From Court to Classroom: Deportation Proceedings and Reading and Math Achievement for Elementary Students from 1998 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jacob Kirksey
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Records Access

With rising numbers of deportations over the last two decades, there has been a particular concern among educators and researchers that immigrant-origin students and their peers are experiencing educational consequences due to increased stress, anxiety, and fear of the unknown. This study examined the relationship between immigration enforcement and student achievement in counties across the U.S. This study used data from two nationally representative samples of kindergarteners, The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Classes of 1998-99 and 2010, and the number of deportations ordered from each immigration court provided by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. When combining the ten years of data, the overall analytic sample is n=114,990 child by year observations, with deportations varying in 79 counties from 1998-2016. Employing a cross-sectional, longitudinal design, a student, school, and year fixed effects model was employed to examine the association between deportations and achievement in elementary grades, exploiting variation of deportations between counties and across years. The results of the analyses indicated that increases in deportations coincided with declines in Latinx student achievement in math. Differences emerged based on student-level characteristics and across presidential administrations. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Setting up Shop

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Finnie ◽  
Christine Laporte
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
College And University ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Employment Rates

Abstract This article reports the results of an empirical analysis of self-employment among recent college and university graduates using the National Graduates Survey databases. It finds that self-employment rates two years after graduation, calculated by year of graduation (1982, 1986, 1990 and 1995) and level of education, ranged from 6.5 percent to 7.8 percent for men, and from 3.2 percent to 5.2 percent for women. Five years after graduation, the rates had increased, ranging from 9.9 percent to 11.1 percent for men, and from 5.3 percent to 6.7 percent for women. The evidence regarding employment rates, job satisfaction, the job-education skill match and earnings (the latter including the estimation of both cross-sectional and fixed effects models) suggests that self-employment is generally associated with enhanced labour market outcomes—that is, the result of “pull” factors. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Personality Factors and Sick Leave Days. Evidence from a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study in Germany.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Yulia I. Raynik ◽  
Hans-Helmut König ◽  
André Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The question of whether employees’ sickness absence from the workplace depends on personality has been researched. Existing evidence mostly stems from cross-sectional studies, mainly showing that personality factors were not associated with the number of sick leave days, except for neuroticism, which was positively associated with sick leave days. Based on the above, it remains an under researched question whether intraindividual changes in personality factors are associated with changes in sick leave days. Thus, based on a nationally representative sample, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality factors and sick leave days longitudinally based on a nationally representative sample of individuals in Germany. Methods: The present study used data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), a longitudinal survey of private households in Germany. Information from the years 2005, 2009, 2013 were used. The Big Five Inventory-GSOEP (BFI-S) was used to measure personality. Sick leave days in the preceding year were recorded. Poisson fixed effects regressions were used. Results: Adjusting for potential confounders, regressions showed that increases in neuroticism were associated with increased sick leave days. The longitudinal association between extraversion and sick leave days was marginally significant (p < 0.10). Other personality factors were not significantly associated with sick leave days. In addition, sick leave days increased with worsening self-rated health, presence of severe disability and increasing age. Conclusions: The findings of the current study highlight the association between neuroticism and sick leave days longitudinally. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Governance and Domestic Investment in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimere Okechukwu Iheonu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The study empirically examined the impact of governance on domestic investment in 16 African countries with a balanced panel data set, between the years 2002 and 2015. The study employed six unbundled governance indicators from the World Bank, World Governance Indicators and constructed three bundled governance indicators using the Principal Component Analysis. The Driscoll and Kraay Fixed Effects model which accounts for serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence were employed with empirical results revealing that all the indicators of governance positively and significantly influence domestic investment in Africa, except for government effectiveness which happens to be insignificant. Also, Voice/Accountability and the Control of Corruption exert more influence on domestic investment as indicated by their coefficient values. Furthermore, economic growth is also an important factor in explaining domestic investment in Africa. Policy recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals High-stakes testing and student achievement: Updated analyses with NAEP data

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Nichols ◽  
Gene Glass ◽  
David Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
State Level ◽  
High Stakes Testing ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

The present research is a follow-up study of earlier published analyses that looked at the relationship between high-stakes testing pressure and student achievement in 25 states. Using the previously derived Accountability Pressure Index (APR) as a measure of state-level policy pressure for performance on standardized tests, a series of correlation analyses was conducted to explore relationships between high-stakes testing accountability pressure and student achievement as measured by the National Assessment for Education Progress (NAEP) in reading and math. Consistent with earlier work, stronger positive correlations between the pressure index and NAEP performance in fourth grade math and weaker connections between pressure and fourth and eighth grade reading performance were found. Policy implications and future directions for research are discussed.

scholarly journals Change in Cognitive Performance by Race or Ethnicity and Multimorbidity Among Older Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Ana Quinones ◽  
Siting Chen ◽  
Anda Botoseneanu ◽  
Heather Allore ◽  
Jason Newsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Observation Window ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Understanding factors that influence cognitive performance remain critical priorities, particularly among racial/ethnic groups that have higher prevalence of dementia. This study assesses race/ethnic (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic) differences in cognitive performance in adjusted models accounting for co-existing self-reported chronic conditions (arthritis, diabetes, cancer, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, lung disease, osteoporosis, stroke), age, sex, education, and income. Data from the 2011-2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally-representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries (N=7,041, mean age=77.5), were used to estimate a series of cross-sectional multivariable linear regressions to evaluate race/ethnic differences in cognitive performance scores on the NHATS cognitive composite test of memory, orientation, and executive function domains (range 0-33) over seven years. In adjusted models, black participants had lower cognitive scores relative to white participants in 2011 (b=-2.25, 95% CI[-2.52, -1.98]) and by the end of the observation period in 2017 (b=-3.24, 95% CI[-3.72, -2.76]). Similarly, Hispanic participants experienced lower cognitive scores relative to white participants in 2011 (b=-2.31, 95% CI[-2.77, -1.84]) which persisted to the end of the observation window (b=-2.77, 95% CI[-3.66, -1.89]). Racial/ethnic groups had significantly lower cognitive scores relative to white Medicare beneficiaries over seven years of assessment. These analyses build toward longitudinal analyses of repeated observations of cognitive performance. Given the broad clinical and policy implications involved in caring for persons with dementia, it will be important to intervene earlier on modifiable risk factors to postpone cognitive declines among older minority ethnic adults.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pasture Insurance on Farmland Values

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ifft ◽  
Shang Wu ◽  
Todd Kuethe
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Farmland Values ◽  
Publicly Supported ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of publicly supported insurance on agricultural land values. The analysis employs confidential, nationally representative panel data on field-level pastureland values and exploits a natural experiment provided by gradual introduction of the Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage Insurance Pilot Program. We use a field-level fixed-effects model that controls for several time-variant factors. We find that insurance availability is associated with an increase of at least 4 percent in pastureland values. This increase is comparable with increases generated by other government programs but is much smaller than total farmland value increases experienced in recent years.

scholarly journals From Partisan Media to Misperception: Affective Polarization as Mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kelly Garrett ◽  
Jacob A Long ◽  
Min Seon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Major Party ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conservative Media ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Abstract This article provides evidence that affective polarization is an important mechanism linking conservative media use to political misperceptions. Partisan media’s potential to polarize is well documented, and there are numerous ways in which hostility toward political opponents might promote the endorsement of inaccurate beliefs. We test this mediated model using data collected via nationally representative surveys conducted during two recent U.S. presidential elections. Fixed effects regression models using three-wave panel data collected in 2012 provide evidence that conservative media exposure contributes to more polarized feelings toward major-party presidential candidates, and this growing favorability gap is associated with misperceptions critical of the Democrats. Further, these effects are more pronounced among Republicans than among Democrats. Cross-sectional analyses using data collected in 2016 provide additional evidence of the mediated relationship. The theoretical and real-world significance of these results are discussed.

The prognostic impact of high MET gene copy number on non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of eight studies.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22049-e22049
Author(s):  
Anastasios Dimou ◽  
Lemuel Non ◽  
Kostas N Syrigos
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional

e22049 Background: The risk stratification of NSCLC on the basis of molecular information is a key approach in the clinical management of patients with the disease. MET is the receptor for HGF and is present in the membrane of NSCLC cells. The most common genetic alteration associated with MET is the gene amplification. Methods: Two independent investigators applied parallel search strategies with the terms "MET" AND "lung cancer", "MET" AND "NSCLC", "met gene copy number" AND "prognosis" in PubMed through November 2012. We selected the studies that investigated the association of MET gene copy number with prognosis. A quality score that assessed the lab methods, the generalizability and the analysis, was assigned to each study that was finally included in the analysis. Results: Among 791 studies that were identified in the initial search, we retrieved 8 cross sectional studies on retrospective cohorts with adequate data regarding the prognostic impact of MET gene copy number on the survival of patients with NSCLC. Among the studies, 5 used FISH and the remaining 3 used RT PCR to assess the MET gene copy number in the primary tumor. All 8 studies used tissue from surgically resected specimens. MET gene copy number predicted worse overall survival when all studies were combined in a fixed effects model (HR=1.35, 95% CI 1.17-1.57). We calculated the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity (I2=44%, p=0.09). There were four studies where a higher gene copy number predicted a better outcome and four in which the opposite was true. The Egger’s regression intercept showed no significant publication bias (p=0.38). Conclusions: Higher MET gene copy number in the primary tumor at the time of diagnosis predicts worse outcome in patients with NSCLC.

scholarly journals Impact on energy, sodium and dietary fibre intakes of vegetables prepared at home and away from home in the USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1937-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biing-Hwan Lin ◽  
Minh Wendt ◽  
Joanne F Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how increasing vegetable consumption from foods prepared at home (FAH) and foods prepared away from home (FAFH) would impact energy, dietary fibre and Na (sodium) intakes in the USA.DesignUsing data from the 2003–2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary intake data from two separate days were fitted with a first-difference (fixed-effects) model. Vegetables consumed from all sources, including mixed foods and juices, were disaggregated and expressed as amounts equivalent to one cup of whole vegetables.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsIndividuals aged 2 years and above reporting 2 d of dietary intake data in 2003–2004 (n 7647).ResultsHolding constant the total amount of food consumed, consuming an additional cup of tomatoes and potatoes from FAFH increases energy intake by respectively 1522 and 665 kJ, as compared with 246 and 367 kJ for FAH. Each additional cup of tomatoes from FAH is associated with an additional 179 mg of Na, compared with 113 mg for FAFH. All vegetable consumption increases fibre intake, except for potatoes and tomatoes from FAFH. Dark green and orange vegetables from FAH add the largest amount of fibre (1·38 g/cup).ConclusionsBecause US consumers frequently consume vegetables as part of mixed foods that add energy and Na, heavier consumption of vegetables as currently prepared raises the energy content and Na density of the overall diet. This is particularly true for vegetables prepared away from home.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic and Regional Factors of Digital Literacy Related to Prosperity

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Urbancikova ◽  
Nataliia Manakova ◽  
Bielcheva Ganna
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
City Size ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Cluster Analysis Method ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Item Cluster ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> to study social, economic, demographic, regional factors of digital literacy as a basis of digital prosperity.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Three research questions are studied, using regression models for cross-sectional data - Pooling model, Random effects model and Fixed-effects model and the Item Cluster Analysis method.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> Age, education, income and household type are the most significant factors of digital literacy, giving rise to the societal digital divide in Slovakia. Less important factors are the city size and the sector of the economy, but only weak is the influence of region, gender and nationality.</p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> Only the contingency tables of the longitudinal surveys were available, so the microanalysis was not possible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document