Single-shot stereo-polarimetric compressed ultrafast photography for light-speed observation of high-dimensional optical transients with picosecond resolution

Abstract Simultaneous and efficient ultrafast recording of multiple photon tags contributes to high-dimensional optical imaging and characterization in numerous fields. Existing high-dimensional optical imaging techniques that record space and polarization cannot detect the photon’s time of arrival owing to the limited speeds of the state-of-the-art electronic sensors. Here, we overcome this long-standing limitation by implementing stereo-polarimetric compressed ultrafast photography (SP-CUP) to record light-speed high-dimensional events in a single exposure. Synergizing compressed sensing and streak imaging with stereoscopy and polarimetry, SP-CUP enables video-recording of five photon tags (x, y, z: space; t: time of arrival; and ψ: angle of linear polarization) at 100 billion frames per second with a picosecond temporal resolution. We applied SP-CUP to the spatiotemporal characterization of linear polarization dynamics in early-stage plasma emission from laser-induced breakdown. This system also allowed three-dimensional ultrafast imaging of the linear polarization properties of a single ultrashort laser pulse propagating in a scattering medium.

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Neuroanatomical phenotyping of the mouse brain with three-dimensional autofluorescence imaging

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (15) ◽

pp. 778-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jacqueline A. Gleave ◽

Michael D. Wong ◽

Jun Dazai ◽

Maliha Altaf ◽

R. Mark Henkelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Imaging ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Small Scale ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Autofluorescence Imaging ◽

The Brain

The structural organization of the brain is important for normal brain function and is critical to understand in order to evaluate changes that occur during disease processes. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the mouse brain is necessary to appreciate the spatial context of structures within the brain. In addition, the small scale of many brain structures necessitates resolution at the ∼10 μm scale. 3D optical imaging techniques, such as optical projection tomography (OPT), have the ability to image intact large specimens (1 cm3) with ∼5 μm resolution. In this work we assessed the potential of autofluorescence optical imaging methods, and specifically OPT, for phenotyping the mouse brain. We found that both specimen size and fixation methods affected the quality of the OPT image. Based on these findings we developed a specimen preparation method to improve the images. Using this method we assessed the potential of optical imaging for phenotyping. Phenotypic differences between wild-type male and female mice were quantified using computer-automated methods. We found that optical imaging of the endogenous autofluorescence in the mouse brain allows for 3D characterization of neuroanatomy and detailed analysis of brain phenotypes. This will be a powerful tool for understanding mouse models of disease and development and is a technology that fits easily within the workflow of biology and neuroscience labs.

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Merging single-shot XFEL diffraction data from inorganic nanoparticles: a new approach to size and orientation determination

IUCrJ ◽

10.1107/s2052252517012398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 741-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xuanxuan Li ◽

John C. H. Spence ◽

Brenda G. Hogue ◽

Haiguang Liu

Keyword(s):

Short Pulse ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽

Scattering Data ◽

Core Shell ◽

Single Shot ◽

X Ray ◽

Data Merging

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide new opportunities for structure determination of biomolecules, viruses and nanomaterials. With unprecedented peak brilliance and ultra-short pulse duration, XFELs can tolerate higher X-ray doses by exploiting the femtosecond-scale exposure time, and can thus go beyond the resolution limits achieved with conventional X-ray diffraction imaging techniques. Using XFELs, it is possible to collect scattering information from single particles at high resolution, however particle heterogeneity and unknown orientations complicate data merging in three-dimensional space. Using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), synthetic inorganic nanocrystals with a core–shell architecture were used as a model system for proof-of-principle coherent diffractive single-particle imaging experiments. To deal with the heterogeneity of the core–shell particles, new computational methods have been developed to extract the particle size and orientation from the scattering data to assist data merging. The size distribution agrees with that obtained by electron microscopy and the merged data support a model with a core–shell architecture.

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Optical imaging and modulation of neurovascular responses

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x18803372 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 2057-2072 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kazuto Masamoto ◽

Alberto Vazquez

Keyword(s):

Optical Imaging ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Transgenic Animal ◽

Optical Methods ◽

Vascular Networks ◽

Temporal Properties ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction

The cerebral microvasculature consists of pial vascular networks, parenchymal descending arterioles, ascending venules and parenchymal capillaries. This vascular compartmentalization is vital to precisely deliver blood to balance continuously varying neural demands in multiple brain regions. Optical imaging techniques have facilitated the investigation of dynamic spatial and temporal properties of microvascular functions in real time. Their combination with transgenic animal models encoding specific genetic targets have further strengthened the importance of optical methods for neurovascular research by allowing for the modulation and monitoring of neuro vascular function. Image analysis methods with three-dimensional reconstruction are also helping to understand the complexity of microscopic observations. Here, we review the compartmentalized cerebral microvascular responses to global perturbations as well as regional changes in response to neural activity to highlight the differences in vascular action sites. In addition, microvascular responses elicited by optical modulation of different cell-type targets are summarized with emphasis on variable spatiotemporal dynamics of microvascular responses. Finally, long-term changes in microvascular compartmentalization are discussed to help understand potential relationships between CBF disturbances and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline.

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Multi-color imaging of sub-mitochondrial structures in living cells using structured illumination microscopy

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2017-0112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 935-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ida S. Opstad ◽

Deanna L. Wolfson ◽

Cristina I. Øie ◽

Balpreet S. Ahluwalia

Keyword(s):

Optical Imaging ◽

Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Living Cells ◽

Intermembrane Space ◽

Structured Illumination ◽

Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽

Microscopy Techniques

AbstractThe dimensions of mitochondria are close to the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy techniques, making the complex internal structures of mitochondria unresolvable. In recent years, new fluorescence-based optical imaging techniques have emerged, which allow for optical imaging below the conventional limit, enabling super-resolution (SR). Possibly the most promising SR and diffraction-limited microscopy techniques for live-cell imaging are structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and deconvolution microscopy (DV), respectively. Both SIM and DV are widefield techniques and therefore provide fast-imaging speed as compared to scanning based microscopy techniques. We have exploited the capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) SIM and 3D DV to investigate different sub-mitochondrial structures in living cells: the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, and the matrix. Using different mitochondrial probes, each of these sub-structures was first investigated individually and then in combination. We describe the challenges associated with simultaneous labeling and SR imaging and the optimized labeling protocol and imaging conditions to obtain simultaneous three-color SR imaging of multiple mitochondrial regions in living cells. To investigate both mitochondrial dynamics and structural details in the same cell, the combined usage of DV for long-term time-lapse imaging and 3D SIM for detailed, selected time point analysis was a useful strategy.

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Spatiotemporal observation of light propagation in a three-dimensional scattering medium

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01124-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomoyoshi Inoue ◽

Yuasa Junpei ◽

Seiya Itoh ◽

Tatsuya Okuda ◽

Akinori Funahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Imaging ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

Light Pulse ◽

Pulse Propagation ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Optical Scattering ◽

Scattering Medium ◽

Ultrashort Light Pulse ◽

Ultrafast Optical

AbstractSpatiotemporal information about light pulse propagation obtained with femtosecond temporal resolution plays an important role in understanding transient phenomena and light–matter interactions. Although ultrafast optical imaging techniques have been developed, it is still difficult to capture light pulse propagation spatiotemporally. Furthermore, imaging through a three-dimensional (3-D) scattering medium is a longstanding challenge due to the optical scattering caused by the interaction between light pulse and a 3-D scattering medium. Here, we propose a technique for ultrafast optical imaging of light pulses propagating inside a 3D scattering medium. We record an image of the light pulse propagation using the ultrashort light pulse even when the interaction between light pulse and a 3-D scattering medium causes the optical scattering. We demonstrated our proposed technique by recording converging, refracted, and diffracted propagating light for 59 ps with femtosecond temporal resolution.

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A Combined Use of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI Parameters Can Differentiate Early-Stage Hepatitis-b Fibrotic Livers from Healthy Livers

SLAS TECHNOLOGY Translating Life Sciences Innovation ◽

10.1177/2472630317717049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 259-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yì Xiáng J. Wáng ◽

Min Deng ◽

Yáo T. Li ◽

Hua Huang ◽

Jason Chi Shun Leung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Early Stage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Classification And Regression Tree ◽

Intravoxel Incoherent Motion ◽

Single Shot ◽

Planar Imaging ◽

Combined Use

This study investigated a combined use of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters, Dslow ( D), PF ( f), and Dfast ( D*), for liver fibrosis evaluation. Sixteen healthy volunteers (F0) and 33 hepatitis-b patients (stage F1 = 15, stage F2–4 = 18) were included. With a 1.5 T MR scanner and respiration gating, IVIM diffusion-weighted imaging was acquired using a single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence with 10 b values of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 400, and 800 s/mm2. Signal measurement was performed on right liver parenchyma. With a three-dimensional tool, Dslow, PF, and Dfast values were placed along the x axis, y axis, and z axis, and a plane was defined to separate healthy volunteers from patients. The three-dimensional tool demonstrated that healthy volunteers and all patients with liver fibrosis could be separated. Classification and regression tree showed that a combination of PF (PF < 12.55%), Dslow (Dslow < 1.152 × 10−3 mm2/s), and Dfast (Dfast < 13.36 × 10−3 mm2/s) could differentiate healthy subjects and all fibrotic livers (F1–4) with an area under the curve of logistic regression (AUC) of 0.986. The AUC for differentiation of healthy livers versus F2–4 livers was 1. PF offered the best diagnostic value, followed by Dslow; however, all three parameters of PF, Dslow, and Dfast contributed to liver fibrosis detection.

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Mitochondrial Reconstructions Based on Serial Thick Sections and HVEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100115055 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 286-287

Author(s):

Jerome J. Paulin

Keyword(s):

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Posterior Pole ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Stereo Imaging ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

The Past ◽

Cellular Components ◽

Mitochondrial Reticulum

Within the past decade it has become apparent that HVEM offers the biologist a means to explore the three-dimensional structure of cells and/or organelles. Stereo-imaging of thick sections (e.g. 0.25-10 μm) not only reveals anatomical features of cellular components, but also reduces errors of interpretation associated with overlap of structures seen in thick sections. Concomitant with stereo-imaging techniques conventional serial Sectioning methods developed with thin sections have been adopted to serial thick sections (≥ 0.25 μm). Three-dimensional reconstructions of the chondriome of several species of trypanosomatid flagellates have been made from tracings of mitochondrial profiles on cellulose acetate sheets. The sheets are flooded with acetone, gluing them together, and the model sawed from the composite and redrawn.The extensive mitochondrial reticulum can be seen in consecutive thick sections of (0.25 μm thick) Crithidia fasciculata (Figs. 1-2). Profiles of the mitochondrion are distinguishable from the anterior apex of the cell (small arrow, Fig. 1) to the posterior pole (small arrow, Fig. 2).

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Image formation analysis of thick biological specimens using three-dimensional power-spectra of through focus series

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100168359 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 124-125

Author(s):

Karen F. Han

Keyword(s):

Inelastic Scattering ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Mass Density ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Power Spectra ◽

Image Formation ◽

Energy Filtering ◽

Ewald Sphere ◽

Nonlinear Imaging

The primary focus in our laboratory is the study of higher order chromatin structure using three dimensional electron microscope tomography. Three dimensional tomography involves the deconstruction of an object by combining multiple projection views of the object at different tilt angles, image intensities are not always accurate representations of the projected object mass density, due to the effects of electron-specimen interactions and microscope lens aberrations. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanism of image formation is important for interpreting the images. The image formation for thick biological specimens has been analyzed by using both energy filtering and Ewald sphere constructions. Surprisingly, there is a significant amount of coherent transfer for our thick specimens. The relative amount of coherent transfer is correlated with the relative proportion of elastically scattered electrons using electron energy loss spectoscopy and imaging techniques.Electron-specimen interactions include single and multiple, elastic and inelastic scattering. Multiple and inelastic scattering events give rise to nonlinear imaging effects which complicates the interpretation of collected images.

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