Associations Between Self-Reported Temperament and Self-Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Justyna Śniecińska
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Self Knowledge

Abstract. Temperament and self-knowledge are both considered important regulators of behavior. Although their areas of influence overlap to some point, little is known about their association. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore if and how they are related to each other, specifically if temperamental dimensions predict self-evaluations in four important domains of self-knowledge. The results showed that temperamental dimensions derived from the regulative theory of temperament were predictors of self-evaluations in all four domains of self-knowledge to a certain degree. Temperament accounted for the greatest amount of variance in self-evaluations of the agency domain, which were positively predicted by briskness and activity, and negatively predicted by emotional reactivity. Both interpersonal attractiveness and social acceptance were positively predicted by briskness, activity, and sensory sensitivity, whereas positive predictors of morality were briskness and sensory sensitivity.

Temperament and Coping Activity Under Stress of Changing Intensity Over Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Heszen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
And Coping ◽  
First Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Temperament is probably an important factor that influences coping activity. The framework of the study was the Regulative Theory of Temperament by Strelau, where six temperamental traits are distinguished: emotional reactivity, perseveration, activity, briskness, sensory sensitivity, and endurance. These traits were hypothesized to be connected to coping activity in accordance with their psychological characteristics. It was also expected that the associations between temperament and coping activity should depend on stress intensity. Participants were 278 diabetics and 232 patients after first myocardial infarction (MI). The study was longitudinal and two diseases had been purposely selected so as to represent stress intensity either increasing (in diabetes) or decreasing (after MI) over time. Temperamental traits as well as coping activity components: cognitive appraisal, affect, and coping strategies were measured using self-report questionnaires. As hypothesized, temperamental traits were connected to coping activity. Phase-related changes in coping activity confirmed an increase in stress levels in diabetics, while cardiac patients tended to experience the situation as more challenging. While the expectation referring to the differential role of temperament under different levels of stress intensity was not confirmed, the connections of temperament with coping activity were found to decrease under long-term stress.

Psychological determinants of motivation in coaches of martial arts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Joanna Basiaga-Pasternak ◽  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Krzysztof Wrześniewski ◽  
Dariusz Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Sport Motivation ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Polish Adaptation

Introduction. Motivation is one of the key topics in sport psychology. The majority of researches concerning sport motivation are focused on the motivation of sport competitors. The present study concentrates on the motivation of coaches The aim of the present study was to investigate the type of sport motivation (based on distinction of types of sport achievement orientation by Gill and Deeter: competitiveness, win orientation, goal orientation) in coaches of martial arts, and to determine temperamental and personality-related determinants of motivation. Material and methods. The participants comprised 37 male trainers of martial arts (25 boxing coaches, 12 karate coaches). The average age was 36,8 years. The study employed various research tools including: The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) by Gill & Deeter in the Polish adaptation by Marcin Krawczyński, EPQ-R – Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in the Polish adaptation by Brzozowski and Drwal, and FCB-TI – Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – Tempe­rament Inventory by Zawadzki and Strelau. Results. The study has shown statistically significant differences in win orientation between the coaches of boxing and karate. Higher levels of win orientation were observed in the karate coaches. The correlations between goal oriented motivation and neuroticism, and between goal orientation and such temperamental dimensions as emotional reactivity or endurance were also noted in this group. Among the boxing coaches the correlation between sensory sensitivity and goal orientation was found. Conclusions. The results indicate that most differentiating type of motivation between the coaches is the goal orientation, which shows correlations with temperamental and personality variables.

Temperamental Determinants of Social Competencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Martowska
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Respondent Group

Abstract The research concerned the determinants of social competencies, which are significant indicators of the quality of interpersonal relations. The aim of the study was to verify the connection between social competencies and temperamental traits. The respondent group included 220 university students of different faculties aged 19-24. Social competencies were measured with the use of a Social Competencies Questionnaire (SCQ) by Anna Matczak, while temperamental traits were measured with The Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), by Bogdan Zawadzki and Jan Strelau. The research proved that activity, emotional reactivity and sensory sensitivity are significant predictors of social competencies. The predictive value of these traits differs depending on the kind of measured competency.

scholarly journals The Association between Temperament, Chronotype, Depressive Symptoms, and Disease Activity among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Łukasz Mokros ◽  
Danuta Domżał-Magrowska ◽  
Tadeusz Pietras ◽  
Kasper Sipowicz ◽  
Renata Talar-Wojnarowska
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mayo Score ◽  
Sensitivity Score

The psychological aspect may play an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The aims of this study were to explore the differences between patients with UC and CD regarding chronotype, temperament and depression, and to assess the psychological factors mentioned as predictors of disease activity. In total, n = 37 patients with UC and n = 47 patients with CD were included in the study. They underwent a clinical assessment, including the Mayo score or Crohn Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and completed questionnaires: a sociodemographic survey, Formal Characteristics of Behavior–Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), Chronotype Questionnaire (CQ), and the Beck Depression Index II (BDI). The Sensory Sensitivity score was higher among patients with CD than UC (p = 0.04). The emotional reactivity and endurance scores were higher among women than men with CD (p = 0.028 and p = 0.012 respectively). CQ Morningness–Eveningness (ME) correlated with Endurance (p = 0.041), Emotional Reactivity (p = 0.016), and Activity (p = 0.004). ME correlated with Rhythmicity among CD patients (p = 0.002). The Mayo score was predicted by Perseverance. The CDAI score was predicted by the BDI score. The pattern of the relationship between chronotype and temperament may differentiate patients with UC and CD. Personal disposition may play a role in the clinical assessment of patients with IBD.

scholarly journals Temperamental and Personality Traits as Factors Related to Changes in Health Behaviors and Quality of Life in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Burnos ◽  
Andrzej Skrobowski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Motivational Intervention ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity

Lifestyle changes in diet and physical activity are necessary for managing metabolic syndrome. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine temperamental and personality traits as moderators of lifestyle changes prompted by motivational intervention. The sample consisted of 50 patients aged 22–65years (M=45.26; SD=9.79) who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome and were undergoing treatment at the Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw. There were two measurements: an initial measurement and a second 15months after motivational counseling. Each patient completed the questionnaires: Formal Characteristics of Behavior – Temperament Inventory, NEO Five Factor Inventory, Inventory of Health Behavior, and Short Form Survey SF-36. Body Mass Index (BMI), Fat Mass, Fat-free Mass, Intracellular Water, and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were also measured. Data were analyzed using dependent samples t-tests to detect the changes in consecutive measurements, the hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate temperamental and personality traits as predictors of change, the cluster analysis was used to extract the subgroups of patients with distinct profiles of temperamental and personality traits, and the analysis of variance was used to analyze extracted profiles as potential moderators of change. Three subgroups were extracted using k-means clustering: patients with higher Neuroticism, Perseveration, and Emotional Reactivity; patients higher Extraversion, Briskness, Sensory Sensitivity, Endurance, Activity, and Conscientiousness; and patients with lower Perseveration. All patients improved significantly in terms of physical quality of life (QoL), health behaviors, BMI, BMR, and Fat-free Mass (p<0.05). Regression analysis found that higher Sensory Sensitivity, lower Perseveration, and higher Agreeableness fostered positive change (p<0.05). Patients with higher Neuroticism, Perseveration, and Emotional Reactivity also improved in terms of their Emotional Quality of Life and Health Practices, reaching parity with other patients, which was verified on the basis of statistically significant interaction (p<0.05). The temperamental and personality trait profiles moderated the changes in health practices and emotional QoL. Motivational counseling was effective for patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in general, but patients with higher Neuroticism, Perseveration, and Emotional Reactivity benefited even more, as they were in poorer psychological condition before the motivational intervention.

Sex-and sport related differences in the personality traits students in volleyball, basketball and judo athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Obminski ◽  
Helena Mroczkowska ◽  
Marina Jagiello ◽  
Artur Litwiniuk
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Important Field

Background and Study Aim.  Psychology is a very important field of knowledge in every area of human life, and personality and temperament have a large impact on the quality of human life, including mental and physical health, and indirectly on the results achieved in elite sport. The purpose of the study was to verify the assumption that there are differences in the psychological profile of professional sportsman students depending on the gender and type of sports discipline. Material and methods. The research covered athletes of both sexes belonging to academic sports clubs practicing volleyball, basketball and judo. The size of each of the six groups was 24 people. Standardized psychological tests were used to determine the levels of selected personality and temperamental traits: trait anxiety, neuroticism, extraversion, briskness, perseveration, sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity, endurance, activity, and six components of aggressiveness: physical aggressiveness, verbal aggressiveness, indirect aggressiveness, negativism, suspiciousness, resentment, irritability, overall and guilty sense. Two-way analysis of variance (sex * sport) was used to assess the differences between the groups. Results. Women showed higher trait anxiety, extraversion, perseveration, emotional reactivity results and lower physical aggressiveness levels compared to men. Basketball practitioners had the lowest levels of aggressiveness components, and the highest levels of briskness. Conclusions. The results suggest that the psychological profile of women participating in competitive sports may account for a higher emotional cost than men in terms of competition and failure. This fact should be taken into account by the coaches of female sports teams. The differences between sports may be due to the different structure of the task.

The Formal Characteristics of Behaviour‐Temperament Inventory (FCB‐TI): theoretical assumptions and scale construction

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau ◽  
Bogdan Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Psychometric Study ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
First Order ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Energetic Aspect

A psychometric study has been conducted with the aims of revising the structure of temperament as postulated by the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT) and of constructing an inventory which corresponds to the RTT. A starting point for the study was the assumption that temperament refers to formal attributes of behaviour expressed in energetic and temporal characteristics. About 600 items covering 12 characteristics were generated. A study based on linguistic and itemmetric analysis allowed us to reduce the number of items representing the 12 characteristics to a 381‐item pool. This set of items served as the basis for distinguishing the temperamental traits and for constructing the inventory: the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour–Temperament Inventory (FCB‐TI). A thorough psychometric study and factor analysis of data obtained from over 2000 subjects (both genders, aged from 15 to 80 years) allowed us to distinguish six temperamental traits which have the status of first‐order factors. Among them, four–Sensory Sensitivity, Endurance, Emotional Reactivity, and Activity–refer to the energetic aspect of behaviour and two–Briskness and Perseverance–refer to the temporal characteristics. The FCB‐TI has satisfactory psychometric characteristics, including Cronbach alpha and stability measures. Studies have shown that the six FCB‐TI scales are replica across samples and refer to robust temperament dimensions.

The Formal Characteristics of Behaviour—Temperament Inventory (FCB—TI): Validity studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau ◽  
Bogdan Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Psychometric Study ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Validity Studies ◽  
Temperament Traits

A psychometric study has been conducted with the aim of testing the validity of the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour—Temperament Inventory (FCB—TI). FCB—TI has been constructed to measure six temperament traits according to the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT): Briskness, Perseverance (referring to the temporal aspect of behavior), Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance, and Activity (referring to the energetic characteristics of behaviour). These traits have been compared with other temperament as well as personality dimensions. The following measures were used: PTS, EAS—TS, DOTS—R, EPQ—R, SSS—V, 16PF, and NEO‐FFI. The study was conducted on samples consisting of over 1500 subjects with satisfactory balanced gender ratio (about 50 per cent), and with a broad range of age (from 15 to 77 years), representing a variety of professions and educational levels. The correlational and factor analytic findings are presented; these show high theoretical validity of the FCB—TI scales, except the Sensory Sensitivity scale. In the discussion some conclusions concerning the revision of the structure of temperament have been suggested.

scholarly journals Future-Oriented Coping with Weather Stress among Mountain Hikers: Temperamental Personality Predictors and Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Piotr Próchniak ◽  
Agnieszka Próchniak
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Personality Predictors ◽  
Preventive Coping ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale

The aim of the study was to explore temperamental personality traits as predictors of fu-ture-oriented coping with weather stress in a group of Polish mountain hikers. The subjects were 209 young mountain hikers (M = 21.20; SD = 3.70) who took three temperament–personality questionnaires, i.e., FCZ-KT Temperament Questionnaire, Sensation Seeking Scale IV and NEO-FFI- Personality Inventory, alongside a recently constructed scale for diagnosing future-oriented coping with weather stress in outdoor context, Preventive and Proactive Coping with Bad Weather Scale in Outdoor Sports. The regression analysis indicated that preventive coping with weather stress in hiking was predicted by activity, emotional reactivity, briskness, sensory sensitivity, experience seeking, agreeableness and conscientiousness. In turn, proactive coping with bad weather in hiking was predicted by endurance, activity, thrill and adventure seeking and extraversion. In turn, the cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters of hikers characterized by diverse re-sults on the scales of preventive and proactive dealing with adverse weather, namely, prudent hikers (high preventive coping/high proactive coping), reckless hikers (low pre-ventive coping/high proactive coping) and wary hikers (high preventive coping/low proactive coping). The hikers in these clusters differed in terms of temperamental per-sonality traits.

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