Bridging Media Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Weber ◽  
Allison Eden ◽  
Richard Huskey ◽  
J. Michael Mangus ◽  
Emily Falk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Media Psychology ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Determinism ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Media neuroscience has emerged as a new area of study at the intersection of media psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In previous work, we have addressed this trend from a methodological perspective. In this paper, we outline the progression of scholarship in systematic investigations of mass communication phenomena over the past century, from behaviorism and environmental determinism to biological and evolutionary paradigms. These new paradigms are grounded in an emergentist perspective on the nature of psychological processes. We discuss what it means to ask valid research questions in media neuroscience studies and provide recent examples in the areas of interpersonal and intergroup processes, morality, and narratives as well as in persuasion and health communication. We conclude with a selection of innovative methodological avenues that have the potential to accelerate the integration of cognitive neuroscience into media psychology research.

scholarly journals Choice of Practical Subjects: Is It Still a Gendered Phenomenon? A Case of Selected Co-educational Secondary Schools in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. V. Nani ◽  
L. Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Gender Barriers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out whether the selection of practical subjects in schools was still a gendered phenomenon. The motivators were findings of an investigation on business imitations in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, which revealed that men and women still participated in gender based entrepreneurial activities. A qualitative approach, which utilised the case study design was adopted for this study. Self-administered open-ended questionnaires were used as data collection instruments. The sample comprised 5 Heads of Departments, 15 practical subject educators and 75 students from 2 purposively selected co-educational schools in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. Data were analysed according to research questions. Findings showed that there were attempts to break the gender barriers as some girls were now studying subjects that were previously male dominated and some boys had enrolled for subjects that were in the past the preserve of girls. The study concluded that there was a gradual paradigm shift in the mind-sets of school authorities, learners and some parents. Recommendations were that school authorities should continue to intensify campaigns on de-constructing the learners’ gender stereo typed mind-sets and engage various stakeholders in the change process to enable learners to comfortably fit in a globally competitive environment.

scholarly journals Methodical aspects of the montbeliarde breed gene pool in Ukraine creation

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
A. P. Krugliak ◽  
T. O. Krugliak ◽  
A. A. Kirii
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
The Body ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
The Past ◽  
Productivity Indices ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Individual Fixation ◽  
Selection Of

The methodical aspects of the Montbeliarde breed gene pool in Ukraine are presented. The evaluation and selection of animals was carried out on the basis of the dairy productivity and tribal value of the ancestors, the type of exteriors, the overall development of the body, the period of cohort, and also the parentage. Selected and brought 100 heads of the cows of the Monglereid breed. As a result of growth, development, the type of body structure, the animals corresponded to the standard of breed requirements and were pregnant for 3–4 months. The parents type productivity indices (ISU) was 98–147. More than 50% of them were ranked in the top 20 best breeders. The milk productivity of the heifers mathers on 305 days of the first lactation ranged from 5300 to 9100 kg of milk, with a fat content of 3.9–4.4% and a protein of 3.3–3.7%.Genealogical structure of the herd (100 cows and 64 heifers, which were obtained at the farm PLAE "Zhatkivske") is represented by 5 genealogical bloodlines. The most numerous is the bloodline Charmant – Ideal – Helios 15.421 (26 cows and 13 heifers). The Charvant sire was quite widely used in the breeding stock virtually of all bloodlines. This line is developed through the bulls Corail 3971002640, Cardian 7191071104106 and Isangrin 6393018001 (scheme 1). No less numerous is the Pirates 11,695 (25 caws and 6 heifers) bloodline, which has two powerful sublines: Novac 17136 and Tabarin 3967923962. The development of these independent branches continues through the bulls: Rhum 7080007171, Ezozo 0189014533 Martien 7176060311 Cantadou, Verglas 3984014417, Leguyer 7495022208, Bois Levin 0186006232.From the genealogical bloodline Oceano 11594 have been 23 caws selected, from which already 13 heifers were received. The bloodline has been developed through the bulls: Faucon 3990016792, Natif 3997030107, Oxalin 2598012281. Oxbou. Based on the old bloodline Ideal 9128, a new bloodline Osiris – Orkan 78315, is developed through the bulls: Lusignan, Jardin 2574010156, Tilleul 3912920526, Boulogne 7086000198 and represented by 15 individuals.The most numerous in the past century in the breed, the Bravo 12.571 bloodline has narrowed significantly and is currently developing only through the branch Debount 2572016541, his sons: Tafia 2582003300 and Tartars 7082004021 and their grandsons: Polichinel 2199011839, Maldini 1596099083 and others. At the moment, it's a disappearing bloodline, so the best bulls as Ezozo 0189014533, Bois Le Vin 0186006232 and the most promising bulls from Pirate 11.695 bloodline are used widely on the cows of this line. The farm brought 6 heavens of this line, from which 3 daughters were taken. In order to prevent the rapid growth of inbreeding, in recent years, in the breed used cross the most distant lines. The average expectation of 31 firstborns for 305 days of lactation in the PLAE "Zhatkivske" was 7298 (limits 6544–8839) kg.Thus, the breeding stock imported into the PLAE "Zhatkivskoe" is rather high-yielding and reflects the gene pool of the Monglereid breed. A plan for individual fixation, which is implemented in the herd, is developed to provide linear breeding, which in the complex forms the basis for the creation of the Monglereid breeder.

scholarly journals Kin Against Kin: Internal Co-selection and the Coherence of Kinship Typologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Passmore ◽  
Wolfgang Barth ◽  
Kyla Quinn ◽  
Simon J. Greenhill ◽  
Nicholas Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
Outstanding Question ◽  
Kinship Terminology ◽  
Mixed Systems ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAcross the world people in different societies structure their family relationships in many different ways. These relationships become encoded in their languages as kinship terminology, a word set that maps variably onto a vast genealogical grid of kinship categories, each of which could in principle vary independently. But the observed diversity of kinship terminology is considerably smaller than the enormous theoretical design space. For the past century anthropologists have captured this variation in typological schemes with only a small number of model system types. Whether those types exhibit the internal co-selection of parts implicit in their use is an outstanding question, as is the sufficiency of typologies in capturing variation as a whole. We interrogate the coherence of classic kinship typologies using modern statistical approaches and systematic data from a new database, Kinbank. We first survey the canonical types and their assumed patterns of internal and external co-selection, then present two data-driven approaches to assess internal coherence. Our first analysis reveals that across parents’ and ego’s (one’s own) generation, typology has limited predictive value: knowing the system in one generation does not reliably predict the other. Though we detect limited co-selection between generations, “disharmonic” systems are equally common. Second, we represent structural diversity with a novel multidimensional approach we term kinship space. This approach reveals, for ego’s generation, some broad patterning consistent with the canonical typology, but diversity (and mixed systems) is considerably higher than classical typologies suggest. Our results strongly challenge the descriptive adequacy of the set of canonical kinship types.

scholarly journals Neighborhood, Segregation, and School Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2 (20)) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Zoë Elisabeth Antonia Schreurs ◽  
Shu-Nu Chang Rundgren
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
School Assignment ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Neighborhood Segregation ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past few decades, school choice has been a widely debated issue around the globe, following the development of pluralism, liberty, and democracy. In many countries, school choice systems were preceded by residence-based school assignment systems, creating a strong connection between a neighborhood and its schools’ demographic compositions. However, schools often remain highly segregated. School segregation is thus seen as a major problem and is supposedly driven by three main factors: residential segregation, parental school choice, and schools’ selection of pupils. This paper aims to shed light on what research should be focusing on as regards school choice and residential segregation with the following two research questions: What are the links between neighborhood and school choice in the literature? How are neighborhood and school choice connected to school segregation in the literature? Two main findings emerged: (1) the neighborhood-based social networks that parents developed had limited their school choices and (2) neighborhood segregation is one of the most important factors that contributes to school segregation and is related to multi-ethnic and socioeconomic contexts.

A Content Analysis of Women's Published Mass Communication Research, 1965–1989

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Dupagne ◽  
W. James Potter ◽  
Roger Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Mass Communications ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Media Research ◽  
Published Research

The purpose of this study is to investigate women's scholarship in mass communications from 1965 to 1989. A content analysis was conducted to examine the percentage of mass media research published by female scholars in eight leading communication journals. Additional research questions involve sex differences in research topics and methods in the published literature. The examination of 1, 391 articles reveals that the amount of published research attributable to females has grown dramatically over the past two decades. The findings also suggest few major differences between female and male scholars in research methods of published articles.

Trajectories of linguistic variation: Emergence of a dialect

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ann Lane
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rare Opportunity ◽  
Selection Of

Investigations into dialect emergence are most often based on data from manuscripts and on comparative and internal reconstructions. Seldom does the opportunity arise to monitor the selection of competing norms during the emergence stage because the data to postulate the linguistic marketplace (and hence to know what forms were likely to have been in competition) are unavailable. The case of dialect emergence in Thyborøn, Denmark, over the past century offers just this rare opportunity. A historical demographic profile from the town's census data, dating back to its inception in the 1890s, enables a comparative analysis of the input dialects and variable linguistic forms that were in competition. It is possible to trace the linguistic and social variables at play during the emergence stage of this new dialect, following the tradition of research by Omdal (1977), Dorian (1981), Trudgill (1986), and Kerswill (1994b), among others. The findings contribute to an explanatory model of dialect emergence and transformation.

scholarly journals Primo Lanzoni, ovvero l'economia come antitesi all'ambientalismo nel pensiero geografico ottocentesco

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Zanetto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Modern Conception ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Determinism

The evolution of Economic Geography in the past century has been very complex. The older conception of Commercial Geography, as mere description of the distribution of economic factors, was substituted by a scientific interpretation of the natural conditions of economic activities. The later school, called environmental determinism, produced an estrangement of economics and economic geography, which was removed only very recently. The paper examines the thought of an Italian geographer, working in Venice around the turn of the century, whose work now appears as a forerunning example of a modern conception of geography, anti-determinist and related to the logic of economics.

Intergenerational Transmission of Ladino: Three Generations of Speakers in the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91
Author(s):  
Bryan Kirschen
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
First Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Sephardic Jews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Research Questions

This study examines language socialization among five women of a single family who all speak Ladino, an endangered language spoken by Sephardic Jews. These women, ranging from 32-88 years of age, represent three generations raised in different countries and exposed to a number of languages, including Turkish, Hebrew, Ladino, Spanish, and English. Given the rarity of intergenerational transmission of Ladino over the past century, this study asks the following research questions: 1) how the women in this study have been able to preserve their heritage language, Ladino, in spite of contact with other languages, and 2) how said contact with other languages has affected their production of Ladino. To address these questions, each informant participated in a sociolinguistic interview and a lexical elicitation task. An analysis of data reveals the unique circumstances that have allowed for the grandmother’s relative monolingualism in Ladino, and the different trajectories the language has taken among subsequent generations. Despite relative stability vis-à-vis proficiency in Ladino, data indicate points of contact between Spanish and Ladino among the youngest informants who acquired both varieties simultaneously during childhood. This research was conducted in 2018 among informants in both (Florida) United States and (Bat Yam) Israel.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in the Algorithmic Image, xCoAx Special Issue 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Rosemary Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Image Production ◽  
Selection Of

The incorporation of algorithmic procedures into the automation of image production has been gradual, but has reached critical mass over the past century, especially with the advent of photography, the introduction of digital computers and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Due to the increasingly significant influence algorithmic processes have on visual media, there has been an expansion of the possibilities as to how images may behave, and a consequent struggle to define them. This algorithmic turnhighlights inner tensions within existing notions of the image, namely raising questions regarding the autonomy of machines, author- and viewer- ship, and the veracity of representations. In this sense, algorithmic images hover uncertainly between human and machine as producers and interpreters of visual information, between representational and non-representational, and between visible surface and the processes behind it. This paper gives an introduction to fundamental internal discrepancies which arise within algorithmically produced images, examined through a selection of relevant artistic examples. Focusing on the theme of uncertainty, this investigation considers how algorithmic images contain aspects which conflict with the certitude of computation, and how this contributes to a difficulty in defining images.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

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