The Close Association of Endocrinology with Genetics in Clinical Medicine

1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Julius Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Human Genetics ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Clinical Endocrinology ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
History Of

SummaryEndocrinology more than any other medical specialty requires consideration and cooperation of genetics. History of the rapid progress of clinical endocrinology in the last 50 years shows that human genetics has been lagging far behind endocrinology in clinical medicine. The psychologic reason seems to be the mechanistic trend of modern medicine and reluctance to use abstract logical thinking applied to material facts.

scholarly journals Medical thermography: capabilities and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Morozov ◽  
E M Mokhov ◽  
V A Kadykov ◽  
A V Panova
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Physical Principles

Medical thermography is a modern diagnostic method that is currently gaining popularity due to high informative value and non-invasiveness. The aim of the study was to review the capabilities and prospects of medical thermography in modern medicine. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the application of medical thermography methods for the period of 2012-2017 was performed. The article presents the capabilities of imaging in various fields of medicine, evaluates the prospects of further development of the method, advances and disadvantages of thermography were identified. It also provides the review of the application of medical infrared thermography in clinical medicine. The experience of thermography application in various medical fields was investigated: angiology, otolaryngology, surgery, neurology, obstetrics and gyenecology, etc. Apart from medical aspects of this topic, the article discusses the history of medical thermography as well as provides the physical principles of this method. At present, thermal imaging can solve a wide range of problems: determining the presence of changes in the human body, and, as a result, the probability of pathology development, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. Every year more and more studies are carried out, confirming the high efficiency, reliability and safety of thermography, thermographic screenings are suggested, that can be assumed as prediction of future method's popularity.

scholarly journals Chinese Whispers: A brief history of eponymous orthopaedic examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Emily L Humphries ◽  
Felix Allen ◽  
Simon Grange ◽  
Andrew Goldberg ◽  
Peter Smitham
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Over Time

Eponymous orthopaedic examinations frequently appear in modern clinical examinations, yet their original description and cause for change are often omitted from medical education today. This is important to appreciate in order to understand their diagnostic relevance in modern medicine and subsequent interpretation of results by fellow clinicians. This article reviews the original description of these tests by their namesakes, how they have evolved over time and their relevance in orthopaedics today. An online literature review (PubMed) was conducted of the original descriptions and other published literature detailing their history, evolution, sensitivity and specificity. While elements of these tests have been lost naturally over time to the ‘Chinese Whispers’ effect, most have evolved positively secondary to a deepening anatomical and pathological understanding of their target conditions. They retain some usefulness in clinical medicine, however it is recognized that their diagnostic value is invariably supplanted by improvements in diagnostic imaging.

Advancing in tandem: clinical endocrinology and clinical chemistry.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Hershman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Endocrinology ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Chemical Messengers

Abstract Here I review some of the recent accomplishments in clinical endocrinology and clinical chemistry, point out the direction of future work, and try to predict some of the advances of the next decade. Endocrinology, perhaps more than any other branch of clinical medicine, is rooted in biochemistry and physiology. Endocrinologists have been leaders in the development of methods, which have been adapted by clinical chemists for wider applications than those conceived originally. For the sake of brevity, I shall not recount the early history of endocrinology in this century--or the enormous progress since Starling coined the term "hormone" and stated the physiological role of these chemical messengers in 1905. Progress in endocrinology in recent years has been astounding.

Osler Centenary Papers: Osler as medical leader

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1130) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald RJ Singer
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Canadian Physician ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
History Of

The Canadian physician Sir William Osler is a key figure in the history of modern medicine. He encouraged lifelong learning for doctors, starting with bedside teaching. Contemporary with Old World figures such as Pasteur in Paris and Virchow in Berlin, he played a major role in raising awareness among clinicians of the importance of the scientific basis for the practice of medicine. He championed a rational approach to treatment and did much to encourage avoidance of ‘unnecessary drugging’ by prescribers. He is credited with playing a key role in improving education of medical students and postgraduate education of doctors, with important benefits for the care of hospital patients. He also had a major influence on his medical colleagues through founding and leading medical societies. A century on from his death in December 1919, his specific contributions and how he achieved them are not well known. The aim of this article is to consider the evidence that Osler was an influential medical leader and to reflect on the extent to which the achievements which resulted from his leadership are relevant to modern clinical medicine. Questions of interest include his leadership style, what made for his success as a leader, his medical achievements both in North America and in England, his own insight into leadership and how he was viewed by his peers.

The ‘Sonderweg’ of German Eugenics: Nationalism and Scientific Internationalism

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Weindling
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Family Reconstruction ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
History Of

The history of eugenics has become a classic arena for examining how the interplay of culture, social interests and social structures affects the advancement of science. At the same time eugenics demonstrates how in the first half of the twentieth century, the expectation arose that science could offer the solution of social problems; for biology intruded into many areas of social policy during the 1920s and 30s. Historians of science have been struck by the coincidence between the rise of genetics and eugenics after 1900. Genetics underpinned techniques of family reconstruction, which were deployed for the screening of population groups. Areas of social policy such as the prediction of potential criminals and other types of social deviancy relied on eugenic rationales. This poses intriguing problems concerning the extent to which genetic research was motivated by eugenic ideals, particularly in the field of human genetics. At the same time, it is important to recognize that eugenics was a heterogenous agglomeration of sciences: in addition to genetics, a prominent place was taken by anthropology, clinical medicine, statistics, and psychology. These diverse constituents were welded together by cultural and social movements peculiar to respective national contexts.

Northeast India as an Indigenous Centre for the Domestication of Plants and Animals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjil Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Rice Agriculture ◽  
Animal Domestication ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Cultures

Northeast India is situated at the nexus of the South Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian biogeographical realms and harbours diverse biota, providing a unique opportunity to archaeologists and anthropologists for the study of the relationship between humans and their environment over the ages. Moreover, this region, the abode of diverse ethnic groups with diverse cultures and customs, hints at a long history of continuous and close association between humans and nature, which is important in the understanding of plant and animal domestication. Genetic analysis of present-day domesticates with their wild counterparts provides valuable insights into their differentiation, time of domestication, and changes in their morphological traits through control by humans. The chapter also elucidates the role played by rice in Northeast Indian culture and highlights the long-term history of rice agriculture in the region.

scholarly journals Cadaver surgical training in Japan: its past, present, and ideal future perspectives

Surgery Today ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Shichinohe ◽  
Eiji Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Cadaver Dissection ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Promotion Committee ◽  
History Of ◽  
Operating Organization ◽  
Japan Surgical Society

AbstractThe framework for cadaver surgical training (CST) in Japan was established in 2012, based on the “Guidelines for Cadaver Dissection in Education and Research of Clinical Medicine” of the Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Subsequently, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare allocated funding from its budget for CST. By 2019, CST was being practiced in 33 medical schools and universities. Currently, the CST Promotion Committee of the JSS reviews each CST report submitted by medical schools and universities and provides guidance based on professional autonomy. This paper outlines the history of CST in Japan and presents a plan for its future. To sustain and oversee CST implementation, an operating organization, funded by stakeholders, such as government agencies, academic societies, and private companies, is needed.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: A MEDICAL INHERITANCE.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Pradip Adhikari ◽  
Satya Bhusan Paul
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

 Objective: Indian Traditional Medicine, the foundation of age-old practice of medicine in the world, has played an essential role in human health care service and welfare from its inception. Likewise, all traditional medicines are of its own regional effects and dominant in the West Asian nations; India, Pakistan, Tibet, and so forth, East Asian nations; China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and so forth, Africa, South and Central America. This article is an attempt to illuminate Indian traditional medical service and its importance, based on recent methodical reviews.Methods: Web search engines for example; Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar were employed for reviews as well as for meta-analysis.Results: There is a long running debate between individuals, who utilize Indian Traditional Medicines for different ailments and disorders, and the individuals who depend on the present day; modern medicine for cure. The civil argument between modern medicine and traditional medicines comes down to a basic truth; each person, regardless of education or sickness, ought to be educated about the actualities concerning their illness and the associated side effects of medicines. Therapeutic knowledge of Indian traditional medicine has propelled various traditional approaches with similar or different theories and methodologies, which are of regional significance.Conclusion: To extend research exercises on Indian Traditional Medicine, in near future, and to explore the phytochemicals; the current review will help the investigators involved in traditional medicinal pursuit.

scholarly journals Milestones in the History of Pediatric Surgery During the Byzantine Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Anastasia Oikonomou-Koutsiari ◽  
Georgios Zografos ◽  
Epameinondas Koutsiaris ◽  
Evangelos Menenakos ◽  
Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
Surgical Disease ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
To Come

During the Byzantine Times, medicine and surgery developed as Greek physicians continued to practice in Constantinople. Healing methods were common for both adults and children, and pediatrics as a medical specialty did not exist. Already Byzantine hospitals became institutions to dispense medical services, rather than shelters for the homeless, which included doctors and nurses for those who suffered from the disease. A major improvement in the status of hospitals as medical centers took place in this period, and physicians were called archiatroi. Several sources prove that archiatroi were still functioning in the late sixth century and long afterward, but now as xenon doctors. Patients were averse to surgery due to the incidence of complications. The hagiographical literature repeated allusions to doctors. Concerns about children with a surgical disease often led parents to seek miraculous healings achieved by Christian Protectors – Saints. This paper is focused on three eminent Byzantine physicians and surgeons, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Paul of Aegina, who dealt with pediatric operations and influenced the European Medicine for centuries to come. We studied historical and theological sources in order to present a comprehensive picture of the curative techniques used for pediatric surgical diseases during the Byzantine Times.

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