Impact of Antibiotic-Induced Depletion of Gut Microbiota and Selenium Supplementation on Plasma Selenoproteome and Metal Homeostasis in a Mice Model

Background: Normal aging is accompanied by cognitive deficiencies, affecting women and men equally. Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with women having a higher risk. The higher prevalence of AD in women is associated with the abrupt hormonal decline seen after menopause. However, other factors may be involved in this sex-related cognitive decline. Alterations in gut microbiota (GM) and its bioproducts have been reported in AD subjects and transgenic (Tg) mice, having a direct impact on brain amyloid-β pathology in male (M), but not in female (F) mice. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine GM composition and cognitive dysfunction in M and F wildtype (WT) and Tg mice, in a sex/genotype segregation design. Methods: Anxiety, short term working-memory, spatial learning, and long-term spatial memory were evaluated in 6-month-old WT and Tg male mice. Fecal short chain fatty acids were determined by chromatography, and DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were used to determine GM differences. Results: We observed sex-dependent differences in cognitive skills in WT mice, favoring F mice. However, the cognitive advantage of females was lost in Tg mice. GM composition showed few sex-related differences in WT mice. Contrary, Tg-M mice presented a more severe dysbiosis than Tg-F mice. A decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae was associated with cognitive deficits in Tg-F mice, while butyrate levels were positively associated with better working- and object recognition-memory in WT-F mice. Conclusion: This report describes a sex-dependent association between GM alterations and cognitive impairment in a mice model of AD.

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Altered Fecal Metabolites and Colonic Glycerophospholipids Were Associated With Abnormal Composition of Gut Microbiota in a Depression Model of Mice

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.701355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Xue Gong ◽

Cheng Huang ◽

Xun Yang ◽

Jianjun Chen ◽

Juncai Pu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Mice Model ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽

Correlation Analysis Method ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been considered to play an important role in the development of depression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbiota and the colon is considered an important site for the interaction between microbiota and host, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate the alterations in the colon. Accordingly, in this study, we established a chronic social defeated stress (CSDS) mice model of depression. We applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the gut microbial composition and gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy to identify fecal metabolites and colonic lipids, respectively. Meanwhile, we used Spearman’s correlation analysis method to evaluate the associations between the gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, colonic lipids, and behavioral index. In total, there were 20 bacterial taxa and 18 bacterial taxa significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the CSDS mice. Further, microbial functional prediction demonstrated a disturbance of lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism in the CSDS mice. We also found 20 differential fecal metabolites and 36 differential colonic lipids (in the category of glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids) in the CSDS mice. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that fecal metabolomic signature was associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota composition and colonic lipidomic profile. Of note, three lipids [PC(16:0/20:4), PG(22:6/22:6), and PI(18:0/20:3), all in the category of glycerophospholipids] were significantly associated with anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes in mice. Taken together, our results indicated that the gut microbiota might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression via influencing fecal metabolites and colonic glycerophospholipid metabolism.

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Consumption of Wild Rice (Zizania latifolia) Prevents Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Mice Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21155375 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5375

Author(s):

Xiao-Dong Hou ◽

Ning Yan ◽

Yong-Mei Du ◽

Hui Liang ◽

Zhong-Feng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Low Grade ◽

Mice Model ◽

16S Rrna Pyrosequencing

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) due to excess weight and obesity threatens public health worldwide. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to obesity and related diseases. The cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of wild rice have been reported in several studies; however, whether it has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota is unknown. Here, we show that wild rice reduces body weight, liver steatosis, and low-grade inflammation, and improves insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing demonstrated that wild rice treatment significantly changed the gut microbiota composition in mice fed an HFD. The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were notably decreased upon wild rice consumption. Compared with a normal chow diet (NCD), HFD feeding altered 117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and wild rice supplementation reversed 90 OTUs to the configuration in the NCD group. Overall, our results suggest that wild rice may be used as a probiotic agent to reverse HFD-induced MAFLD through the modulation of the gut microbiota.

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Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23528/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wei-Kai Wu ◽

Suraphan Panyod ◽

Po-Yu Liu ◽

Chieh-Chang Chen ◽

Hsien-Li Kao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Health Production ◽

Mice Model ◽

Human Gut ◽

Novel Bacterium ◽

Gnotobiotic Mice ◽

Highly Correlated

Abstract The capability of gut microbiota in degrading foods and drugs administered orally can result in diversified efficacies and toxicity interpersonally and cause significant impact on human health. Production of atherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) from carnitine is a gut microbiota-directed pathway and varies widely among individuals. Here we demonstrated a personalized TMAO formation and carnitine bioavailability from carnitine supplements by differentiating individual TMAO productivities with a recently developed oral carnitine challenge test (OCCT). By exploring gut microbiome in subjects characterized by TMAO producer phenotypes, we identified 39 operational taxonomy units that were highly correlated to TMAO productivity, including Emergencia timonensis, which has been recently discovered to convert γ-butyrobetaine to TMA in vitro. A microbiome-based random forest classifier was therefore constructed to predict the TMAO producer phenotype (AUROC = 0.81) which was then validated with an external cohort (AUROC = 0.80). A novel bacterium called Ihubacter massiliensis was also discovered to be a key microbe for TMA/TMAO production by using an OCCT-based humanized gnotobiotic mice model. Simply combining the presence of E. timonensis and I. massiliensis could account for 43% of high TMAO producers with 97% specificity. Collectively, this human gut microbiota phenotype-directed approach offers potential for developing precision medicine and provides insights into translational research.

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Qing-Re-Xiao-Zheng Formula Modulates Gut Microbiota and Inhibits Inflammation in Mice With Diabetic Kidney Disease

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.719950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yabin Gao ◽

Ruibing Yang ◽

Lan Guo ◽

Yaoxian Wang ◽

Wei Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Mice Model ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

Metabolic Inflammation ◽

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Evidence indicates that the metabolic inflammation induced by gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to diabetic kidney disease. Prebiotic supplementations to prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis, inhibit inflammatory responses, and protect the renal function in DKD. Qing-Re-Xiao-Zheng formula (QRXZF) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has been used for DKD treatment in China. Recently, there are growing studies show that regulation of gut microbiota is a potential therapeutic strategy for DKD as it is able to reduce metabolic inflammation associated with DKD. However, it is unknown whether QRXZF is effective for DKD by regulating of gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the reno-protective effect of QRXZF by exploring its potential mechanism between gut microbiota and downstream inflammatory pathways mediated by gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the kidney. High-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin injection-induced DKD mice model was established to assess the QRXZF effect in vivo. Mice treated with QRXZF for 8 weeks had significantly lower levels of urinary albumin, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. The renal injuries observed through histological analysis were attenuated as well. Also, mice in the QRXZF group had higher levels of Zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression, lower levels of serum fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and less-damaged colonic mucosa as compared to the DKD group, implying the benefit role for the gut barrier integrity. QRXZF treatment also reversed gut dysbiosis and reduced levels of gut-derived LPS. Notably, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which are important inflammation pathways in DKD, were suppressed in the QRXZF groups. In conclusion, our results indicated that the reno-protective effects of QRXZF was probably associated with modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory responses in the kidney.

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The Regulation Effect of Crude Polysaccharides from Cordyceps Militaris on Obesity Control and Gut Microbiota Community via High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice Model

10.20944/preprints202012.0052.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Minglei Yu ◽

Nan Hui ◽

Kashif Hayat ◽

Xijia Yang ◽

Shaohua Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Cordyceps Militaris ◽

High Yield ◽

Serum Triglyceride Level ◽

Mice Model ◽

High Fat ◽

Brown Adipose

Administration of crude polysaccharides extract from natural product is a promising gut microbiota-targeted approach to preventing obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Dietary restrictions can change the type and number of gut bacteria, which is an important factor in delaying the onset and burden of diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-yield crude polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris (CMP) on high-fat diet (HFD) mice model and the gut microbiota community assembly, and to identify whether selenium (Se) addition would improve CMP action mode during cultivation. We found that the CMP treatment ameliorated adipose and liver pathologic morphology and fat accumulation in obese mice, while, SeCMP intervention was not superior than CMP in body mass gain, but notably decreasing serum triglyceride level increased by HFD. The upregulated expression of gene Cyp7a1 in liver and protein UCP1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) preliminary indicated that the effect might relate to bile acids (BAs) metabolism pathway and thermogenesis. In addition, CMP showed a drastic decrease in the gut microbes which positively correlated with dyslipidemia parameters. Our result reveals the potential of CMP to be used as functional food in the prevention of diet-induced adipose and liver steatosis, so does SeCMP has outstanding capacity of improving dyslipidemia.

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313 An oral decaherb formula suppressed Th2 inflammation and improved gut microbiota profile with 16S rRNA sequencing in mice model with atopic dermatitis

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 140 (7) ◽

pp. S39

Author(s):

S.K. Loo ◽

H. Li ◽

Y. Xian ◽

J.C. Tsui ◽

S.K. Tusi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Sequencing ◽

Mice Model ◽

Th2 Inflammation ◽

Rrna Sequencing

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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pentaherbs formula and Its Influence on Gut Microbiota in Allergic Asthma

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23112776 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 2776 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Miranda Tsang ◽

Sau-Wan Cheng ◽

Jing Zhu ◽

Karam Atli ◽

Ben Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Mice Model ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Allergic asthma is a highly prevalent airway inflammatory disease, which involves the interaction between the immune system, environmental and genetic factors. Co-relation between allergic asthma and gut microbiota upon the change of diet have been widely reported, implicating that oral intake of alternative medicines possess a potential in the management of allergic asthma. Previous clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that the Pentaherbs formula (PHF) comprising five traditional Chinese herbal medicines Lonicerae Flos, Menthae Herba, Phellodendri Cortex, Moutan Cortex, and Atractylodis Rhizoma possesses an anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory potential through suppressing various immune effector cells. In the present study, to further investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of PHF in allergic asthma, intragastrical administration of PHF was found to reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, airway wall remodeling and goblet cells hyperplasia in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mice model. PHF also significantly suppressed pulmonary eosinophilia and asthma-related cytokines IL-4 and IL-33 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In addition, PHF modulated the splenic regulatory T cells population, up-regulated regulatory interleukin (IL)-10 in serum, altered the microbial community structure and the short chain fatty acids content in the gut of the asthmatic mice. This study sheds light on the anti-inflammatory activities of PHF on allergic asthma. It also provides novel in vivo evidence that herbal medicines can ameliorate symptoms of allergic diseases may potentially prevent the development of subsequent atopic disorder such as allergic asthma through the influence of the gut microbiota.

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Influence of oral administration of Akkermansia muciniphila on the tissue distribution and gut microbiota composition of acute and chronic cadmium exposure mice

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1093/femsle/fnz160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 366 (13) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saisai Feng ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Yanyang Huang ◽

Jianxin Zhao ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Mice Model ◽

Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Cd Exposure ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious food safety problem. Acute and chronic Cd exposure changes the gut microbiota composition and damages the gut barrier function. Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), a promising candidate for the next-generation probiotics, has been reported to protect the mucus layer in the colon and significantly decrease the effects of Cd exposure in mice. Thus, the mice model was adopted to investigate the influence of oral administration of AKK on the toxic distribution and changes of gut microbiota composition caused by acute and chronic Cd exposure. In both acute and chronic Cd exposure experiments, 40 mice were divided into four groups (normal group, AKK group, Cd group and Cd plus AKK group). The Cd contents in feces and tissues were measured by a flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gut microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the gavage of AKK could not reduce the accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidney. The oral administration of AKK showed a certain influence on the gut microbiota composition of acute Cd exposure mice and limited influence on that of chronic Cd exposure mice. These results indicate the failure of AKK, as a potential protective probiotic, to reduce Cd toxicity. However, the gavage of AKK did have an influence on the gut microbiota composition of normal mice, especially on some genera in the Clostridiales order. Besides, when considering AKK’s probiotic potential and its effects on host health and disease, we should take into consideration its influence on the gut microbiota composition and micro-environment.

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