Can Theory Predict the Process of Suicide on Entry To Prison?

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Slade ◽  
Robert Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Static Risk

Background: Each year approximately 110,000 people are imprisoned in England and Wales and new prisoners remain one of the highest risk groups for suicide across the world. The reduction of suicide in prisoners remains difficult as assessments and interventions tend to rely on static risk factors with few theoretical or integrated models yet evaluated. Aims: To identify the dynamic factors that contribute to suicide ideation in this population based on Williams and Pollock’s (2001) Cry of Pain (CoP) model. Method: New arrivals (N = 198) into prison were asked to complete measures derived from the CoP model plus clinical and prison-specific factors. It was hypothesized that the factors of the CoP model would be predictive of suicide ideation. Results: Support was provided for the defeat and entrapment aspects of the CoP model with previous self-harm, repeated times in prison, and suicide-permissive cognitions also key in predicting suicide ideation for prisoners on entry to prison. Conclusion: An integrated and dynamic model was developed that has utility in predicting suicide in early-stage prisoners. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed along with recommendations for future research.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

scholarly journals Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Project Governance: A Scientometric Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhai ◽  
Ming Shan ◽  
Amos Darko ◽  
Yun Le
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Project Success ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Project Governance

Over the past two decades, project governance has attracted increasing attention from researchers and practitioners worldwide and has become an important research area of project management. However, an inclusive quantitative and systematic analysis of the state-of-the-art recently available research in this field is still missing. This study attempts to map the global research on project governance through a state-of-the-art review. A total of 285 bibliographic records were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database and analyzed by the visual analytic tool—CiteSpace. The results indicated that there has been an increasing research interest in project governance. The most productive and the most highly cited author in the area of project governance is Müller R., and most of the existing project governance research achievements are from Australia, China, USA, and Norway. By synthetically analyzing the keywords, future research might focus on governance of megaprojects and project success. Additionally, 9 knowledge domains of project governance were identified, including conceptual framework, public projects, governance structure, governance context, megaproject governance, contractual and relational governance, sustainability, portfolio governance, and project success. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by mapping the existing project governance research. It is particularly helpful to new and early-stage researchers who plan to do research on project governance, as it can provide them an overview of project governance research, including key authors, main institutions, hot topics, and knowledge domains. Moreover, the findings from the study are beneficial to industry practitioners as well, as they can help industry practitioners understand the latest development of governance theory and practice and thereby help them locate the best governance strategies for project management.

scholarly journals Bouncing Back and Jumping Forward: Scoping the Resilience Landscape of International Sports Events And Implications for Events and Festivals

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Shipway ◽  
Lee Miles
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

The purpose of this conceptual article is to critically scope the resilience landscape to help better understand how future studies on international sports events and venues could be informed by existing work in disaster management and resilience studies. The article suggests that within the differing benchmarks currently used to define and classify major international sports events, at present crises and disaster management considerations are largely ignored or underestimated. The article reviews previous research in crisis and disaster management, highlighting the potential for closer synergies between both sport and events studies and crisis and disaster management fields. It contributes new knowledge through the introduction of an international sports events (ISEs) resilience continuum to assist with better understanding resilience. The broader implications for events and festivals are highlighted. Although the interdisciplinary study of crisis, disasters, and emergency management has become increasingly sophisticated, the identification of synergies and useful concepts in relation to both sport and events studies to inform these areas is still at an early stage of development. This article adds to the limited body of knowledge on sports events resilience, and in doing so highlights potential avenues for future research in both sport and events, in terms of both theory and practice.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between pain and self-harm thoughts and behaviours in young people using network analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Verena Hinze ◽  
Tamsin Ford ◽  
Robin Evans ◽  
Bergljot Gjelsvik ◽  
Catherine Crane
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Self-harm thoughts and behaviours (SHTBs) are a serious public health concern in young people. Emerging research suggests that pain may be an important correlate of SHTBs in young people. However, it remains unclear whether this association is driven by the shared association with other correlates of SHTBs. This study used network analysis to delineate the relationship between SHTBs, pain and other correlates of SHTBs in a population-based sample of young people. Methods We performed secondary analyses, using data from 7977 young people aged 5–16 years who participated in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey in 2004. We used χ2 tests and network analysis to examine the complex interplay between SHTBs, pain and other correlates of SHTBs, including psychiatric disorders, childhood trauma, stressful life events, parental distress, family dysfunction, peer problems and inhibitory control deficits. Results Pain was associated with a doubled risk of SHTBs, and likewise, SHTBs were associated with a doubled risk of pain. Furthermore, network analysis showed that although pain was significantly associated with all measured correlates of SHTBs, except family dysfunction, pain was most strongly associated with SHTBs, after accounting for these measured correlates. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to utilise network analysis to provide novel insights into the complex relationship between SHTBs, pain and other known correlates of SHTBs in young people. Results suggest that pain is an independent correlate of SHTBs. Future research should aim to identify underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Survival of silver diamine fluoride among patients treated in community dental clinics: A naturalistic study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Elaine Raskin ◽  
Eric P Tranby ◽  
Sharity Ludwig ◽  
Ilya Okunev ◽  
Julie Frantsve-Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Restoration Failure

Abstract Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a minimally-invasive preventive services used in the U.S. to avert and arrest caries since 2014. Survival outcomes based in real world delivery settings have not been documented. We analyzed 12-month survival outcomes of SDF applied independently or concurrently with other restorative procedures among a population receiving community dental careMethods: We analyzed data on SDF applications from de-identified dental claims on Oregon Health Plan patients served by Advantage Dental in 2016, who had been seen in 2015 (patient n=2,269; teeth n=7,787). We compared survival rates of SDF alone, SDF applied with a sedative filling, and SDF with a same-day restoration. Failure was defined as a restoration or extraction of the tooth 7 to 365 days after initial application. Survival was defined as a patient returning 180 or more days after application whose tooth did not have restoration or extraction. Differences were assessed through Wilcoxon equality of survivor function tests and log-rank equality of survivor tests to compare failure rates, Cox Proportional Hazards models to assess factors associated with survival of SDF, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimate to calculate the probability of survival over time.Results: SDF alone had an overall survival rate of 76%. SDF placed with sedative filling and with a same-day restoration had survival rates of 50% and 84% respectively, likely reflecting treatment intent. SDF alone survived exceptionally well on primary cuspids, permanent molars, and permanent bicuspids and among patients aged 10 to 20 years, with modest variation across caries risk assessment categories. A single annual application of SDF was successful in 68% of cases. Among SDF failures on permanent dentition, more than two-thirds of teeth received a minor restoration.Conclusions: SDF is a minimally invasive non-aerosolizing option that prevented and arrested early stage dental caries among patients in one community dentistry setting. Professional organizations, policy makers, providers, and payors should broaden optional SDF use by informing clinical guidelines, reimbursement policies, and treatment decisions. Future research should address clinical, social, service delivery, workforce, and economic outcomes using diverse population-based samples, and the mechanisms underlying single application success and caries prevention potential. Trial registration: N/A

How much does love really hurt? Psychopathology and romantic relationships: A meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S696-S696
Author(s):  
A. Mirsu-Paun ◽  
J.A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Self Harm

IntroductionRomantic relationship quality (RRQ) and break-ups (RRB) among young adults have been associated with the onset of a first major depressive episode or suicide attempts. However, the size of these associations varies across studies and the relative weight of RRB versus RRQ needs to be understood.ObjectivesTo investigate (1) the size of the association between adolescent RRQ/RRB and psychopathology (i.e., depression, suicide ideation, deliberate self-harm, and suicide attempt); and (2) the role of potential moderators (e.g., gender, age, and nationality).MethodsA meta-analysis of 20 manuscripts reporting on 21 studies (n = 19623) was conducted, focusing specifically on adolescents and young adults. Studies focused on physically abusive relationships were excluded.ResultsA model combining relationship quality and break-up yielded a highly significant association between relationship measures and depression/self-harm but the strength of this relationship was modest (r = .229). The strength of the association between depression/self-harm and RRQ (r = .279) was statistically different from RRB (r = .145) (P = .006). Location (US vs. Non-US) had no effect. Age was not significant, B = -0.005, 95% CI [-0.026, 0.016], P = .647. Gender was a weak moderator (B = .160, 95% CI [-0.021, 0.340], P = .083).ConclusionsThe association between psychopathology and RRQ/RRB was statistically significant but relatively small. RRQ was a stronger predictor of depression compared to RRB. This association was slightly stronger for women than for men. Implications for practice and future research will be discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Associations between Chinese adolescents subjected to traditional and cyber bullying and suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide attempts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhekuan Peng ◽  
Anat Brunstein Klomek ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Xuefen Su ◽  
Lauri Sillanmäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background The incidence of bullying is high among adolescents. Adolescents who were victims of bullying have a higher risk of self-harm and suicidal behavior than adolescents who were non-victims. However, research on suicide and both traditional and cyber bullying was limited in China. Therefore, this study examined the associations between Chinese adolescents who were the victims of traditional and cyber bullying and the prevalence of suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide attempts. Methods This was a population-based study of 2647 students (51.2% girls) with a mean age of 13.6 ± 1.1 years from 10 junior high schools in Shantou, China. Information on bullying victimization, suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide attempts were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and the psychopathology of the students was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The associations were examined with multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for covariates. Results Traditional bullying victimization was reported by 16.7% of the adolescents, cyber bullying victimization by 9.0% and both by 3.5%. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 23.5%, self-harm was 6.2% and suicide attempts was 4.2%. Psychopathology symptoms were risk factors for suicide ideation only, ideation plus self-harm, self-harm only and suicide attempts. Victims of both traditional and cyber bullying had the highest risk of suicidal ideation only, ideation plus self-harm and suicide attempts, compared to those reporting one form of bullying. Victims of cyber bullying only had the second highest risk of suicidal ideation only and suicidal ideation plus self-harm compared to non-victims. Conclusions Adolescents who were victims of both traditional and cyber bullying had greater risks of adverse outcomes of suicidal ideation only, suicidal ideation plus self-harm and suicide attempts. The results of the current study suggest that those exposed to both forms of bullying should be routinely screened for suicidal risk. In addition, school-based anti-bully interventions should also target cyber bullying.

scholarly journals Resilience mediates the association between self-harm and suicidal ideation in Chinese left-behind children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xiao ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Hailiang Ran ◽  
Wenhang Deng ◽  
Yusan Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background A significant association between self-harm (SH) and suicide ideation (SI) has been found in Chinese left-behind children (LBC). Existing literature suggests that resilience might be a mediator in this association. However, this hypothesis has not been effectively discussed. The major aim of our study is to analyze the possible mediation of resilience in SH-SI association in Chinese LBC. Methods A population-based clustering sampling survey of 2619 LBC was conducted in southwestern China Yunnan province. Self-developed structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the associations between SH and SI, resilience and SI, and SH and resilience. Path analysis was adopted to measure the mediation of resilience, as well as its 5 dimensions, in the association between SH and SI. A subgroup analysis was further done to explore the mediation of resilience in the associations between SH severity and SI, SH repetition and SI, among self-harmed LBC. Results Compared with LBC who reported no SH behaviors, the odds ratio (OR) for SI was 3.37 (95% CI: 2.63–4.31) among self-harmed LBC. Based on the path model, resilience significantly mediated a quarter of the total association between SH and SI. Among the 5 dimensions of resilience, emotion regulation, interpersonal assistance, and family support were the strongest mediators. Subgroup analysis revealed that, the mediation of resilience was only significant for SH severity and SI. Conclusions Resilience played as a prominent mediator in SH-SI association among Chinese LBC. Resilience-centered intervention measures could be considered to reduce suicidal risk of this disadvantageous group.

Intentional self-harm in culturally and linguistically diverse communities: A study of hospital admissions in Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110634
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Le Pham ◽  
Kerry S O’Brien ◽  
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf ◽  
Sara Liu ◽  
Katharine Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Diverse Groups

Purpose: To examine the rates and profiles of intentional self-harm hospital admissions among people from culturally and linguistically diverse and non-culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 29,213 hospital admissions for self-harm among people aged 15 years or older in Victoria, Australia, was conducted using data from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset between 2014/2015 and 2018/2019. The Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset records all hospital admissions in public and private hospitals in Victoria (population 6.5 million). Population-based incidence of self-harm, logistic regression and percentages (95% confidence intervals) were calculated to compare between culturally and linguistically diverse groups by birthplaces and the non-culturally and linguistically diverse groups of self-harm admissions. Results: When grouped together culturally and linguistically diverse individuals had lower rates of (hospital-treated) self-harm compared with the non-culturally and linguistically diverse individuals. However, some culturally and linguistically diverse groups such as those originating from Sudan and Iran had higher rates than non-culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Among self-harm hospitalised patients, those in the culturally and linguistically diverse group (vs non-culturally and linguistically diverse group) were more likely to be older, Metropolitan Victorian residents, from the lowest socioeconomic status, and being ever or currently married. Self-harm admissions by persons born in Southern and Eastern Europe were the oldest of all groups; in all other groups number of admissions tended to decrease as age increased whereas in this group the number of admissions increased as age increased. Conclusion: There was considerable heterogeneity in rates of hospital-treated self-harm in culturally and linguistically diverse communities, with some countries of origin (e.g. Sudan, Iran) having significantly higher rates. Some of this variation may be due to factors relating to the mode of entry into Australia (refugee vs planned migration), and future research needs to examine this possibility and others, to better plan for support needs in the culturally and linguistically diverse communities most affected by self-harm. Combining all culturally and linguistically diverse people into one group may obscure important differences in self-harm. Different self-harm prevention strategies are likely to be needed for different culturally and linguistically diverse populations.

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