The association between an energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and inflammation in rural and urban Black South Africans

Abstract Objective: To quantify the inflammatory potential of the diet of rural and urban Black South Africans using an adapted energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (AE-DII) and to investigate its relationship with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic disease risk markers. Dietary inflammatory potential has not been investigated in African populations. Design: Cross-sectional investigation. Setting: Rural and urban sites in the North West province of South Africa. Participants: 1,885 randomly selected, apparently healthy Black South Africans older than 30 years. Results: AE-DII scores ranged from –3.71 to +5.08 with a mean of +0.37. AE-DII scores were significantly higher in men (0.47±1.19) than in women (0.32±1.29), and in rural (0.55±1.29) than urban participants (0.21±1.19). Apart from its dietary constituents, AE-DII scores primarily associated with age, rural-urban status and education. Contrary to the literature, alcohol consumption was positively associated with AE-DII scores. Of the four tested inflammatory and 13 cardio-metabolic biomarkers, the AE-DII was only significantly negatively associated with albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and positively with waist circumference and fasting glucose, upon full adjustment. Conclusion: Rural men consumed the most pro-inflammatory diet, and urban women the least pro-inflammatory diet. The diet of the participants was not overtly pro- or anti-inflammatory and was not associated with measured inflammatory markers. The inflammatory potential of alcohol at different levels of intake requires further research. Understanding dietary inflammatory potential in the context of food insecurity, unhealthy lifestyle practices and lack of dietary variety remains limited.

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Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Its Association with Body Weight, Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Leptin in Indonesian Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Harry Muhammad ◽

Marleen van Baak ◽

Edwin Mariman ◽

Dian Sulistyoningrum ◽

Emy Huriyati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Plasma Leptin

It was previously reported that dietary intake is an important trigger for systemic inflammation and one of the lifestyle factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score and body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile and leptin in an Indonesian population. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 503 Indonesian adults. The DII score was calculated based on data of 30 nutrients and food components. Anthropometric profile, blood pressure, lipid profile, and leptin were measured. The association of these variables with the DII score was analyzed. The DII score was not associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (both unadjusted and after adjustment for covariates). However, plasma leptin concentration was significantly associated with the DII score (B = 0.096, p = 0.020). Plasma leptin also increased significantly across tertiles of the DII score (ANCOVA, p = 0.031). This positive association between the DII score and plasma leptin concentration suggests a role for the inflammatory properties of the diet in regulating adipose tissue inflammation.

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Dietary inflammatory index significantly affects lipids profile among adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000688 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Mahdi Vajdi ◽

Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽

Mahsa Mahmoudi-Nezhad

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Case Control ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Background: The available data on the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and serum lipids are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between DII® and serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) in general populations. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 2019. Case-control, cohort or cross-sectional studies that evaluated the relationship between DII® and serum lipids were included. The random-effects model was applied to evaluate the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: In total, twenty-four cross-sectional and one case-control studies with a total sample size of 129,759 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that the highest category of DII® was associated with 5.16 mg/dl increase in TC (Pooled WMD: 5.16; 95% CI: 0.58–9.73, p = 0.02) and 3.99 mg/dl increase in LDL-C (Pooled WMD: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.16–6.81, p = 0.006). However, no significant association between DII® scores, HDL-C and TG was found. In subgroup analysis, the geographical region, gender, and dietary assessment methods were potent sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: This study showed that a higher level of DII® was associated with higher levels of TC and LDL-C in apparently healthy populations. Since the included studies had observational designs, therefore, no conclusion of causality was possible. More studies with interventional designs are required to elucidate the causality of the observed association between DII® and the risk of abnormal lipid profile.

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Dietary inflammatory index and telomere length in subjects with a high cardiovascular disease risk from the PREDIMED-NAVARRA study: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses over 5 y

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.115.116863 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 897-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Sonia García-Calzón ◽

Guillermo Zalba ◽

Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R Hébert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Longitudinal Analyses ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index

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Association between dietary inflammatory index and components of metabolic syndrome

Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research ◽

10.34172/jcvtr.2020.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Sima Ghorabi ◽

Alireza Esteghamati ◽

Kamal Azam ◽

Elnaz Daneshzad ◽

Omid Sadeghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Study Participants

Introduction: Limited data are available on the association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of DII with MetS and its components among Iranian adults. <br /> Methods: A total of 404 subjects, aged 18 years or older, were included in the current cross-sectional study. We used a validated and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intakes. Fasting blood sample was obtained to quantify glycemic indicators and lipid profile. MetS was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). <br /> Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.20 ± 9.55 years. No significant association was found between DII and odds of MetS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.48-1.76). In terms of MetS components, a significant positive association was seen between DII scores and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.32-3.97); such that after controlling for energy intake, demographic variables and BMI, participants in the highest category of DII had 2.71 times greater odds for having reduced levels of HDL-C (OR: 2.71, 95% CIs: 1.34, 5.47). There was no other significant association between other components of MetS and DII scores either before or after adjusting for confounding variables.<br /> Conclusion: We observed no significant association between DII and odds of MetS. However, higher score of DII was associated with lower levels of HDL.

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Dietary inflammatory index is associated with lipid profile and interleukin-6 in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.23968/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Aslani ◽

Fereydoun Siassi ◽

Mostafa Qorbani ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R Hébert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index

Abstract Background: The prevalence of diseases associated with chronic inflammation is higher in postmenopausal women. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was developed to evaluate the diet-associated inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the DII score and levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 postmenopausal women referred to the southern health centers and health clinics affiliated to the southern municipality of Tehran, Iran. The DII score was calculated using dietary intakes derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Concentrations of FBS, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Using linear regression models, we evaluated the association between the DII score and blood biomarkers. Results: After adjustment for covariates, the highest DII score category was associated with higher TG value (bDIIt3vs1= 0.08, p=0.03), TG/HDL-C ratio (bDIIt3vs1= 0.10, p=0.04), and IL-6 concentration (bDIIt3vs1= 0.06, p=0.01) compared to the first category of the DII score. Conclusions: We found a positive association between pro-inflammatory diet and unfavorable biomarkers in postmenopausal women.

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Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional and Mediation Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1194

Author(s):

Vanessa Machado ◽

João Botelho ◽

João Viana ◽

Paula Pereira ◽

Luísa Bandeira Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Case Definition ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index

Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD with systemic inflammation. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014, participants who received periodontal exam and provided dietary recall data were included. The inflammatory potential of diet was calculated via DII. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. White blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for systemic inflammation. The periodontal measures were regressed across DII values using adjusted multivariate linear regression and adjusted mediation analysis. Overall, 10,178 participants were included. DII was significantly correlated with mean periodontal probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), thresholds of PPD and CAL, WBC, segmented neutrophils and DII (p < 0.01). A linear regression logistic adjusted for multiple confounding variables confirmed the association between DII and mean PPD (B = 0.02, Standard Error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001) and CAL (B = −0.02, SE: 0.01, p < 0.001). The association of mean PPD and mean CAL with both WBC and segmented neutrophils were mediated by DII (from 2.1 to 3.5%, p < 0.001). In the 2009–2010 subset, the association of mean CAL with serum CRP was mediated by DII (52.0%, p < 0.01). Inflammatory diet and PD may be associated. Also, the inflammatory diet significantly mediated the association of leukocyte counts and systemic inflammation with PD.

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Association between plant-based dietary indices, the dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory potential in female college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.111 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban ◽

Rachel Gibson ◽

Leenah Al-Freeh ◽

Sarah Al-Musharraf ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female College Students ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female College ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Dietary Indices

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Association between dietary inflammatory index and cardiometabolic risk factors among Brazilian adolescents: results from a national cross-sectional study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521003767 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Pâmela Ferreira Todendi ◽

Rafaela Salla ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hebert ◽

Julianna Ritter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index

Abstract Dietary factors play a role in modulating chronic inflammation and in the development of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents.A total of 31,684 Brazilian adolescents (12–17 years), from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. The E-DII (energy-adjusted)score was calculated based on data for 25available nutrients. The anthropometric profile, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycated hemoglobin were measured. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between sex-specific quartiles of the E-DII and cardiometabolic risk factors. In the energy-adjusted models, when comparing a high pro-inflammatory diet (quartile 4) withananti-inflammatory diet (quartile 1), there was a positive association with high HOMA-IR among boys(prevalence ratios (PR)Q4=1.37, 95%CI: 1.04–1.79); and with high fasting glucose (PRQ4 = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.02–3.78), high triglycerides (PRQ4 = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.06–3.46),low HDL-c (PRQ4 = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.02–1.32) and high LDL-c (PRQ4 = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.12–3.33) among girls. Additionally, a moderately pro-inflammatory diet was positively associated with high HOMA-IR (PRQ2 = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.02–1.29) among girls, and high total cholesterol (PRQ3 = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.20–2.01) among boys.In conclusion, this study provides new evidence on the association between inflammatory diets with cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents.

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Associations of dietary inflammatory index, serum levels of MCP-1 and body composition in Iranian overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47523/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nasim Ghodoosi ◽

Atieh Mirzababaei ◽

Elahe Rashidbeygi ◽

Negin Badrooj ◽

Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Mass ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Diet Group ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objective: Although, several studies have illustrated that there is a relation between the between dietary inflammatory index (DII) with obesity-related parameters, and inflammation, their results were controversial results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship among Iranian women. Results: Multivariable linear regression showed that fat mass was 0.14 kg lower in the anti-inflammatory diet group, with respect to the pro-inflammatory group, after adjusting covariates such as age, physical activity, economic and job status (β = -0.142, 95% CI -4.44, -1.71, P = 0.03). Fat-free mass (FFM) was 1.5 kg more in the anti-inflammatory diet group, compared to the pro-inflammatory diet group, after adjusting for potentials cofounders (β = 1.50, 95% CI 0, 3.01, p = 0.05). Furthermore, after adjusting for potentials cofounders, it was revealed that the subjects with lower DII had lower monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in serum (β = -18.81, 95% CI -35.84, -1.79, p = 0.03). These findings suggest an inverse and significant relationship between DII and FFM and also DII is directly related to Fat mass and the level of MCP-1. This finding can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating to prevent inflammation and non-communicable disease development among obese female.

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