scholarly journals Impact on energy, sodium and dietary fibre intakes of vegetables prepared at home and away from home in the USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1937-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biing-Hwan Lin ◽  
Minh Wendt ◽  
Joanne F Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how increasing vegetable consumption from foods prepared at home (FAH) and foods prepared away from home (FAFH) would impact energy, dietary fibre and Na (sodium) intakes in the USA.DesignUsing data from the 2003–2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary intake data from two separate days were fitted with a first-difference (fixed-effects) model. Vegetables consumed from all sources, including mixed foods and juices, were disaggregated and expressed as amounts equivalent to one cup of whole vegetables.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsIndividuals aged 2 years and above reporting 2 d of dietary intake data in 2003–2004 (n 7647).ResultsHolding constant the total amount of food consumed, consuming an additional cup of tomatoes and potatoes from FAFH increases energy intake by respectively 1522 and 665 kJ, as compared with 246 and 367 kJ for FAH. Each additional cup of tomatoes from FAH is associated with an additional 179 mg of Na, compared with 113 mg for FAFH. All vegetable consumption increases fibre intake, except for potatoes and tomatoes from FAFH. Dark green and orange vegetables from FAH add the largest amount of fibre (1·38 g/cup).ConclusionsBecause US consumers frequently consume vegetables as part of mixed foods that add energy and Na, heavier consumption of vegetables as currently prepared raises the energy content and Na density of the overall diet. This is particularly true for vegetables prepared away from home.

scholarly journals Mothers’ Vegetable Consumption Behaviors and Preferences as Factors Limiting the Possibility of Increasing Vegetable Consumption in Children in a National Sample of Polish and Romanian Respondents

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Groele ◽  
Dominika Głąbska ◽  
Krystyna Gutkowska ◽  
Dominika Guzek
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
General Number ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
General Frequency ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
At Home

Increasing the insufficient intake of vegetables in children may be difficult, due to the influence of parents and at-home accessibility. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between self-reported vegetable consumption behaviors and preferences of mothers and the behaviors and preferences of their children, as declared by them. The nationally representative Polish (n = 1200) and Romanian (n = 1157) samples of mothers of children aged 3–10 were obtained using the random quota sampling method, and interviewed for their and their children’s general frequency of consumption and preferences of vegetables in years 2012–2014. A 24 h dietary recall of vegetable consumption was conducted for mothers and their children. Associations were observed for general number of servings consumed per day by mother–child pairs (p < 0.0001; R = 0.6522, R = 0.6573 for Polish and Romanian samples, respectively) and number of types indicated as preferred (p < 0.0001; R = 0.5418, R = 0.5433). The share of children consuming specific vegetables was 33.1–75.3% and 42.6–75.7% while their mothers also consumed, but 0.1–43.2% and 1.2–22.9% while their mothers did not. The share of children preferring specific vegetables was 16.7–74.1% and 15.2–100% when their mother shared the preference, but 1.3–46.9% and 0–38.3% when their mother did not. The mothers’ vegetable consumption behaviors and preferences may be a factor limiting the possibility of increasing vegetable consumption in their children.

scholarly journals The Effect of Stay-at-Home Orders on COVID-19 Infections in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Fowler ◽  
Seth J. Hill ◽  
Remy Levin ◽  
Nick Obradovich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
County Level ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
At Home

SummaryBackgroundIn March and April 2020, public health authorities in the United States acted to mitigate transmission of and hospitalizations from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These actions were not coordinated at the national level, which raises the question of what might have happened if they were. It also creates an opportunity to use spatial and temporal variation to measure their effect with greater accuracy.MethodsWe combine publicly available data sources on the timing of stay-at-home orders and daily confirmed COVID-19 cases at the county level in the United States (N = 124,027). We then derive from the classic SIR model a two-way fixed-effects model and apply it to the data with controls for unmeasured differences between counties and over time. This enables us to estimate the effect of stay-at-home orders while accounting for local variation in factors like health systems and demographics, and temporal variation in national mitigation actions, access to tests, or exposure to media reports that could influence the course of the disease.FindingsMean county-level daily growth in COVID-19 infections peaked at 17.2% just before stay-at-home orders were issued. Two way fixed-effects regression estimates suggest that orders were associated with a 3.9 percentage point (95% CI 1.2 to 6.6) reduction in the growth rate after one week and a 6.9 percentage point (2.4 to 11.5) reduction after two weeks. By day 27 the reduction (22.6 percentage points, 14.8 to 30.5) had surpassed the growth at the peak, indicating that growth had turned negative and the number of new daily infections was beginning to decline. A hypothetical national stay-at-home order issued on March 13, 2020 when a national emergency was declared might have reduced cumulative infections by 63.3%, and might have helped to reverse exponential growth in the disease by April 10.InterpretationAlthough stay-at-home orders impose great costs to society, delayed responses and piecemeal application of these orders generate similar costs without obtaining the full potential benefits suggested by this analysis. The results here suggest that a coordinated nationwide stay-at-home order might have reduced by hundreds of thousands the current number of infections and by tens of thousands the total number of deaths from COVID-19. Future efforts in the United States and elsewhere to control pandemics should coordinate stay-at-home orders at the national level, especially for diseases for which local spread has already occurred and testing availability is delayed. Since stay-at-home orders reduce infection growth rates, early implementation when infection counts are still low would be most beneficial.FundingNone.

scholarly journals The contribution of mixed dishes to vegetable intake among US children and adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2053-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Branum ◽  
Lauren M Rossen
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Fried Potatoes

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the contribution of mixed dishes to vegetable consumption and to estimate vegetable intake according to specific types of vegetables and other foods among US children and adolescents.DesignThe 2003–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative probability survey conducted in the USA.SettingCivilian non-institutionalized US population.SubjectsAll children and adolescents aged 2–18 years who met eligibility criteria (n 9169).ResultsApproximately 59 % of total vegetable intake came from whole forms of vegetables with 41 % coming from a mixed dish. White potatoes (10·7 (se 0·6) %), fried potatoes (10·2 (se 0·4) %), potato chips (8·6 (se 0·5) %) and other vegetables (9·2 (se 0·5) %) accounted for most vegetables in their whole forms, whereas pasta dishes (9·5 (se 0·4) %), chilli/soups/stews (7·0 (se 0·5) %), pizza/calzones (7·6 (se 0·3) %) and other foods (13·7 (se 0·6) %) accounted for most mixed dishes. Usual mean vegetable intake was 1·02 cup equivalents/d; however, after excluding vegetables from mixed dishes, mean intake fell to 0·54 cup equivalents/d and to 0·32 cup equivalents/d when fried potatoes were further excluded.ConclusionsMixed dishes account for nearly half of overall vegetable intake in US children and adolescents. It is critical for future research to examine various components of vegetable intake carefully in order to inform policy and programmatic efforts aimed at improving dietary intake among children and adolescents.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pasture Insurance on Farmland Values

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ifft ◽  
Shang Wu ◽  
Todd Kuethe
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Farmland Values ◽  
Publicly Supported ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of publicly supported insurance on agricultural land values. The analysis employs confidential, nationally representative panel data on field-level pastureland values and exploits a natural experiment provided by gradual introduction of the Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage Insurance Pilot Program. We use a field-level fixed-effects model that controls for several time-variant factors. We find that insurance availability is associated with an increase of at least 4 percent in pastureland values. This increase is comparable with increases generated by other government programs but is much smaller than total farmland value increases experienced in recent years.

scholarly journals The contribution of at-home and away-from-home food to dietary intake among 2–13-year-old Mexican children

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2559-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽  
Myriam C Afeiche ◽  
Alison L Eldridge ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveAway-from-home foods have been shown to have lower nutritional quality and larger portion sizes than many foods prepared at home. We aimed to describe energy and nutrient intakes among 2–13-year-old Mexican children by eating location (at home and away from home), overall, by socio-economic status (SES) and by urbanicity.DesignDietary intake was collected via one 24 h recall in the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Location was reported for each food consumed. Results were adjusted for sex, day of recall, region, weight status, SES and urbanicity.SettingMexico (nationally representative).SubjectsChildren aged 2–5 years (n1905) and 6–13 years (n2868).ResultsChildren consumed the majority of daily energy at home (89% of 2–5-year-olds; 82 % of 6–13-year-olds). The most common away-from-home eating location was school (22 % of 2–5-year-olds; 43 % of 6–13-year-olds), followed by the street (14 % of 2–5-year-olds; 13 % of 6–13-year-olds). The most common foods consumed away from home were wheat/rice and corn mixed dishes, sugar-sweetened beverages, pastries/candy/desserts, milk (2–5-year-olds only) and salty snacks (6–13-year-olds). Multivariate models showed that high-SES 2–5-year-olds consumed 14 % of daily energy away from homev. 8 % among low-SES 2–5-year-olds, and high-SES 6–13-year-olds consumed 21 % of daily energy away from homev. 14 % among low-SES 6–13 year-olds. There were no differences by urban residence.ConclusionsAmong Mexican children, most foods and beverages were consumed at home. However, the percentage of foods consumed or purchased away from home increased with age and with SES.

scholarly journals CAN THE PRICES OF THE WORLD CRUDE OIL AS A PROXY COST TRANSPORTATION IN TRADE IN ASEAN-3?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumadya Adi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

<p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of crude oil prices, GDPimporter, and GDPexporter on trade in three ASEAN includes: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.</p><p>Analysis tools are: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Fixed Effects Model (FEM). In addition to the three countries within ASEAN, researchers include two countries outside ASEAN, namely the USA and Japan. This type of data is the Panel Data with 60 observations.</p><p>The results of data analysis based on FEM is:</p><p>For Indonesia: GDPexporter, GDPimporter, and the price of crude oil influence significant and positive on trade. Variations are able to be explained by 85.39%.</p><p>For Malaysia: GDPexporter, GDPimporter, and the price of crude oil influence significant and positive on trade. Variations are able to be explained by 82.27%.</p><p>For Thailand: GDPexporter, GDPimporter, and the price of crude oil significant and positive on trade. Variations are able to be explained by 79.74%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: crude oil prices, GDPexporters, GDPimporters, intra trade</strong></p>

scholarly journals Changes in Dietary Intake in Inner-City Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Kidney Transplant (KTx) Patients After the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
Gabriel Estevez-Inoa ◽  
Lawrence Langan ◽  
Wen Ting Yang ◽  
Anna Lin ◽  
Monica Saw-Aung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives We examined the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on dietary intake in an inner-city population of CKD and KTx patients. Methods Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recall in a random sample of patients from CKD and Transplant clinics in 2019 (48) and in 2020 (30). Dietary assessments were conducted in person in 2019 and by phone in 2020. Diets were analyzed using ASA-24 software. Entries with less than 1,100 kcal were excluded from analysis. There was no difference in patterns between the two clinics so they were analyzed together. Statistical analysis was by t-test or Chi-square as appropriate. Results The 2019 cohort and the 2020 cohort were similar for age (55.9 ± 12.5 vs 60.0 ± 11.7, P = 0.148), gender (60.4% vs 43.3% male, P = 0.141), race (81.3% vs 69.2% Black, P = 0.241), and education (75% vs 80.8% with less than a college degree, P = 0.573). The 2020 patients consumed fewer total calories (1513.16 ± 350.82 vs 1731.02 ± 573.07 kcal, P = 0.041) compared to 2019 patients. For macronutrients, the 2020 cohort ate less protein (72.59 ± 24.40 vs 88.44 ± 37.17 g, P = 0.030), with no significant difference in total fat (62.11 ± 19.38 vs 72.59 ± 38.85 g, P = 0.118) and carbohydrate intake (163.08 ± 64.75 vs 185.02 ± 76.46 g, P = 0.179). In relation to protein intake, the 2020 cohort consumed less protein-rich foods such as meat, poultry, seafood, organ meat and cured meat compared to the 2019 cohort (6.74 ± 3.21 vs 8.83 ± 5.53 oz. eq., P = 0.038). Dark green vegetable consumption was also significantly less in the 2020 cohort (0.14 ± 0.29 vs 0.35 ± 0.60 cup eq., P = 0.031). Finally, the 2020 cohort consumed less water (1883.98 ± 1005.99 vs 2694.12 ± 1410.35 g, P = 0.004). Conclusions In our population: 1. CKD and Transplant patients consumed less protein and water during the Covid-19 pandemic than in the previous year. 2. Consumption of dark green vegetables and protein-rich foods decreased significantly during the pandemic. 4. The cause of these findings may be secondary to food insecurity and/or unhealthy behaviors emerging during the COVID19 pandemic and should be explored further as poor nutrition could contribute to worse outcomes in these populations. Funding Sources Unfunded

From Court to Classroom: Deportation Proceedings and Reading and Math Achievement for Elementary Students from 1998 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jacob Kirksey
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Records Access

With rising numbers of deportations over the last two decades, there has been a particular concern among educators and researchers that immigrant-origin students and their peers are experiencing educational consequences due to increased stress, anxiety, and fear of the unknown. This study examined the relationship between immigration enforcement and student achievement in counties across the U.S. This study used data from two nationally representative samples of kindergarteners, The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Classes of 1998-99 and 2010, and the number of deportations ordered from each immigration court provided by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. When combining the ten years of data, the overall analytic sample is n=114,990 child by year observations, with deportations varying in 79 counties from 1998-2016. Employing a cross-sectional, longitudinal design, a student, school, and year fixed effects model was employed to examine the association between deportations and achievement in elementary grades, exploiting variation of deportations between counties and across years. The results of the analyses indicated that increases in deportations coincided with declines in Latinx student achievement in math. Differences emerged based on student-level characteristics and across presidential administrations. Policy implications are discussed.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

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