A Return to the Self: Indians and Greeks on Life as Art and Philosophical Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Moral Person ◽  
The World ◽  
Objective View ◽  
The Many ◽  
Universal Nature

Of the many interrelated themes in Pierre Hadot's Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, two strike me as having a particular centrality. First, there is the theme of attention to the present instant. Hadot describes this as the ‘key to spiritual exercises’ (p.84), and he finds the idea encapsulated in a quotation from Goethe's Second Faust: ‘Only the present is our happiness’ (p.217). The second theme is that of viewing the world from above: ‘philosophy signified the attempt to raise up mankind from individuality and particularity to universality and objectivity’ (p.242). Insofar as both attention to the present and raising oneself to an objective view imply the mastery of individual anxiety, passion and desire, they belong to a single conception, that conception being one of a ‘return to the self’: Thus, all spiritual exercises are, fundamentally, a return to the self, in which the self is liberated from the state of alienation into which it has been plunged by worries, passions, and desires. The ‘self’ liberated in this way is no longer merely our egoistic, passionate individuality: it is our moral person, open to universality and objectivity, and participating in universal nature or thought (p.103).

When the Absence of Reasoning Breeds Meaning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey K. Morewedge ◽  
Daniella M. Kupor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
External Source ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Dream Interpretation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Intuitions, attitudes, images, mind-wandering, dreams, and religious messages are just a few of the many kinds of uncontrolled thoughts that intrude on consciousness spontaneously without a clear reason. Logic suggests that people might thus interpret spontaneous thoughts as meaningless and be uninfluenced by them. By contrast, our survey of this literature indicates that the lack of an obvious external source or motive leads people to attribute considerable meaning and importance to spontaneous thoughts. Spontaneous thoughts are perceived to provide meaningful insight into the self, others, and the world. As a result of these metacognitive appraisals, spontaneous thoughts substantially affect the beliefs, attitudes, decisions, and behavior of the thinker. We present illustrative examples of the metacognitive appraisals by which people attribute meaning to spontaneous secular and religious thoughts, and the influence of these thoughts on judgment and decision-making, attitude formation and change, dream interpretation, and prayer discernment.

Military cosmopolitanism and romantic indigeneity: Crafting claims to statehood in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss and Easterine Kire’s Bitter Wormwood

2020 ◽  
pp. 002198941989730
Author(s):  
Sushmita Sircar
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Many

The world wars definitively changed the relations with the state of the peoples of India’s northeastern frontier. The wars were both fought on their terrain (with the invasion of the Japanese army) and led to the recruitment of people from the region to serve in the British Army. The contemporary Anglophone Indian novel documents the lingering effects of this militarization in the many insurgencies that have fragmented the region in the postcolonial era. Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) depicts the Gorkhaland uprising of the 1980s in the Kalimpong district of West Bengal, which demanded a separate state, while Easterine Kire’s Bitter Wormwood (2011) describes the Naga peoples’ traditional way of life against the backdrop of attempts to declare independence from the Indian state. In this article I argue that these novels capture how these secessionist movements use the experience of the world wars to craft a political identity based on military brotherhood to claim independence from the Indian state. These movements thus undertake a complex reworking of the valences of the figure of the “soldier”, central to so many accounts of national integrity. At the same time, reproducing the nationalist logic of the Indian state, these novels more readily recognize an “indigenous” identity based on a claim to the land as the political basis of nationhood. Hence, these novels about secessionist struggles reveal how certain narratives of nation formation become the only legitimate means for making claims for political rights and independent statehood over the course of the twentieth century.

Design in Deloney's Jack of Newbury

PMLA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Dorsinville
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
World View ◽  
The State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Literary Value ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Political Conception ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Jack of Newbury's surface realism in characters, setting, and speech has led to an underestimation of its historical and literary value. A close reading reveals the consistent use of the Greco-Roman ethical-political conception of the state, epitomized in the figure of the ruler. Deloney shows his familiarity with this tradition, probably known to him through Erasmus and Sidney, in the three controlling motifs of his novel. First, the middle class of weavers, represented in Jack's household and dramatized in allegories and symbols, is portrayed as a self-sufficient state where peace and harmony reign. Second, this state is shown to be such because of the nature of its ruler, Jack, a benevolent, generous, wise man. Third, the middle-class way of life—hard work, thriftiness, material gains—serves as princely education; accordingly, Jack, from a menial position, goes on to become ruler of the state. Jack of Newbury, as a systematical reordering of an aristocratic tradition, represents the world view of the emergent middle class; and as such, a momentous shift in the social temper of the Renaissance and an important step in the evolution of the novel.

scholarly journals Militancia femenina contra la dictadura de Pinochet: Legitimación memorística de La mujer metralleta

Periphērica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-263
Author(s):  
Ana Corbalán
Keyword(s):  
Political Activism ◽  
The State ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

This essay analyzes the representation of female activism in La mujer metralleta, a documentary by Chilean Francisco López Balló that reconstructs the biography of Marcela Rodríguez Valdivieso, a guerrilla who has succumbed to the oblivion in Chile. It is necessary to highlight her anti-dictatorial fight in order to recover her name and that of so many other militants. My study aims to eliminate the prevailing silence around the exiles who also contributed to the redemocratization processes in Chile and participated in the resistance against Pinochet. Despite their constant political activism, women have been excluded from official historiography. This essay claims a place in the world to one of the many activists who experienced the process of Chilean exile and whose biography contributes to a better understanding of female activism. This documentary offers a new approach to the past is constructed that questions the relations between the State and the revolutionary position of women, despite the fact that women have historically played a marginal role in war conflicts. My paper points out the relevance of this guerrilla, how this documentary contributes to reconstructing history and how exile affects the transmission of memories.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paris Peace Conference

This book has sought to deepen the dialogue between history and international relations theory in examining a pivotal moment in the history of international relations. The Paris Peace Conference constituted a historically specific effort to reimagine “the world.” More specifically, it sought to replace anarchy under realism with “sovereignty.” The conference could not live comfortably with the radical liberalism of Wilsonianism, but the international contract made at the time of the armistice with Germany meant that the conference could not live without it. The territorial state and its discontents lay at the heart of sovereignty at the conference. Two logics of the state fought each other to a standstill in Paris—that of the self-help of realism, forever seeking unattainable “security,” and that of the state that exists only in relation to other states, toward some common end.

Androgynous motives in the novel “Pobeg Kumaniki” (“Bramble Sprout”) by Lena Eltang

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
E. A. Poleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Central Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The novel “Pobeg Kumaniki” (“Bramble Sprout”) by Lena Eltang fits in with traditions of modernism, where the images of the androgyny are related to the problem of finding and obtaining “intelligible integrity.” The paper analyzes the methods of embodying androgynous motives (auto-associative intertextuality, temporal and gender variability of perception of re-ality, Moras’ representation of himself as a woman, the homosexual intention of the hero, the relationship of duality with different-sex characters, etc.). The novel reveals the androgyny semantics in the context of the split Self and the search for the fundamental basis that would unite the parts into a whole. Androgynous motives correlate with the themes of creativity and love. It is due to the desire to compensate for the brother’s dislike and parting with him that Moras creates the text. The absence of love is one of the novel’s central manifestations of the splinter motif (disintegration, separation) that is antonymous to androgyny. The storylines of the two characters (Forge and Moras) test different ways of achieving integrity. Two vectors of movement towards wholeness are revealed: one towards complexity, multidimensionality (combining the diversity of the world and the Self in consciousness and text) and one towards simplification (the disappearance of fragmentation in the state of the embryo, representing pure potency). However, all the methods only manifest the limitations of human capabilities. Androgyny is still an ideal not to be realized during earthly existence. Therefore, the Central character disappears in the finale.

The Legislation of Agrochemicals in Citrícola Production in the Municipality of Capitão Poço, Pará

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maria Eunice Lima Rocha ◽  
Mayra Taniely Ribeiro Abade ◽  
Fernanda Ludmyla Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Luane Laíse Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Letícia do Socorro Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Chain ◽  
The Law ◽  
Compliance With The Law ◽  
The Way

Brazil is one of the largest producers of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in the world. The State of Pará is responsible for 1.02% of the production of Orange in Brazil. Of this amount, the municipality of Capitão Poço is responsible for 57% of the total produced by the State. In view of this, it is evident that the model of current economic development imposes transformations in the way of life that entail serious problems of health to the worker, for example, the exposure of the workers to the pesticides in the field. With this, it is noticed that it is important to deal with the legislation of Agrochemicals because this is still little known by most citricultures in the municipality of Capitão Poço, leading them to non-compliance with the law. From this, the objective of the research was to observe the potentials and limitations regarding the distribution chain, acquisition and use of agrochemicals and knowledge of the laws in the citriculture Paraense. For the development of the work, questionnaires were applied (based on the Agrochemicals Law - Law No. 7,802 of July 11, 1989, and the Law of Packaging - Law No. 9.974 of June 6, 2000) in the community of Nova Colônia. It is concluded that the laws, besides not being known and consequently not fulfilled, make it difficult to supervise the specialized professionals, who, in turn, are few for the region. Another obstacle to compliance with legislation is to make the producer update certain concepts and teachings, which are no longer accepted.

scholarly journals Reforma Trabalhista: uma das muitas formas de expressão da nova razão de mundo

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Paula Freitas de Almeida ◽  
Reginaldo Euzébio Cruz ◽  
Renato Lima dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Labor Reform ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
The World ◽  
Modelo Económico

RESUMO:O objetivo desse texto é demonstrar que a reforma trabalhista ocorrida no Brasil por meio das leis 13.429 e 13.467, de 2017 promove a desregulação das relações de trabalho e coloca em seu lugar um conjunto normativo de tutela do processo de acúmulo de capital. Ao fazer isso, o país concretiza na sua dimensão juslaboral a “nova razão de mundo”, numa compreensão de que não se trata apenas de um novo modelo econômico ou de produção, mas sim de um novo modo de vida em sociedade. Buscar-se-á demonstrar a presença desse processo por meio da análise de três aspectos que dialogam na conformação entre dinâmica do mundo do trabalho e a regulação que sobre ela recaí, a saber i) qual o contorno institucional que vem se conformando em torno da uberização, ii) a assumpção da figura do trabalhador hipersuficiente para atacar a sua forma de organização coletiva e, por fim, iii) a introdução do critério econômico como meio de acesso à justiça do trabalho.ABSTRACT:The purpose of this article is to show that the labor reform that took place inBrazil through laws 13.429 and 13.467 in 2017 promoted the deregulation oflabor’s relations and substituted the previous regulation with a normative set toprotect the process of capital accumulation. In so doing, the country realizes in its juslaboral dimension the “new way of the world” through a mindset that it is not just a new economic or production model, but a new way of life in society. It seeks to demonstrate the presence of this process by analyzing three aspects that dialogue in the conformation between the dynamics of the world of work and the regulation that falls on it, namely: i) what is the institutional outline being formed through the “uberrization” process, ii) the assumption of the figure of the self-sufficient worker up against their collective organization and, finally, iii) the introduction of the economic criterion as a means of access to labor justice.

scholarly journals Mobilidade territorial e política no discurso de lideranças indígenas do/no estado do Acre (Amazônia, Brasil)

Terr Plural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Alessandra Severino da Silva Manchinery ◽  
Suzanna Dourado Silva ◽  
Adnilson de Almeida Silva
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
The State ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

It is proposed to discuss territorial mobility, the policies of indigenous leaders in the state of Acre, especially the Manchineri, their survival strategies in the world of non-indigenous people so that we can reflect on two changes that we testify in recent decades: mobility for the urban centers that include the indigenous people who were born in the city and those who arrived in the city, as well as its growing support in the country’s indigenous and non-indigenous political discussions in Brazil. The methodological path had as its own perspective of the leaders, for this will be reported their way of life and their involvement in the policies of different spheres of decision. The paper consists of three discussion sections that go from mobility to the political role played by leaders.

scholarly journals The Postcolonial Crescent

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Deonna Kelli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Identity politics has become the catch phrase of the postmodern age. Withconcepts such as "exile," "migrancy," and "hybridity" acquiring unprecedentedcultural significance in the late twentieth century, the postcolonial age givesway to new identities, fractured modes of living, and new conditions of humanity.Literature is a powerful tool to explore such issues in an era where a greatdeal of the world is displaced, and the idea of a homeland becomes a disrupted,remote possibility. The Postcolonial Crescent: Islam's Impact onContemporary Literature, is an attempt to discuss how Muslims negotiateidentity at a time of rapid and spiritually challenging transculturation. The bookuses fiction written by Muslims to critique the effects of colonialism, counteractmodernity, and question the status of Islamic identity in the contemporaryworld. It also can be considered as the primary introduction of contemporaryIslamic literature into the postcolonial genre. Muslim writers have yet to submit a unique and powerful commentary on postcolonial and cultural studies;this work at least softens that absence.The Postcolonial Crescent was conceived as a response to The SatanicVerses controversy. Therefore, it is “intimately involved in the interchangebetween religion and the state, and demonstrates that the roles Islam is playingin postcolonial nation-building is especially contested in the absence of broadlyacceptable models” (p. 4). Conflicting issues of identity are approached byinterrogating the authority to define a “correct” Islamic identity, the role ofindividual rights, and the “variegation of Islamic expression within specificcultural settings, suggesting through the national self-definitions the many concernsthat the Islamic world shares with global postcoloniality” (p. 7) ...

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