The Effect of Meiji Government Policy on Traditional Japanese Music During the Nineteenth Century: The Case of the Shakuhachi

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-292
Author(s):  
Kiku Day
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary School Curriculum ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Japanese Music ◽  
Modernization Process

The nineteenth century was the major turning point in traditional Japanese music, leading to changes in the musical world that rendered it well-nigh unrecognizable. With the introduction, in 1871, of a primary school curriculum in which only Western music was to be taught, traditional Japanese music began its journey to marginalization – in the end becoming a genre that sounded foreign to a majority of the inhabitants of its own native country.The vertical bamboo flute shakuhachi was particularly affected by the new Meiji government's modernization process. During the Edo period (1603–1867), mendicant monks organized in the Fuke sect had enjoyed a monopoly on playing the instrument. With the abolishment of the sect, in 1871, and the prohibition of begging for the following decade, the social position of shakuhachi players was radically changed. This article explores the ways in which shakuhachi players adapted to these changes in order to survive. That adaptation affected not only the construction of the instrument, but also the music itself.

scholarly journals Raznochintsy in the University

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pushkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
The University ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

The change in the social background of university students in nineteenth-century Russia, and in particular the “arrival of the raznochinets”, to use Mikhailovskii's celebrated term, have long been considered a major turning-point in Russian social history and a watershed in the development of the revolutionary movement. Historians have often attributed to it the chief role in producing the evolution of ideological attitudes between the “Fathers” of the 1840's and the “Sons” of the 1860's and the upsurge in radical agitation in the universities on the eve of the Emancipation of the Serfs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Social Studies Material in Primary School Curriculum

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4573-4576
Author(s):  
Asnawi . ◽  
Bunga Mulyahati ◽  
Ronald Fransyaigu
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary School Curriculum ◽  
Concrete Operational ◽  
School Selection ◽  
Thematic Learning ◽  
Selection Of

This study aims to assess the Social Studies material contained in the book of integrated thematic curriculum in 2013 the fourth grade of primary school. Selection of the fourth grade of primary school due to the initial implementation of integrated thematic learning in curriculum 2013 in a high-class curriculum. This study used a qualitative approach with a particular method of discourse analysis and content analysis of the data obtained through text analysis and documentation. Which is the object of this research is the book of integrated thematic curriculum fourth grade of primary school in curriculum 2013. Social Studies material is organized from the teaching materials and simple close around the child to a more extensive and complex. Depth presentation of the material in the textbook Social Studies  the fourth grade of primary school thematic curriculum is associated with students' knowledge. The level of difficulty of the material adapted to the development of learners who are at the stage of "concrete-operational", giving the students in understanding the material.

Attempts to Transform and Integrate the Jews 1750–1881

2013 ◽  
pp. 40-95
Author(s):  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines how the middle of the eighteenth century was a major turning point in the history of the Jews in Europe. Under the influence of the philosophy of the Enlightenment, many rulers now began to initiate attempts, carried still further by their constitutional successors in the nineteenth century, to transform the Jews from members of a religious and cultural community into ‘useful’ subjects, or, where a civil society had been established, into citizens. This attempt to change the legal, social, and economic status of the Jews was part of a wider process affecting the whole of society which can be described as ‘the Great Transformation’. There were two aspects to this transformation: economic and political. One now sees the industrial revolution as the culmination of a much longer process that should probably be dated back to the effects of European overseas expansion from the fifteenth century. The end result of this revolution was urbanization, the development of industry, the increasing importance of the bourgeoisie, and the displacement of the landed aristocracy as the dominant economic and political stratum.

scholarly journals Tourism SME sustainability social and economic challenges during pandemic: cases of Russian Federation, Georgia and Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Kristine Berzina ◽  
Marina Tsoy
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Depth Interviews

Until 2020, the tourism industry was characterized by a growth rate, the statistics highlight that globally 2019 was the tenth year with a consecutive annual growth. However, the Covid-19 pandemic marked a major turning point in the development of tourism, instead of tourism overdevelopment, the underdevelopment issues appeared in front pages of the industry news. The effects of the pandemic are intensified by the fact that tourism is a labour-intensive industry and that most companies in the sector are SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). At this time, it is crucially important to look at sustainability issues, therefore the aim of this study is to analyse the social and economic dimensions of sustainability for tourism SMEs. Descriptive statistics as well as qualitative research methods were used to study the challenges posed by the pandemic, in-depth interviews were conducted with tourism SMEs from three different countries. The conclusions show the situation from an enterprise perspective in Russian Federation, Georgia and Latvia.

scholarly journals Rights of Children in the Kenyan Primary School Curriculum

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-266
Author(s):  
Karugu A. M.
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary School Curriculum ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Children Rights

Kenyans today are very conscious and assertive of their rights. They ensured that basic human rights are enshrined in the new Constitution of Kenya 2010 that they passed. Despite all these, it is relevant to question how knowledge about human rights is transmitted and acquired by young Kenyans. We carried out a study in an attempt to provide an answer to this question. Using content analysis method we examined the rights of children as discussed in various social studies text books that are currently used in Kenyan primary schools. The objective was to identify rights of the children, interrogate them as well, as compare and contrast how various authors/publishers have presented them. In addition, the same method was used to identify and document incidents of violation of children rights as reported in the Daily Nation. The major finding of this study is that the social studies curriculum in primary schools as presented in the books that we examined adequately exposes young Kenyans to their rights and related issues. Pupils who suc-cessfully complete primary school course can be viewed to be knowledgeable and aware of their rights. Examining the reported incidents in the Daily Nation however showed that there is still a societal problem in protecting children from abuse. Children are vulnerable and defenseless. Generally, they are not capable of asserting their rights. This is evident, especially, in situations where violators of children rights are people close to them such as parents, guardians and teachers.

Western European Recycling in a Long-term Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Stöger ◽  
Reinhold Reith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Urban Sanitation ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recycling Systems

AbstractScholarship on the history of material flows stresses the fundamental changes in the recycling of materials between the nineteenth century and the mid-twentieth century and points to different caesuras during this period. Industrialization and urban sanitation constituted a major turning point for recycling followed by another connected to the advent of the mass consumer society. Seen in a long-term perspective, however, the picture seems more complex. There were significant changes, but there are also indications of evolving and persisting recycling systems. Mainly dealing with urban settings, the article argues that pre-industrial forms persisted within the field of “modern” recycling alongside the ruptures that can be detected for material flows and recycling systems since the end of the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals EU Competition Law Devours Its Children: The Proliferation of Anti-Competitive Object and the Problem of False Positives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Csongor István NAGY
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Alternative Conception ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rule Making

Abstract In the last decade, EU competition law reached a major turning point in its history. Anti-competitive object became an elusive and unpredictable rule, which boosts the risk of false positives and has a significant chilling effect. This article analyses this metamorphosis and the social damages it is causing, and proposes an alternative conception. The article demonstrates that the emerging new concept of anti-competitive object erroneously conflates ‘contextual analysis’, which has been part of the object-inquiry from the outset, and ‘effects-analysis’, which has no role to play here. It submits that both doctrinal and policy reasons confirm that anti-competitive object should be a category-building principle of ‘judicial rule-making’ (‘definition of the definition’) and not applicable to individual arrangements directly.

scholarly journals Pojetí literární výchovy v kurikulu české základní školy druhé poloviny dvacátého století

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Jitka Zítková
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
School Subject ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary School Curriculum ◽  
Curriculum Making

Conception of literary education in Czech curriculumfor primary school in the second half of the 20th centuryThe article has a historical and comparative character. It is concerned with the conception of literary education as a part of the Czech language as a school subject in the primary school curriculum. The author pays attention mainly to the period of the second half of the 20th century but she takes account of the previous and the present curriculum, too. The aims, content and methods of literary education in the curriculum are studied separately in each period of its development there. The main tendencies in their conception are defined. A few concepts are described as tendencies to stability, e.g. the presence of customary aims, the presence of three basic sections of content without their further inner hierarchy, and the presence of methodical crux within the direct work with texts. As one of the most distinct changes and movements, we can classify the decrease and then expire of ideological stress on the curriculum, making terminology more and more accurate but without needful definitions and shortening of newer curriculum. The changes of curriculum have always reflected both the social and political transformations and their results.

Religious Belief, Economic Interest and Social Policy: Temple Endowments in Sri Lanka during the Governorship of William Gregory, 1872–77

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Social ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Official Recognition

The social context of land endowed for the maintenance of temples in the Kandyan region of Sri Lanka has long been recognized by scholars as an important topic for historical and sociological research. Most historical writing on the subject is concerned with changes in government policy towards temple endowments after the imposition of British control in 1815. The first forty years of British rule have received more attention than any later period; consequently emphasis has been placed on the gradual of process British disengagement from the pre-colonial policy of close official involvement in the administration of temple land. This research has fruitfully illustrated tensions inherent to colonial rule in the early nineteenth century, especially the conflict between the religious beliefs of the colonizers and the desire to avoid unrest among non-Christians. However, little detailed research has been carried out on either official or popular attitudes towards temple endowments after the colonial government formally gave up its responsibility for their administration in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, the uneven and partial official movement towards a reassertion of government control in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is usually portrayed as official recognition of earlier mistakes concerning disestablishment. This view does not take into account the considerable economic importance of the endowments. Changing official attitudes towards religion, as well as internal developments within Buddhism, did indeed influence government policy, but changes in economic policy and in the control and use of land were also important.

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