Attentive Perception Can Diminish Vagal Inhibition

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

A systematic decrease in heart rate when anticipating an important stimulus or when preparing to react is called anticipatory bradycardia. Numerous studies have shown that the initiation of motor activity prompts the termination of anticipatory bradycardia in reaction time tasks. However, in experiments with procedures based on more complex reactions, the termination of anticipatory bradycardia is delayed until later cardiac cycles. This unexpected effect may be attributed to perceptual processes that are engaged in the feedback mechanism essential for effectiveness in prolonged and complex motor reactions. The experiment presented in this article was carried out to verify the hypothesis that the initiation of a motor reaction, when processed simultaneously with sustained attentive perception, does not evoke acceleration of heart rate. The experimental task was a simulated shooting at a moving target. The procedure in the experimental group induced participants to attentively observe events before and after the required reaction, whereas in the control group, attentive perception of task events after the reaction was not possible. The expected pattern of heart-rate changes appeared in the experimental group. During the initial block of trials, the initiation of the motor reaction did not evoke immediate termination of anticipatory bradycardia. During later trials in the experimental group and during all trials in the control group, heart-rate changes were completely typical - heart rate increased after the motor reaction began. The results show that attentive perception engaged immediately after the initiation of motor activity can affect the pattern of phasic heart-rate changes observed during typical reaction time tasks. Additionally, the difference between the patterns characteristic of the initial and later trials suggests possible competition between the neuronal influences that modulate heart rate.

The Learning Assessment Centre and Organisational Transformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-830
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cook ◽  
Michael Muller ◽  
Ian Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Assessment Centre ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The learning assessment centre helps managers define learning objectives based on feedback in a group of peers. This study tested the hypothesis that the centre empowers managers to cope with change. Statistical methodology for a pre-test, post-test design using ordinal (Likert) data is also reviewed. Middle managers from a bank undergoing major reorganisation were divided into two matched groups. The experimental group spent three days in a learning assessment centre designed to give them self-insight and an understanding of the bank's requirements during the transformation. The control group received no treatment. Both groups were measured before and after the centre on a self-report measure and completed a peer assessment questionnaire completed by subordinates. Fifty-eight managers completed both pre-test and post-test measures. Whilst the subordinates of the control group reported a drop in their managers' empowerment, the subordinates of the experimental group reported a substantial improvement in their managers' empowerment. The difference between the groups was significant for five of the six areas measured. The difference between the self-reported performance of the two groups of managers was significant for only one area. These findings suggest that the learning centre could provide a solution to companies faced with the potentially destructive impact of major transition on management effectiveness.

scholarly journals Effects of a periodized functional strength training program (FST) on Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in physical education students

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Michał Sawczyn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Background and Study Aim: To examine the effects of periodized functional strength training (FST) on FMS scores of sport university students with higher risk of injury. Material and Methods: Thirty three  participants (age 21.6±1.3 years, height 177.8±6.9 m, mass 80.4±7.7 kg) with FMS total score ≤ 14 were selected from eighty two volunteered students of University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk and randomly assigned to experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=17). The FMS test was conducted one week before and one week after the 12 week training intervention. The experimental group participated in FST program through 12 weeks. The control group did not engaged in any additional physical activity than planned in their course of study. The  collected  data  were  analysed  using Statistica 13.3 pl (StatSoft Inc). Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to establish the statistical significance of the difference between FMS total scores within each group and Mann Whitney U test between groups before and after the 12 week training intervention. Results: 45 % of volunteers in the first FMS testing showed total scores ≤14. The experimental group that participated in FST program changed significantly FMS total scores after 12 weeks (p<0.05). There were also significant differences in FMS total score between groups after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a need for injury prevention programs for students of University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk. It is clear from this study that FST is effective in improving FMS total score in students with cut off score ≤14.

scholarly journals Does Oxygen Uptake Before Physical Exercise Affect Tear Osmolarity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Adam Wylęgała ◽  
Jan Pilch ◽  
Bartłomiej Bolek ◽  
Bogumiła Sędziak-Marcinek ◽  
Edward Wylęgała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Plasma Osmolarity ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractRecently, it has been reported that tear osmolarity (Tosm) is correlated with plasma osmolarity and will increase during exertion. We aimed to assess whether inhaling oxygen-enriched air between exercises could significantly change the Tosm value. Thirty men aged 24.9 years were included in the study. A cycloergometer was used to perform the exercise protocol. We recorded the participants’ Tosm (mOsm/L), heart rate (HR, beats/minute), oxygen saturation, and blood pressure values. After the first exhaustive exercise (T1), participants inhaled oxygen in the experimental group and a placebo in the control group. After the second exercise (T2), another set of measurements was obtained. The Tosm value before exercise was 297.4 ± 1.21 and 296.53 ± 1.11 mOsm/L (p = 0.61718) and the HR was 72.6 ± 2.59 and 73 ± 2.59 beats/minute (p = 0.39949) in the study and the control group, respectively. At T1, Tosm was 303.67 ± 1.25 and 302.2 ± 1.25 mOsm/L (p = 0.41286) and the HR reached 178.04 ± 2.60 and 176.4 ± 2.60 beats/minute (p = 0.65832), respectively. At T2, Tosm in the study group reached 305.73 ± 0.86 mOsm/L (correlation with the use of oxygen: r = −0.3818), and in the control group, it was 308.4 ± 0.86 mOsm/L (p = 0.0373), while the HR reached 172.20 ± 2.53 beats/minute in the study group and 178.2 ± 2.53 beats/minute in the control group (p = 0.057). It was concluded that inhaling oxygen before and after exercise could increase the rate of recovery after exhaustive exercise.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Terapi Membaca Al-Fatihah Reflektif-Intuitif dalam Menurunkan Depresi Penyintas Autoimun

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Infanti Wisnu Wardani ◽  
Fuad Nashori
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to observe the effectiveness of therapy of reflective-intuitive reading of Al-Fatihah in reducing the depression of autoimmune survivors. It used the quasi-experiment with the pre-test-posttest control group design – not non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects involved in this study were the female Moslems becoming the survivors of one of the autoimmune diseases. Here, the level of depression of the subject was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) sub-test of depression developed by Lovibond and Lovibond, adapted into the Indonesian language. The implementation of the therapy refers to the module of reflective-intuitive reading of Al-Fatihah developed by the researcher and team by referring to the module owned by Maulana, Subandi and Astuti. Data analysis used the Mann Whitney U-Test to determine the difference in the depression level in the experimental group before and after the intervention compared to the control group. The study results showed that therapy of reflective-intuitive reading of Al-Fatihah effectively reduced the level of depression of autoimmune survivors after passing the changing process taking a particular time.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Latihan Core Stability Terhadap Peningkatan Nilai Kesegaran Jasmani B Pada Prajurit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Wita Hana Puspita ◽  
Tjetjep Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fitness Score ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

An Army soldier must be able to foster physical fitness so that his body becomes healthy and can carry out his main duties to maintain the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of adding core stability exercise to increasing the value of physical fitness B in soldiers. Quasi experimental design research held at Yon Armed 4 Cimahi. A sample of 20 soldiers divided into 2 groups. The dependent variable is the physical fitness score B and the independent variable is the core stability exercise. Exercise is carried out for 4 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week. The difference in test results between the experimental group and the control group both before and after core stability exercise was tested by independent T test. There was a difference in the mean physical fitness scores between the experimental group (Mean= 85.80; SD= 2.82) and the control group (Mean= 82.50; SD= 2.32) before the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.011). There was a difference in physical fitness scores before and after the intervention between the experimental group (Mean= 3.90; SD= 1.52) and the control group (Mean= 1.60; SD= 0.70) and statistically significant (p < 0.001), with effect size = 1.94. Conclusion core stability exercise is effective to increase the physical fitness value of B on soldiers of Yon Armed 4 Cimahi

scholarly journals Effect of the Use Lethal Ovitrap to Population Aedes sp

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani ◽  
Bondan Fajar Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

<p><em>Dengue vector control has been done in various ways, however, has not been able to obtain optimal </em><em>results. Ovirap use to determine the presence of Aedes sp in a region is often done, but the application </em><em>of lethal ovitrap for population control Aedes sp still rarely done. This study was aimed to assess the </em><em>effect of LO applications on populations of Aedes sp. </em></p><p><em></em><em>This research includes quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group without </em><em>randomization. Research sites in dengue in endemic areas in Banyumas district, with a total sample of </em><em>100 homes in each treatment and control areas. Insecticides used on ovistrip is cypermethrin at a dose </em><em>of 12.5 mg ai/strip. Populations of Aedes sp measured each week for three weeks prior to the </em><em>intervention and twelve weeks during the intervention. The mean density of Aedes sp compared before </em><em>and after intervention and between treatment and control areas.</em><br /><em>The study showed the difference of mosquito densities before and after the intervention in the </em><em>experimental group was 0,07 ( p-value 0.044), whereas the control group was 0.037 (p-value 0.341). </em><em>LO use with the addition of insecticide active ingredient cypermetrin on ovistrip impact on the decline </em><em>density of Aedes sp.</em></p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pelatihan Toileting Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu dalam Toilet Training Anak Toddler di Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Arrahman dan Lare Angon Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Mendri ◽  
Atik Badi'ah
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the nurse's functions is to provide toilet training to children. This study aims to analyze the effect of toileting training on mother's knowledge in toilet training for toddlers at PAUD Arrahman and Lare Angon Yogyakarta. This type of research is experimental with pretest - posttest design with control group. The sample was selected using a random sampling technique that met the criteria, namely mothers who have toddlers in PAUD in the Gamping District, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The first observation was carried out to measure the mother's knowledge about toilet training for toddlers before being given training and the second observation was carried out to measure knowledge after being given training. The difference in knowledge between before and after the intervention was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, while the difference in knowledge between the intervention group and the control group was analyzed using the Mann Whitney-U test. The results showed that there was a difference in the increase in mother's knowledge about toilet training for toddlers between the experimental group and the control group (p = 0.000). Furthermore, it was concluded that toileting training using pocket books was effective for increasing mother's knowledge in toilet training for toddlers at PAUD Arrahman and Lare Angon Yogyakarta. Keywords: toileting; toilet training; toddlers; mother's knowledge ABSTRAK Salah satu fungsi perawat adalah memberikan pembelajaran toilet training kepada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pelatihan toileting terhadap pengetahuan ibu dalam toilet training anak toddler di PAUD Arrahman dan Lare Angon Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest - posttest with control group. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik random sampling yang memenuhi kriteria yaitu ibu yang mempunyai anak toddler di PAUD di wilayah Kecamatan Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Observasi pertama dilakukan untuk mengukur pengetahuan ibu tentang toilet training anak toddler sebelum diberikan pelatihan dan observasi kedua dilakukan untuk mengukur pengetahuan sesudah diberikan pelatihan. Perbedaan pengetahuan antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon test, sedangkan perbedaan pengetahuan antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dianalisis menggunakan Mann Whitney-U test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu tentang toilet training anak toddler antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol (p = 0,000). Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan toileting menggunakan buku saku efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu dalam toilet training anak toddler di PAUD Arrahman dan Lare Angon Yogyakarta. Kata kunci: toileting; toilet training; anak toddler; pengetahuan ibu

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF REACTION TIME AFTER A WORKPLACE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Rafael Cunha Laux ◽  
Sara Teresinha Corazza
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Introduction Work activities have been occupying an increasing amount of time in the daily lives of the population, making individuals less physically active. A job market strategy is to invest in physical exercise programs in the actual workplace to improve the physical and cognitive aspects of these employees. Objective To verify the effects of a workplace physical exercise program on the simple and choice reaction times of public university employees. Methods Twenty-six physically inactive male and female subjects with a mean age of 29.62 ± 6.47 years underwent a program consisting of thirty-six sessions with physical exercises in the workplace, held three times a week over twelve weeks. Simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) were assessed before and after the intervention, using the Vienna Test System®, and the results were presented in: I) reaction time, II) movement time; and (III) response time. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using the statistical program SPSS® (version 21.0 for Windows), with a significance level of 5%. Results When observing the SRT and CRT variables before and after the experiment, we noticed an improvement in reaction time, movement time and response time in the experimental group but not in the control group. Conclusion The workplace physical exercise program was able to reduce the SRT and CRT of the experimental group. Level of evidence I; randomized clinical trial.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Penurunan Tinggi Fundus Uteri Pada Ibu Nifas Yang Dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusui Dini (IMD) DAN IMD Dengan Diberikan Jus Nanas Di BPM Tias Susianah Lampung Utara Tahun 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neneng Siti Latifah ◽  
Sunarsih Sunarsih ◽  
Tias Susianah
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background : Postpartum maternal health services are health services for postpartum mothers according to standards. Based on the results of the preliminary survey conducted at BPM Tias Susianah on average every month, the number of deliveries was 95 people and from the results of the prasurvey conducted on 25-27 February 2018 of 10 post partum mothers there were 7 post partum mothers who said mothers had not ever consumed pineapple juice both from pregnancy to the puerperium. The purpose of the study was to know the difference in the decline of Fundus Uteri height in postpartum mothers who performed Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) and IMD and given Pineapple Juice at Tias Susianah BPM North Lampung in 2018. Method: This type of quantitative research with Quasi Experimental design is nonequivalent control group Design. The study population of all primiparous postpartum mothers was 946 postpartum mothers who gave birth normally with an average of 78 postpartum mothers per month, with a sample of 34 purposive sampling techniques. Data is taken with an observation sheet. Univariate data analysis and bivariate t test (t-test). Result: The results of the study showed a decrease in TFU before and after being given intervention in the case group with a significance value of P = 0.000 (<0.05) and t = 44.1. There was a decrease in TFU before and after the intervention was given to the control group with a significance value of P = 0,000 (<0,05) and t = 57,176. There was a difference in the difference in TFU reduction between the experimental and control groups as seen from the average difference in TFU decline in the two groups. The mean TFU reduction in the experimental group was 7.78 cm and the mean TFU reduction in the control group was 6.95cm with a mean value of 0.83 significance P = 0.000 so it can be concluded that there were differences in TFU reduction in the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: It is expected that Puskesmas can participate in providing counseling to post partum mothers to consume pineapple juice as an alternative to accelerate the healing or recovery process and minimize consumption ofpharmacological drugs

scholarly journals Influence of Sports Dietitian on the Dietary Intake and Hydration Habits of Collegiate Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Ravneet Kaur ◽  
Navjot Kaur ◽  
Amarjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim: The present study was conducted to study the difference between the dietary intake and hydration habits of collegiate athletes with or without sports dietician. Methods: A total of 120 athletes participating in 5 sports viz. hockey, basketball, handball, football and volleyball from two Universities were selected. Sixty athletes (30 males and 30 females) from Punjab Agricultural University without provision of sports dietician were treated as control group and sixty athletes (30 males and 30 females) from Punjabi University following sports dietician were treated as experimental group. Results: The findings suggested that the athletes of experimental group had a normal Body Mass Index (BMI). The overall nutrient intake findings revealed that the macronutrient as well as micronutrient intake of experimental group athletes was significantly (p≤0.01) higher than the athletes of control group. Experimental group athletes followed better nutritional habits during team trips, before and after exercise, during in-season and off-season of their workout and followed proper hydration guidelines. Conclusion: The athletes following sports dietician have better nutritional status and hydration habits.

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