and volatile compounds. Pharmacological research revealed that extracts and phytochemical constituents isolated from L. schimperi have anesthetic, antibacterial, antifungal, anticoccidial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anti-trypanosoma, antiulcerogenic, cytotoxicity, and toxicity activities. L. schimperi should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the species.

A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Inula Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-567
Author(s):  
Aparoop Das ◽  
Anshul Shakya ◽  
Surajit Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Udaya P. Singh ◽  
Hans R. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Plants of the genus Inula are perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae. This genus includes more than 100 species, widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa and Asia including India. Many of them are indicated in traditional medicine, e.g., in Ayurveda. This review explores chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species. Methods: Major databases and research and review articles retrieved through Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline were consulted to obtain information on the pharmacological activities of the genus Inula published from 1994 to 2017. Results: Inula species are used either alone or as an important ingredient of various formulations to cure dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, central nervous system and digestive system, and for the treatment of asthma, diabetes, cancers, skin disorders, hepatic disease, fungal and bacterial infections. A range of phytochemicals including alkaloids, essential and volatile oils, flavonoids, terpenes, and lactones has been isolated from herbs of the genus Inula, which might possibly explain traditional uses of these plants. Conclusion: The present review is focused on chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species and provides valuable insight into its medicinal potential.

Mechanisms involved in developmental programming of hypertension and renal diseases. Gender differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia Lorena Tomat ◽  
Francisco Javier Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Renal Changes

AbstractA substantial body of epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that a poor fetal and neonatal environment may “program” susceptibility in the offspring to later development of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases.This review focuses on current knowledge from the available literature regarding the mechanisms linking an adverse developmental environment with an increased risk for cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases in adult life. Moreover, this review highlights important sex-dependent differences in the adaptation to developmental insults.Developmental programming of several diseases is secondary to changes in different mechanisms inducing important alterations in the normal development of several organs that lead to significant changes in birth weight. The different diseases occurring as a consequence of an adverse environment during development are secondary to morphological and functional cardiovascular and renal changes, to epigenetic changes and to an activation of several hormonal and regulatory systems, such as angiotensin II, sympathetic activity, nitric oxide, COX2-derived metabolites, oxidative stress and inflammation. The important sex-dependent differences in the developmental programming of diseases seem to be partly secondary to the effects of sex hormones. Recent studies have shown that the progression of these diseases is accelerated during aging in both sexes.The cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases during adult life that occur as a consequence of several insults during fetal and postnatal periods are secondary to multiple structural and functional changes. Future studies are needed in order to prevent the origin and reduce the incidence and consequences of developmental programmed diseases.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MALNUTRITION ON THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Taylor ◽  
Carlos Tejada ◽  
Margarita Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Croton Oil ◽  
Short Period

In the present experiments, Selye's granuloma pouch technique was applied to the study of the effect of host nutritional state on inflammation and the local tissue response. The normal response of well-nourished laboratory rats fed a diet containing 28% protein to the injection of 1% croton oil into a preformed subcutaneous air sac involved the accumulation of hemorrhagic exudate in the pouch lumen and the progressive thickening of the pouch wall, with the proliferation and maturation of fibroblasts and the eventual laying-down of collagen. In malnourished animals, fed a diet containing only 3–4% protein but adequate in all other nutrients, the above reactions were inhibited. This inhibitory effect was encountered after a relatively short period of deficiency and became more marked as the deficiency progressed. No consistent, clear-cut difference was seen in the leukocytic or neutrophilic response between the two dietary groups after the injection of 1% croton oil. A significantly higher proportion of accidental bacterial infections was found in the pouches of malnourished animals than in those of well-nourished animals. This was considered to be a possible consequence of the depressed inflammatory response in malnourished rats. The advantages of the granuloma pouch as an experimental procedure for the study of local reactions to different noxae, and the influence of malnutrition on these reactions have been discussed and suggestions for future studies presented.

scholarly journals A robust LC–MS/MS method for amikacin: application to cellular uptake and pharmacokinetic studies

Bioanalysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Chan ◽  
Weiqun Wang ◽  
Kimberly R Ledesma ◽  
Taijun Yin ◽  
Vincent H Tam
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Drug Accumulation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Robust Method ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mobile Phases

Background: Aminoglycosides are last-resort antibiotics for bacterial infections due to concerns of nephrotoxicity. A robust method is needed to correlate the magnitude of drug accumulation in the kidneys and the onset of nephrotoxicity. Materials & methods: A LC–MS/MS assay was developed, circumventing common limitations associated with conventional assays. To demonstrate its applicability, renal cellular uptake and rat pharmacokinetic studies were performed with amikacin. Results: To improve elution, the mobile phases were optimized with 60 mM ammonium hydroxide (pH = 11.2). An extended quantifiable range was achieved with different ionization modes. Kidney cells incubated with escalating amikacin concentrations showed increased uptake. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of amikacin were reasonably characterized. Conclusion: This assay will facilitate future studies on improving amikacin-associated nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DRIMIA ELATA

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Journal Articles ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme ◽  
The University

Drimia elata is an important and well-known medicinal plant in tropical Africa. This study critically reviewed the medicinal applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of D. elata. Literature on medicinal applications, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities of D. elata was collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Complementary information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports, and journal articles obtained from the university library. This study showed that D. elata is used for treating several medical conditions, particularly general ailments, blood and cardiovascular system, reproductive system and sexual health, urinary system, infections and infestations, digestive system, respiratory system, and muscular-skeletal system disorders. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include bufadienolides, alkaloids, aromatic acids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Ethnopharmacological research revealed that D. elata extracts have acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobaceterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemagglutinating, and cytotoxicity activities. D. elata should be subjected to extensive in vivo experiments and also future studies should focus on how potential toxic components of the species can be managed when it is used as herbal medicine.

Data Base of Studies on Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
Lyn LaGasse ◽  
Susan Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Child Outcome ◽  
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prenatal Cocaine ◽  
Final Data ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Methodological Problems

A computerized data base of characteristics and findings of the literature on prenatal exposure and child outcome was developed. The data base can be used to summarize and describe the literature resulting in a more objective understanding of the findings as well as to determine methodological problems that can shape the direction of future studies. Based on a literature search 99 studies were identified, 76 of which met methodological criteria and were included in the final data base. The data base shows that our knowledge base is limited, scattered, and compromised by methodological problems that mitigate any conclusions about whether or not or how prenatal cocaine exposure affects child outcome. Only a few studies have followed children beyond age 3. In addition, the cocaine problem is more complicated than first envisioned. It is a multifactorial problem including the use of other drugs and parenting and environmental lifestyle issues.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and phytochemical studies on Acacia modesta Wall; A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Wajid Sarwar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The use of plants with therapeutic properties is as ancient as human civilization. Acacia modesta belongs to family Fabaceae and is a deciduous tree which has medium or small size. Traditionally, it has been used to treat leprosy, wounds, dysentery, venereal diseases, cough, body weakness, bacterial infections and backache. Many pharmacological activities have been reported viz. antibacterial, antifungal, anti-hyperglycemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-termite, antioxidant, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, haemagglutination, insecticidal, phytotoxic and spasmolytic. While various flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, non-protein amino acids, fixed oils and cyclitols have been isolated from this plant. This review is an attempt to provide adequate information on ethno-medicinal uses, general morphology, pharmacological and phytochemical properties of the plant.

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