Prevalence and predictors of major depressive disorder in bereaved caregivers at 6 and 13 months

AbstractObjectiveDepressive symptoms are common in bereaved caregivers; however, there have been few prospective studies using a structured interview. This study investigated the prevalence and preloss predictors of major depressive disorder (MDD) in bereaved caregivers of patients in a palliative care unit.MethodThis prospective cohort study collected caregiver sociodemographic and psychological data before the death of a palliative care unit patient, including MDD, care-burden, coping style, and hopeful attitude. Postloss MDD was assessed 6 and 13 months after death, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify its predictors.ResultOf 305 caregivers contacted, 92 participated in this study. The prevalence of preloss MDD was 21.8%; the prevalences of postloss MDD were 34.8% and 24.7% at 6 and 13 months, respectively. Preloss MDD predicted postloss MDD at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 5.38, 95% confidence interval [CI95%] = 1.29, 22.43); preloss nonhopeful attitude and unemployment status of caregivers predicted postloss MDD at 13 months (OR = 8.77, CI95% = 1.87, 41.13 and OR = 7.10, CI95% = 1.28, 39.36, respectively).Significance of resultsApproximately 35% of caregivers suffered from MDD at 6 months postloss, but the prevalence of MDD decreased to about 25% at 13 months. Preloss MDD significantly predicted postloss MDD at 6 months, whereas hopeful attitude and unemployment at baseline were significantly associated with postloss MDD at 13 months.

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Plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and major depressive disorder in Japanese elderly: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83478-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kei Hamazaki ◽

Yutaka J. Matsuoka ◽

Taiki Yamaji ◽

Norie Sawada ◽

Masaru Mimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractThe beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on depression are not definitively known. In a previous population-based prospective cohort study, we found a reverse J-shaped association of intake of fish and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), the intermediate metabolite of EPA and DHA, with major depressive disorder (MDD). To examine the association further in a cross-sectional manner, in the present study we analyzed the level of plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFAs and the risk of MDD in 1,213 participants aged 64–86 years (mean 72.9 years) who completed questionnaires and underwent medical check-ups, a mental health examination, and blood collection. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for MDD according to plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA quartiles. MDD was diagnosed in 103 individuals. There were no significant differences in any n-3 PUFAs (i.e., EPA, DHA, or DPA) between individuals with and without MDD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between any individual n-3 PUFAs and MDD risk. Overall, based on the results of this cross-sectional study, there appears to be no association of plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFAs with MDD risk in the elderly Japanese population.

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A simpler definition of major depressive disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291709990572 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 451-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. Zimmerman ◽

J. N. Galione ◽

I. Chelminski ◽

J. B. McGlinchey ◽

D. Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Somatic Symptoms ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Medically Ill ◽

Treatment Providers ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Definition Of ◽

High Level

BackgroundThe DSM-IV symptom criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are somewhat lengthy, with many studies showing that treatment providers have difficulty recalling all nine symptoms. Moreover, the criteria include somatic symptoms that are difficult to apply in patients with medical illnesses. In a previous report, we developed a briefer definition of MDD that was composed of the mood and cognitive symptoms of the DSM-IV criteria, and found high levels of agreement between the simplified and full DSM-IV definitions. The goal of the present study was to replicate these findings in another large sample of psychiatric out-patients and to extend the findings to other patient samples.MethodWe interviewed 1100 psychiatric out-patients and 210 pathological gamblers presenting for treatment and 1200 candidates for bariatric surgery. All patients were interviewed by a diagnostic rater who administered a semi-structured interview. We inquired about all symptoms of depression for all patients.ResultsIn all three samples high levels of agreement were found between the DSM-IV and the simpler definition of MDD. Summing across all 2510 patients, the level of agreement between the two definitions was 95.5% and the κ coefficient was 0.87.ConclusionsAfter eliminating the four somatic criteria from the DSM-IV definition of MDD, a high level of concordance was found between this simpler definition and the original DSM-IV classification. This new definition offers two advantages over the current DSM-IV definition – it is briefer and it is easier to apply with medically ill patients because it is free of somatic symptoms.

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Relationship between spirituality and suicidal ideations among patients with major depressive disorder

Journal of Nursing Education and Practice ◽

10.5430/jnep.v9n4p113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Souzan Abd El-Menem Abd El-Ghafar Harfus ◽

Amal Awad Abd El-Nabi Moussa ◽

Samar Mabrook El-Nehrawy

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Meaning In Life ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Correlational Design ◽

Psychiatric Department ◽

The Relationship

Background and objective: Suicide still constitutes to be a critical and risky issue requiring preventive strategies. There is evidence to suggest that spirituality is vital to the process of discovering meaning in life and plays an important role in dealing with suicidal desire. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spirituality and suicidal ideations among patients with major depressive disorder.Methods: Design and participants: A descriptive correlational design was utilized in the current study. A purposive sample of 181 patients with major depressive disorder was recruited. Setting: The study was conducted at inpatient psychiatric department of Tanta University and Neurology, Psychiatry, and Neuro-Surgery Center. Both hospitals are under the supervision and direction of the ministry of higher education. Tools: Four tools were used to collect data; socio-demographic and clinical characteristics structured interview schedule, Beck Depression Inventory, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and Scale for Suicide Ideation.Results: The current study indicated a statistical significant negative correlation between depression and spirituality. Also, a statistical significant negative correlation was found between spirituality and one subscale of suicide which is active suicide desire subscale. On the other side, there was a statistical significant positive correlation between depression and total score of suicide.Conclusions: Higher levels of spirituality may help buffer risk of active suicide desire and promote protective effect against depression. Recommendation: interventions that aim at increasing spiritual involvement and practice may be beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms and suicide desire.

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Study protocol for SKIPMDD: subcutaneous ketamine infusion in palliative care patients with advanced life limiting illnesses for major depressive disorder (phase II pilot feasibility study)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e052312

Author(s):

Wei Lee ◽

Caitlin Sheehan ◽

Richard Chye ◽

Sungwon Chang ◽

Colleen Loo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Dose Titration ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Ketamine Infusion ◽

Palliative Care Setting ◽

Pilot Feasibility Study

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) in people with advanced life-limiting illnesses can have significant impact on the quality-of-life of those affected. The management of MDD in the palliative care setting can be challenging as typical antidepressants may not work in time nor be tolerated due to coexisting organ dysfunctions, symptom burden and frailty. Parenteral ketamine was found to exhibit effective and rapid-onset antidepressant effect even against treatment-resistant depression in the psychiatric population. However, there is currently neither feasibility study nor available prospective study available to inform of the safety, tolerability and efficacy of such for MDD in the palliative setting.Methods and analysisThis is an open-labelled, single arm, phase II pilot feasibility study involving adult patients with advanced life-limiting illnesses and MDD across four palliative care services in Australia. It has an individual dose-titration design (0.1–0.4 mg/kg) with weekly treatments of subcutaneous ketamine infusion over 2 hours. The primary outcome is feasibility. The secondary outcomes are related to the safety, tolerability and antidepressant efficacy of ketamine, participants’ satisfaction in relation to the trial process and the reasons for not completing the study at various stages. The feasibility data will be reported using descriptive statistics. Meanwhile, side effects, tolerability and efficacy data will be analysed using change of assessment scores from baseline.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was acquired (South Western Sydney Local Health District: HREC/18/LPOOL/466). The results of this study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry Number: ACTRN12618001586202; Pre-results.

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Knowledge of and attitudes to major depressive disorder and its treatment in a sample of the general population in Serbia

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh180613071m ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 (1-2) ◽

pp. 94-99

Author(s):

Ivona Milacic-Vidojevic ◽

Marija Colic ◽

Branka Draskovic

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Health Literacy ◽

General Population ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Mental Health Literacy ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Major Depressive ◽

People With Mental Illness

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper was to examine the mental health literacy of the general population in Serbia and their attitudes towards persons with a mental illness. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study with structured interview using the vignette of a person with major depressive disorder (MDD). The attitudes towards people with mental illness were assessed by the Department of Health Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire. A convenient sample consisted of 504 participants. Results. A total of 72% of the sample recognized the presence of some sort of mental health problem, of which 40.9% correctly labeled the symptoms as MDD. The majority of participants believed that MDD was caused more by stress than by biological factors. A psychologist, a close friend, and a psychiatrist were often rated as helpful for the person described by the vignette. Vitamins and healing herbs were rated as the most helpful remedy. Antidepressants were considered both helpful and harmful. The attitudes towards people with mental illness were moderately positive. Conclusion. Mental health literacy in Serbia is moderate. Risk factors for negative attitudes included older age and lower education.

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A Qualitative Analysis of Experiences of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Commitment among Females with Major Depressive Disorder in Pakistan

South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.48165/sajssh.2021.2607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 84-100

Author(s):

Tania Qamar ◽

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar ◽

Nabisah binti Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Verification Method

Purpose. Suicide is a global public health problem. Because Asia accounts for 60% of all suicides worldwide, at least 60 million people are impacted by suicide or commit suicide in Asia each year. Females are more likely than males to engage in suicidal behaviour, which is defined as a complete problem of illness and death. The aim of the present research was to identify experiences of suicidal ideation and suicide commitment among females with major depressive disorder in Pakistan. Method. A sample of approximately 5 clients with major depressive disorder were approached from (Captain Mouzam Ali Shaheed Welfare Trust Hospital, Jhelum) Pakistan. The sample collected through snowball sampling strategy. Qualitative method of in-depth semi structured interview was conducted in order to get data. Beck depression inventory and suicide risk screener was used as an assessment measure. Ideographic Phenomenological Data Analysis (IPA) was utilized to examine and recorded the information in which investigator identified themes. Specific verification method was utilized to measure the credibility of the research results. Results. In outcomes, the main themes emerged in the current study and figures were drawn in order to explain the different themes. There were seven main themes were emerged in the present research were named as Etiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Effects of MDD, Psychosocial Factors, Coping with MDD, Insight about MDD, Seeking Support and Experience Difficulties During the Treatment of MDD. Novelty/Originality of The Study. Suicidal thoughts were moderately common among patients with major depressive illness. Implication. As a result, all clients with major depressive illness should be screened for suicide thoughts so that treatment can begin as soon as possible.

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Major Depressive Disorder and Depressive Symptomatology as Predictors of Husband to Wife Physical Aggression

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.13.4.347 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 347-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Shari Feldbau-Kohn ◽

Richard E. Heyman ◽

K. Daniel O’Leary

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Physical Aggression ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Community Sample ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Court Mandated ◽

Depression Symptomatology

This study investigated the association between a husband’s depressive symptomatology and the frequency of physical aggression toward his wife, as well as a husband’s Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and the frequency of physical aggression toward his wife. We assessed physically aggressive men who volunteered for treatment with their wives (N = 89). Almost one third had moderate levels of depressive symptomatology (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI ≥ 14]), but only 11% met criteria for MDD (based on a structured interview [SCID]). Although the rate of MDD was not absolutely high, it was higher than that reported in a community sample (i.e., 3%). A significant relationship between increased depressive symptomatology and frequency of physical aggression was found, but the association was most likely accounted for by self-reported anger. Related contextual factors including marital discord and psychological aggression are addressed. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed, including the severity of the treatment population (volunteer vs. court mandated), and severity of the depression (symptomatology vs. clinical diagnosis).

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Understanding bereavement-related depression: the polemical journey of DSM-5

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/ipm.2014.30 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 195-202

Author(s):

I. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Type Result ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Dsm Iv

ObjectiveThis paper will bring you on a polemical journey to understand the issues related in conceptualizing bereavement-related depression.MethodA critical narrative review was carried out to evaluate arguments and controversies surrounding DSM-IV classifications of bereavement exclusion for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD).ResultAvailable studies that are associated with bereavement exclusion criteria, the open trials and treatments with the implications of such conceptualizations and the current removal of the bereavement exclusion from MDD in DSM-5 were addressed.ConclusionThe review highlights the never-ending polemical journey of conceptualizing any mental disorders, bereavement-related depression included.

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