scholarly journals Chinese Whispers: A brief history of eponymous orthopaedic examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Emily L Humphries ◽  
Felix Allen ◽  
Simon Grange ◽  
Andrew Goldberg ◽  
Peter Smitham
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Over Time

Eponymous orthopaedic examinations frequently appear in modern clinical examinations, yet their original description and cause for change are often omitted from medical education today. This is important to appreciate in order to understand their diagnostic relevance in modern medicine and subsequent interpretation of results by fellow clinicians. This article reviews the original description of these tests by their namesakes, how they have evolved over time and their relevance in orthopaedics today. An online literature review (PubMed) was conducted of the original descriptions and other published literature detailing their history, evolution, sensitivity and specificity. While elements of these tests have been lost naturally over time to the ‘Chinese Whispers’ effect, most have evolved positively secondary to a deepening anatomical and pathological understanding of their target conditions. They retain some usefulness in clinical medicine, however it is recognized that their diagnostic value is invariably supplanted by improvements in diagnostic imaging.

scholarly journals Medical thermography: capabilities and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Morozov ◽  
E M Mokhov ◽  
V A Kadykov ◽  
A V Panova
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Physical Principles

Medical thermography is a modern diagnostic method that is currently gaining popularity due to high informative value and non-invasiveness. The aim of the study was to review the capabilities and prospects of medical thermography in modern medicine. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the application of medical thermography methods for the period of 2012-2017 was performed. The article presents the capabilities of imaging in various fields of medicine, evaluates the prospects of further development of the method, advances and disadvantages of thermography were identified. It also provides the review of the application of medical infrared thermography in clinical medicine. The experience of thermography application in various medical fields was investigated: angiology, otolaryngology, surgery, neurology, obstetrics and gyenecology, etc. Apart from medical aspects of this topic, the article discusses the history of medical thermography as well as provides the physical principles of this method. At present, thermal imaging can solve a wide range of problems: determining the presence of changes in the human body, and, as a result, the probability of pathology development, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. Every year more and more studies are carried out, confirming the high efficiency, reliability and safety of thermography, thermographic screenings are suggested, that can be assumed as prediction of future method's popularity.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Roseman 6-Point Mastery Learning Model to the College of Medicine Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 238212051880311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Lazerson ◽  
Judith Rosenthal ◽  
Carolyn Glaubensklee ◽  
Thomas Hunt ◽  
Bruce Morgenstern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Outcome Based Education ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Over Time

Medical education has evolved over time toward a model which integrates clinical medicine with the basic sciences. More recently, medical education has put an emphasis on outcome-based education. Other areas of health care education have had a similar emphasis which can provide models to inform a new model for medical education. The Roseman University of Health Sciences has developed and implemented a model based on underlying tenets of mastery learning since 1999. The model has been implemented in pharmacy, nursing, and dental education. It was conceived as an integration of 6 key points which reinforce each other and interrelate to support learning. The model has been modified for application to medical education in support of medical education’s outcome-based emphasis and to address the educational demands of the changing environment of the practice of medicine.

History of intranasal splints

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lau ◽  
H A Elhassan ◽  
N Singh
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Silicon Rubber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Haematoma Formation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjective:Intranasal splints have long been utilised as a post-operative adjunct in septoplasty, intended to reduce the risk of adhesions and haematoma formation, and to maintain alignment during healing.Methods:A Medline literature review of the history and evolution of intranasal splint materials and designs was performed. Advantages and disadvantages of various splints are discussed.Results:Intranasal splints fashioned from X-ray film were first reported in 1955. Since then, a variety of materials have been utilised, including polyethylene coffee cup lids, samarium cobalt magnets and dental utility wax. Most contemporary splints are produced from silicon rubber or polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Designs have varied in thickness, flexibility, shape, absorption and the inclusion of built-in airway tubes. Future directions in splint materials and designs are discussed.Conclusion:Intranasal splints have steadily evolved since 1955, with numerous novel innovations. Despite their simplicity, they play an important role in nasal surgery and will continue to evolve over time.

scholarly journals Post-Mortem Pedagogy: A Brief History of the Practice of Anatomical Dissection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor T. A. Brenna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Human Dissection

Anatomical dissection is almost ubiquitous in modern medical education, masking a complex history of its practice. Dissection with the express purpose of understanding human anatomy began more than two millennia ago with Herophilus, but was soon after disavowed in the third century BCE. Historical evidence suggests that this position was based on common beliefs that the body must remain whole after death in order to access the afterlife. Anatomical dissection did not resume for almost 1500 years, and in the interim anatomical knowledge was dominated by (often flawed) reports generated through the comparative dissection of animals. When a growing recognition of the utility of anatomical knowledge in clinical medicine ushered human dissection back into vogue, it recommenced in a limited setting almost exclusively allowing for dissection of the bodies of convicted criminals. Ultimately, the ethical problems that this fostered, as well as the increasing demand from medical education for greater volumes of human dissection, shaped new considerations of the body after death. Presently, body bequeathal programs are a popular way in which individuals offer their bodies to medical education after death, suggesting that the once widespread views of dissection as punishment have largely dissipated.

scholarly journals ‘The Days of Brilliancy are Past’: Skill, Styles and the Changing Rules of Surgical Performance, ca. 1820–1920

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schlich
Keyword(s):  
Modern Medicine ◽  
German Language ◽  
Surgical Skill ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines how, over the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the appreciation of skill in surgery shifted in characteristic ways. Skill is a problematic category in surgery. Its evaluation is embedded into wider cultural expectations and evaluations, which changed over time. The paper examines the discussions about surgical skill in a variety of contexts: the highly competitive environment of celebrity practitioners in the amphitheatres of early nineteenth-century Britain; the science-oriented, technocratic German-language university hospitals later in the century; and the elitist surgeons of late nineteenth and early twentieth-century United States with their concerns about distancing themselves from commercialism and cheap showmanship. For analysing the interaction of surgical practices with their various contexts the paper makes use of the concept of ‘performance’ and examines how the rules of surgical performance varied according to the prevailing technical, social, and moral conditions. Over the course of the century, surgical performance looked more and more recognisably modern, increasingly following the ideals of replicability, universality and standardisation. The changing ideals of surgical skill are a crucial element of the complex history of the emergence of modern surgery, but also an illuminating example of the history of skill in modern medicine.

Confronting the Cadaver

Janus Head ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Brent Dean Robbins ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cadaver Dissection ◽  
Mechanical Process ◽  
Death Denial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concrete Event

Through a cultural hermeneutic interpretation of the cadaver in the history of modern medicine, this study will argue that at least some medical interpretations of embodiment serve as a form of death denial. This analysis will draw on four major sources of evidence to support this contention: (a) the history of cadaver dissection in Western medicine, (b) diary entries by medical students taking a course in gross anatomy, (c) responses to a 2005 panel on cadaver dissection held at Daemen College, and (d) interviews with Guenther von Hagens, the creator of the “BodyWorlds” exhibit, which features plastinated corpses for the purpose of “edutainment.” In each of these cases, the data suggest that medical education works implicitly to manage death anxiety through a set of defenses which conceal the nothingness of death. Namely, by making death into a concrete event, preserved for example in the form of the cadaver or plastinated corpses, and by speaking rhetorically about death as a mechanical process, the medical model of death conceals the existential terror that comes with the lived experience of death as the termination of existence.

Osler Centenary Papers: Osler as medical leader

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1130) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald RJ Singer
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Canadian Physician ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
History Of

The Canadian physician Sir William Osler is a key figure in the history of modern medicine. He encouraged lifelong learning for doctors, starting with bedside teaching. Contemporary with Old World figures such as Pasteur in Paris and Virchow in Berlin, he played a major role in raising awareness among clinicians of the importance of the scientific basis for the practice of medicine. He championed a rational approach to treatment and did much to encourage avoidance of ‘unnecessary drugging’ by prescribers. He is credited with playing a key role in improving education of medical students and postgraduate education of doctors, with important benefits for the care of hospital patients. He also had a major influence on his medical colleagues through founding and leading medical societies. A century on from his death in December 1919, his specific contributions and how he achieved them are not well known. The aim of this article is to consider the evidence that Osler was an influential medical leader and to reflect on the extent to which the achievements which resulted from his leadership are relevant to modern clinical medicine. Questions of interest include his leadership style, what made for his success as a leader, his medical achievements both in North America and in England, his own insight into leadership and how he was viewed by his peers.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety for Use Desloratadine in Children with Allergic Conditions (Literature Review, Own Research)

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Yurii Marushko ◽  
Olha Khomych
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Scientific Review

According to scientists, more than 20 thousand allergens are known and their number is constantly increasing. Therefore, children’s allergy remains one of the urgent problems of modern medicine, since allergic diseases in adults in most cases begin from childhood. The article summarizes our own data and presents a scientific review of the medical literature, which is devoted to the analysis of the problem of treatment of allergic diseases with desloratadine in children. Nowdays there is a significant prevalence of allergic conditions in children. We analyzed the effect of desloratadine on the course of allergic diseases in children. The analyzed literature review showed a high safety profile of the drug desloratadine. Also we presented the personal data of desloratadine therapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis in children. The literature data presented in the article and our own experience allow us to conclude that allergic conditions remain an urgent problem in clinical medicine, and the use of antihistamines, in particular desloratadine, increases the effectiveness of allergy therapy and accelerates the recovery and disappearance of symptoms.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nina Macaraig
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Do monuments have lives that justify writing their biographies? And if they do, are their lives punctuated by events and structured by relationships, similar to human lives? Do they have an identity of their own, and does this identity change over time? In addition to introducing the Çemberlitaş Hamamı briefly and providing a literature review of the topic of hamams, the introduction takes up these questions and examines the notions of individuality and biography within the Islamic and Ottoman context. Furthermore, it justifies applying the format of a biographical narrative to the history of the hamam.

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