Cross-sectional analysis of eating patterns and snacking in the US Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1584-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M Deming ◽  
Kathleen C Reidy ◽  
Mary Kay Fox ◽  
Ronette R Briefel ◽  
Emma Jacquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractObjectiveTo explore eating patterns and snacking among US infants, toddlers and pre-school children.DesignThe Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008 was a cross-sectional national survey of children aged 6–47 months, weighted to reflect US age and racial/ethnic distributions. Dietary data were collected using one multiple-pass 24h recall. Eating occasions were categorized as meals, snacks or other (comprised of all feedings of breast milk and/or infant formula). The percentage of children consuming meals and snacks and their contribution to total energy, the number of snacks consumed per day, energy and nutrients coming from snacks and the most commonly consumed snacks were evaluated by age.SettingA national sample of US infants, toddlers and pre-school children.SubjectsA total of 2891 children in five age groups: 6–8 months (n 249), 9–11 months (n 256), 12–23 months (n 925), 24–35 months (n 736) and 36–47 months (n 725).ResultsSnacks were already consumed by 37 % of infants beginning at 6 months; by 12 months of age, nearly 95 % were consuming at least one snack per day. Snacks provided 25 % of daily energy from the age of 12 months. Approximately 40 % of toddlers and pre-school children consumed fruit and cow’s milk during snacks; about 25 % consumed 100 % fruit juice. Cookies were introduced early; by 24 months, 57 % consumed cookies or candy in a given day.ConclusionsSnacking is common, contributing significantly to daily energy and nutrient needs of toddlers and pre-school children. There is room for improvement, however, with many popular snacking choices contributing to excess sugar.

scholarly journals The Public’s Perception of the Severity and Global Impact at the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Crowdsourcing-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orr Shauly ◽  
Gregory Stone ◽  
Daniel Gould
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a rapidly developing threat to most people in the United States and abroad. The behaviors of the public are important to understand, as they may have a tremendous impact on the course of this novel coronavirus pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study intends to assess the US population’s perception and knowledge of the virus as a threat and the behaviors of the general population in response. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with random volunteers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an internet crowdsourcing service, on March 24, 2020. RESULTS A total of 969 participants met the inclusion criteria. It was found that the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly differed between age groups (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and men and women (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). A majority of study participants were actively adhering to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Though many participants identified COVID-19 as a threat, many failed to place themselves appropriately in the correct categories with respect to risk. This may indicate a need for additional public education for appropriately defining the risk of this novel pandemic.

scholarly journals The Public’s Perception of the Severity and Global Impact at the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Crowdsourcing-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis

10.2196/19768 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e19768
Author(s):  
Orr Shauly ◽  
Gregory Stone ◽  
Daniel Gould
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background COVID-19 is a rapidly developing threat to most people in the United States and abroad. The behaviors of the public are important to understand, as they may have a tremendous impact on the course of this novel coronavirus pandemic. Objective This study intends to assess the US population’s perception and knowledge of the virus as a threat and the behaviors of the general population in response. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with random volunteers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an internet crowdsourcing service, on March 24, 2020. Results A total of 969 participants met the inclusion criteria. It was found that the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly differed between age groups (P<.001) and men and women (P<.001). A majority of study participants were actively adhering to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Conclusions Though many participants identified COVID-19 as a threat, many failed to place themselves appropriately in the correct categories with respect to risk. This may indicate a need for additional public education for appropriately defining the risk of this novel pandemic.

scholarly journals Association Between Added Sugars from Infant Formulas and Rapid Weight Gain in US Infants and Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Ling Kong ◽  
Brenda Burgess ◽  
Katherine S Morris ◽  
Tyler Re ◽  
Holly R Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Weight For Age

ABSTRACT Background Formulas often contain high amounts of added sugars, though little research has studied their connection to obesity. Objectives This study assessed the contribution of added sugars from formulas during complementary feeding on total added sugar intakes, and the association between these sugars and upward weight-for-age percentile (WFA%) crossing (i.e., participants crossing a higher threshold percentile were considered to have an upward crossing). Methods Data from three 24-hour dietary recalls for infants (n = 97; 9–12 months) and toddlers (n = 44; 13–15 months) were obtained in this cross-sectional analysis. Foods and beverages with added sugars were divided into 17 categories. Pearson's correlations were used to test relations between added sugar intake and upward WFA% crossing, followed by multivariable regressions when significant. ANOVA compared intakes of all, milk-based, and table foods between primarily formula-fed compared with breastfed participants. Multivariable regressions were used to test effects of added sugars and protein from all foods compared with added sugars and protein from milk-based sources on upward WFA% crossing. Results Added sugars from formulas comprised 66% and 7% of added sugars consumed daily by infants and toddlers, respectively. A significant association was observed between upward WFA% crossing and added sugars from milk-based sources after controlling for gestational age, sex, age, introduction to solid foods, mean energy intakes, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and education (β = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.000–0.007; P = 0.046). Primarily formula-fed participants consumed nearly twice the energy from added sugars (P = 0.003) and gained weight faster (upward WFA% crossing = 1.1 ± 1.2 compared with 0.3 ± 0.6, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) than their breastfed counterparts. Conclusions Added sugars in formulas predict rapid weight gain in infants and toddlers. Educating mothers on lower-sugar options may enhance childhood obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Do Black Lives Matter in the American Public’s Mitigation Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mask Wearing and Racial/ethnic Disparities in Deaths from COVID-19 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berkeley Franz ◽  
Adrienne Milner ◽  
Jomills H. Braddock
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background: Anti-black and anti-Hispanic attitudes in the U.S. must be included in efforts to understand resistance to public health measures, such as mask wearing, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the structural and individual context of racism will enable us to improve public health and better prepare for future public health challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mask usage, racial segregation, and racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths.Methods: We used linear regression to assess whether the racial/ethnic composition of deaths and residential segregation predicted Americans’ decisions to wear masks in July 2020. Results: After controlling for mask mandates, mask usage increased when the White death rates relative to Black and Hispanic rates increased. Conclusions: Mask wearing may be shaped by an insensitivity to Black and Hispanic deaths and a corresponding unwillingness to engage in health protective behaviors. The broader history of systemic racism and residential segregation may also explain why white Americans do not wear masks or perceive themselves to be at risk when communities of color are disproportionately affected by COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries among 13 and 15-Year-Old School Children in an Endemic Fluorosis Area: A Cross-sectional Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sudhakar ◽  
K Amarendher Reddy ◽  
BR Anuradha ◽  
G Sri Laxmi ◽  
VN Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Endemic Fluorosis ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Aim To assess the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis among 13- to 15-year-old school children in Panyam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 school children and were examined for dental fluorosis and dental caries. Results This study shows that male students have a decrease in DMFT (Decayed, missing, filled, teeth) index and increase in Dean's index when compared with females. Among students with 13 to 15 years of age, 13-year-old student has increase in DMFT score when compared with other age groups and 14-year-old students has increase in Dean's score when compared with other age group students. Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries decreased with the increase of fluorosis among the students examined. Clinical significance Patients with dental fluorosis show a decreased prevalence of dental caries. How to cite this article Anuradha BR, Sri Laxmi G, Sudhakar P, Malik VN, Reddy KA, Reddy SN, Prasanna AL. Prevalence of Dental Caries among 13 and 15-Year-Old School Children in an Endemic Fluorosis Area: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):447-450.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna C. Atowa ◽  
Alvin J. Munsamy ◽  
Samuel O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

Prescribing of different antibiotics, rates of sepsis-related mortality and bacteremia in the US and England, and the utility of antibiotic replacement vs. reduction in prescribing: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Antibiotic use contributes to the rates of bacteremia, sepsis and associated mortality, particularly through lack of clearance of resistant infections following antibiotic treatment. At the same time, there is limited information on the effects of prescribing of some antibiotics vs. others on the rates of outcomes related to severe bacterial infections. Methods We looked at associations between the proportions (state-specific in the US; Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG)-specific in England) of different antibiotic types/classes among all prescribed antibiotics in the outpatient setting (oral antibiotics in the US), and rates of outcomes (mortality with sepsis, ICD-10 codes A40-41 present as either underlying or contributing causes of death on a death certificate in different age groups of US adults; E. coli as well as MSSA bacteremia in England) per unit of antibiotic prescribing (defined as the rate of outcome divided by the rate of outpatient prescribing of all antibiotics). Results In the US, prescribing of penicillins was associated with rates of mortality with sepsis for persons aged 75-84y and 85+y between 2014-2015. In England, prescribing of penicillins other than amoxicillin/co-amoxiclav was associated with rates of both MSSA and E. coli bacteremia for the period between financial years 2014/15 through 2017/18. Additionally, multivariable analysis for the US data has also shown an association between the percent of individuals aged 50-64y lacking health insurance, as well as the percent of individuals aged 65-84y who are African-American and rates of mortality with sepsis in the corresponding age groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that prescribing of penicillins is associated with rates of E. coli and MSSA bacteremia in England, and rates of mortality with sepsis in older US adults. Those results, as well as the related epidemiological data suggest that replacement of certain antibiotics, particularly penicillins in the treatment of certain syndromes should be considered for reducing the rates of outcomes related to severe bacterial infections.

Trends in the Inpatient Burden of Coronary Artery Disease in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Study of Large National Dataset

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Luo ◽  
Jiehui Xu ◽  
Changchuan Jiang ◽  
Chayakrit Krittanawong ◽  
Lingling Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
National Inpatient Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objective Cardiovascular diseases are serious comorbidities in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). In a sample of patients hospitalized for GPA, we sought to examine trends in the burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its two serious manifestations, acute myocardial infraction (AMI) and heart failure (HF). Methods We used the National Inpatient Sample to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Our sample consisted of hospitalizations for GPA between 2005 and 2014. We examined trends in the proportion of CAD, AMI, and HF in all hospitalizations with GPA compared to those without GPA. We used logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders and included interaction terms. Results Among a total of 103,453 GPA hospitalizations, 20,351 (19.7%) hospitalizations had a concurrent diagnosis of CAD. GPA with CAD was associated with overall lower burden of traditional cardiovascular risk factors compared to non-GPA with CAD, except chronic kidney disease (57% vs 21%). Over the 10-year study period, there were rising trends in the inpatient burden of CAD (from 16.6% in 2005 to 22.7% in 2014) and CAD with HF (from 4.31% in 2005 to 9.88% in 2014), but not AMI (from 1.17% in 2005 to 1.11% in 2014) in GPA hospitalizations compared to non-GPA controls. Conclusion In this national sample of GPA hospitalizations, we found that the burden of CAD and CAD with HF was on the rise over the 10-year period compared to non-GPA, however it was not the case for AMI.

scholarly journals Global Asthma Network Phase I study in Mexico: prevalence of asthma symptoms, risk factors and altitude associations—a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000658
Author(s):  
Blanca Estela Del-Río-Navarro ◽  
Arturo Berber ◽  
Nayely Reyes-Noriega ◽  
Elsy Maureen Navarrete-Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto García-Almaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
School Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Asthma Symptoms

BackgroundGlobal Asthma Network (GAN) was established in 2012 as a development to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to improve asthma care globally.ObjectiveTo survey asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in primary and secondary school children and to investigate and evaluate its prevalence, severity, management and risk factors in Mexico.MethodsGAN Phase I is a cross-sectional, multicentre survey carried out in 15 centres corresponding to 14 Mexican cities throughout 2016–2019 using the validated Spanish language version of the GAN Phase I questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by parents of 6–7-year-old primary school pupils (school children) and by 13–14-year-old adolescents.ResultsA total of 35 780 school children and 41 399 adolescents participated. Wheezing ever prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI 25.8% to 26.7%) in school children and 23.9% (95% CI 23.4% to 24.3%) in adolescents. The corresponding frequencies for current wheeze were 10.2% (95% CI 9.9% to 10.5%) and 11.6% (95% CI 11.2% to 11.9%). In school children, the risk factors for current wheeze were rhinitis (OR 4.484; 95% CI 3.915% to 5.134%) and rash symptoms (OR 1.735; 95% CI 1.461% to 2.059%). For adolescents, rhinitis symptoms (OR 3.492; 95% CI 3.188% to 3.825%) and allergic rhinitis diagnosis (OR 2.144; 95% CI 1.787% to 2.572%) were the most significant. For both groups, there was a negative relation with centres’ sea level altitude higher than 1500 m above mean sea level (p<0.005).ConclusionsThe most important risk factors for asthma symptoms in both age groups were the presence of rhinitis and rash symptoms or diagnosis. On the other hand, sea level altitude higher than 1500 metres was a protective factor.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Wais-R Aging Patterns with Psychiatric Inpatients: Support for Horn's Hypothesis that Fluid Cognitive Abilities Decline ,

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Individual Item ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Age Category

WAIS–R aging patterns were examined for a group of 200 psychiatric inpatients. Inpatients were grouped into six age categories: less than 24, 24–28, 29–32, 33–38, 39–43, and greater than 43 years. Verbal and Performance sums of scaled score, subtest scaled score, and raw score total, and individual item score means were examined for each age category. The classical aging pattern was observed wherein more crystallized cognitive abilities remained stable over age groups of the life span while more fluid abilities dropped sharply with their increasing ages. Results supported the decline in fluid cognitive abilities hypothesis for WAIS–R aging patterns advocated by Horn in 1985 and Kaufman in 1990.

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