Stories, Lives, and Basic Survival: A Refinement and Defense of the Narrative View

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 155-178
Author(s):  
Marya Schechtman

Everyone loves a good story. But does everyone live a good story? It has frequently been asserted by philosophers, psychologists and others interested in understanding the distinctive nature of human existence that our lives do, or should, take a narrative form. Over the last few decades there has been a steady and growing focus on this narrative approach within philosophical discussions of personal identity, resulting in a wide range of narrative identity theories. While the narrative approach has shown great promise as a tool for addressing longstanding and intractable problems of personal identity, it has also given rise to much suspicion. Opponents of this approach charge it with overstating or distorting the structure of actual lives.

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marya Schechtman

Everyone loves a good story. But does everyone live a good story? It has frequently been asserted by philosophers, psychologists and others interested in understanding the distinctive nature of human existence that our lives do, or should, take a narrative form. Over the last few decades there has been a steady and growing focus on this narrative approach within philosophical discussions of personal identity, resulting in a wide range of narrative identity theories. While the narrative approach has shown great promise as a tool for addressing longstanding and intractable problems of personal identity, it has also given rise to much suspicion. Opponents of this approach charge it with overstating or distorting the structure of actual lives.


Author(s):  
Иван Иванович Назаренко

Введение. Делается предположение, что повесть В. Набокова «Соглядатай» (1930) вырастает из его драмы «Смерть» (1923), которая остается на периферии набоковедческого интереса. Основания для сопоставления произведений обнаруживаются прежде всего на сюжетном уровне: попытка самоубийства героя и переживание мнимой смерти. Цель – сопоставить сюжетные ситуации мнимой смерти в драме «Смерть» и повести «Соглядатай», чтобы выявить изменение отношения автора к мистификации человеком собственной жизни, более того, к возможности метафизической (послесмертной) реальности. Материал и методы. Исследуются ранняя драма В. Набокова «Смерть», близкая символистской драме, и повесть «Соглядатай», отражающая творческое созревание писателя. Исследование опирается на сравнительно-исторический метод, а также на положения Э. Эриксона (личностная идентичность) и В. И. Тюпы (нарративная идентичность). Результаты и обсуждение. Открывается разная интерпретация автором близкой сюжетной ситуации: намеченная в «Смерти», в «Соглядатае» ситуация мнимой смерти сюжетно развернута, внимание автора сосредоточено на том, как поведет себя современный человек в ситуации свободы от прежних условий существования. В «Смерти» герой в попытке суицида оказывается объектом манипуляций другого, а в «Соглядатае» герой вершит самосуд и сам мистифицирует дальнейшие события. Обоим героям мнимая смерть приносит мнимую свободу, но для человека романтического мироощущения это возможность освобождения от кризиса и обретения идентичности («Смерть»), а для нецельного человека начала ХХ в. – освобождение от этических границ в отстраненном наблюдении за собой как другим, персонажем наррации, и в историях-мистификациях персонажа о себе, в чем проявляется стремление сменить идентичность («Соглядатай»). Но, по Набокову, пересочинение себя, игра с судьбой обречены на поражение. Финал обоих произведений – осознание героями мнимости их смерти и их свободы, но для героя драмы – это духовная смерть, а герой повести отказывается от самоидентичности и принимает положение «соглядатая» – самонаблюдение при отказе от нравственной ответственности. Заключение. Делается вывод о набоковской концепции человеческого существования, которое связывается прежде всего со зрительным восприятием, способностью видеть. Набоков отказывает человеку в возможности постичь сущность посмертного существования, воображенное видение послесмертия разрушается видением реальности. Introduction. It is suggested that V. Nabokov’s story “The Spy” (1930) largely grows out of his drama “Death” (1923), which remains on the periphery of the interest of the researchers of Nabokov’s fiction. The grounds for comparing the works are found, first of all, at the plot level: the hero’s attempt at suicide and the experience of imaginary death. The aim is to compare the plot situations of imaginary death in the drama “Death” and the story “The Spy” in order to reveal the change in the author’s attitude to the mystification of his own life by a person, moreover, to the possibility of metaphysical (post-death) reality. Material and methods. The article examines the early V. Nabokov’s drama “Death”, which is close to the symbolist drama, and the story “The Spy”, which reflects the creative maturation of the writer. The research is based on the comparative historical method, as well as on the provisions of E. Erickson (personal identity) and V. I. Tyupa (narrative identity). Results and discussion. The author reveals a different interpretation of a similar plot situation: the situation of imaginary death outlined in “Death”, in “The Spy” is plotted, the author’s attention is focused on how a modern person will behave in a situation of freedom from previous conditions of existence. In Death, the hero in an attempt at suicide turns out to be an object of manipulation by another, and in The Spy, the hero performs lynching and himself mystifies further events. For both heroes, imaginary death brings imaginary freedom: but for a person with a romantic outlook it is an opportunity to free themselves from the crisis and acquire an identity (“Death”), and for an intact person of modern civilization – liberation from ethical boundaries in the ability to change identities in observing himself as another narration, and in the stories-hoaxes of the character about himself (“The Spy”). But according to Nabokov, rewriting oneself, playing with fate are doomed to failure. The finale of both works is the heroes’ awareness of their imaginary death and their freedom, but for the hero of the drama this is spiritual death, and the hero of the story renounces self-identity and assumes the position of a “spy” – self-observation while refusing moral responsibility. Conclusion. The conclusion is made about Nabokov’s concept of human existence, which is associated, first of all, with visual perception, the ability to see. Nabokov denies a person the opportunity to comprehend the essence of posthumous existence, the modality of vision is negative: imagination-composition is destroyed by the vision of reality.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5110
Author(s):  
Sartaj Ahmad Allayie ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed Parray* ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
S. Hemalatha

The use of traditional medicines holds a great promise as an easily available source as effective medicinal agents to cure a wide range of ailments among the people particularly in tropical developing countries like India. The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of N. crenulata leaf extracts. The extractive values of aqueous, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be 11.34, 4.24 and 6.06 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these three solvent extracts confirm the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds in all the three extracts; however, these phytochemicals were more significant in aqueous extract. Quantitative analysis was carried out using TLC method by different solvent system. Amongst various solvent systems, Butanol: acetic acid: water (9: 0.9: 0.1 v/v/v) shows maximum resolution and number of spots produced at long UV (365 nm) and under iodine vapours. The TLC chromatograms constituted different coloured phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. It can be conveniently used to evaluate the quality of different area samples. This indicates that the leaves can be useful for treating different diseases because the therapeutic activity of a plant is due to the presence of particular class of compounds and thus can serve as potential sources of useful drugs in future.


Author(s):  
Christian Sternad

AbstractAging is an integral part of human existence. The problem of aging addresses the most fundamental coordinates of our lives but also the ones of the phenomenological method: time, embodiment, subjectivity and intersubjectivity, and even the social norms that grow into the very notion of aging as such. In my article, I delineate a phenomenological analysis of aging and show how such an analysis connects with the debate concerning personal identity: I claim that aging is not merely a physical process, but is far more significantly also a spiritual one as the process of aging consists in our awareness of and conscious relation to our aging. This spiritual process takes place on an individual and on a social level, whereas the latter is the more primordial layer of this experience. This complicates the question of personal identity since it will raise the question in two ways, namely who I am for myself and who I am for the others, and in a further step how the latter experience shapes the former. However, we can state that aging is neither only physical nor only spiritual. It concerns my bodily processes as it concerns the complex reflexive structure that relates my former self with my present and even future self.


2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqing Zhao ◽  
Yi Fu ◽  
Shumei Liu

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles have been successfully incorporated into thermoplastic and thermoset polymers via copolymerization, grafting, blending, surface bonding, or other transformations. A great promise in the development of a wide range of POSS-containing nanocomposites with diversely improved properties has been displayed. Thermal properties, viscoelastic properties, mechanical strengths, dielectric constants, surface hydrophobicity and flame-retardancy of the nanocomposites are easily varied to target properties by adjusting POSS structure, crosslink density, processing condition, etc. Investigations on the effects of POSS molecular geometry, composition, and concentration on physical and mechanical properties of resultant POSS-modified thermoplastic and thermosetting nanocomposites have been carefully reviewed in this article.


Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (22) ◽  
pp. 2535-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Grey ◽  
R. Chauhan ◽  
M. Piganeau ◽  
H. Huerga Encabo ◽  
M. Garcia-Albornoz ◽  
...  

Abstract Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a rapidly advancing field showing great promise for clinical applications. Recent evidence has implicated the nervous system and glial family ligands (GFLs) as potential drivers of hematopoietic survival and self-renewal in the bone marrow niche; how to apply this process to HSC maintenance and expansion has yet to be explored. We show a role for the GFL receptor, RET, at the cell surface of HSCs in mediating sustained cellular growth, resistance to stress, and improved cell survival throughout in vitro expansion. HSCs treated with the key RET ligand/coreceptor complex, glial-derived neurotrophic factor and its coreceptor, exhibit improved progenitor function at primary transplantation and improved long-term HSC function at secondary transplantation. Finally, we show that RET drives a multifaceted intracellular signaling pathway, including key signaling intermediates protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, NF-κB, and p53, responsible for a wide range of cellular and genetic responses that improve cell growth and survival under culture conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 130-146
Author(s):  
Mikhail Bashkirov ◽  

The figure of “shaman warrior” Aleksandr Gabyshev from Yakutsk became the object of attention in social media in 2019–2020. The interest toward Gabyshev was sparked both by the goal he declared (“to drive President Vladimir Putin out of the Kremlin”) and by his peculiar personality. This article is drawn on a wide range of materials gathered in the course of research work on a visual documentary about Gabyshev. The worldview of the “shaman warrior” was a paradoxical tangle of the native Yakut culture and the Russian Orthodox culture. In many ways Gabyshev adhered to the line of behavior typical of “blessed fools” in the Russian Orthodox tradition. Indeed, his behavior and personality image could be seen as grounded in a sequence of contradictions that seemed meaningless and illogical in the context of the shamanic tradition. Yet aspects both of neoshamanism and of “blessed foolishness” were important assets that let him creatively develop his personal identity.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Das ◽  
Taraprasanna Dash ◽  
Devika Jena ◽  
Eleena Mohapatra ◽  
C K Maiti

Abstract In this work, we present a physics-based analysis of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet carrier density and other microwave characteristics such as transconductance and cutoff frequency of AlxGa1-xN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). An accurate polarization-dependent charge control-based analysis is performed for microwave performance assessment in terms of current, transconductance, gate capacitances, and cutoff frequency of lattice-mismatched AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The influence of stress on spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization is included in the simulation of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT. We have shown the change in threshold voltage (Vt) due to tensile and compressive strain with different gate lengths. Also, the influence of stress due to the change in nitride thickness is presented. Our simulation results for drain current, transconductance, and current-gain cutoff frequency for various gate length devices are calibrated and verified with experimental data over a wide range of gate and drain applied voltages, which are expected to be useful for microwave circuit design. The predicted transconductance, drain conductance, and operation frequency are quite close to the experimental data. The AlGaN/GaN heterostructure HEMTs with nitride passivation layers show great promise as a candidate in future high speed and high power applications.


2020 ◽  
pp. 151-181
Author(s):  
Karen E. Shackleford ◽  
Cynthia Vinney

This chapter explores the way fictional stories impact personal identity. It discusses how identity develops with a particular focus on adolescence. Then, it sheds light on how fiction contributes to identity construction as teens gain insight into things like careers, relationships, values, and beliefs through stories and how these insights can impact their choices for their futures. The chapter also looks at the way people’s emotional investments in their favorite stories can cause them to become extensions of themselves and how this may lead them to use these stories as symbols of who they are. Finally, it explores the topic of narrative identity—the internalized, constantly evolving life story each person tells of himself or herself—and how fiction influences and becomes incorporated into people’s life stories.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekh Md Mahmudul Islam ◽  
Olga Borić-Lubecke ◽  
Yao Zheng ◽  
Victor M. Lubecke

Non-contact vital signs monitoring using microwave Doppler radar has shown great promise in healthcare applications. Recently, this unobtrusive form of physiological sensing has also been gaining attention for its potential for continuous identity authentication, which can reduce the vulnerability of traditional one-pass validation authentication systems. Physiological Doppler radar is an attractive approach for continuous identity authentication as it requires neither contact nor line-of-sight and does not give rise to privacy concerns associated with video imaging. This paper presents a review of recent advances in radar-based identity authentication systems. It includes an evaluation of the applicability of different research efforts in authentication using respiratory patterns and heart-based dynamics. It also identifies aspects of future research required to address remaining challenges in applying unobtrusive respiration-based or heart-based identity authentication to practical systems. With the advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence, radar-based continuous authentication can grow to serve a wide range of valuable functions in society.


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