scholarly journals Dynamic self-assembly of compartmentalized DNA nanotubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Agarwal ◽  
Melissa A. Klocke ◽  
Passa E. Pungchai ◽  
Elisa Franco
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Synthetic Cells ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Dna Nanotubes ◽  
Molecular Components

AbstractBottom-up synthetic biology aims to engineer artificial cells capable of responsive behaviors by using a minimal set of molecular components. An important challenge toward this goal is the development of programmable biomaterials that can provide active spatial organization in cell-sized compartments. Here, we demonstrate the dynamic self-assembly of nucleic acid (NA) nanotubes inside water-in-oil droplets. We develop methods to encapsulate and assemble different types of DNA nanotubes from programmable DNA monomers, and demonstrate temporal control of assembly via designed pathways of RNA production and degradation. We examine the dynamic response of encapsulated nanotube assembly and disassembly with the support of statistical analysis of droplet images. Our study provides a toolkit of methods and components to build increasingly complex and functional NA materials to mimic life-like functions in synthetic cells.

scholarly journals A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
Chenglei Fan ◽  
Lucia Petrelli ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Shed Light

The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways. This review intends to discuss the various components of the fascia and their specific roles; this will be carried out in the effort to shed light on the mechanisms by which they affect the entire network and all body systems. A clear understanding of fascial anatomy from a microscopic viewpoint can further elucidate its physiological and pathological characteristics and facilitate the identification of appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Interactions between an Associative Amphiphilic Block Polyelectrolyte and Surfactants in Water: Effect of Charge Type on Solution Properties and Aggregation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Patrizio Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solution Rheology ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
First Time

The study of interactions between polyelectrolytes (PE) and surfactants is of great interest for both fundamental and applied research. These mixtures can represent, for example, models of self-assembly and molecular organization in biological systems, but they are also relevant in industrial applications. Amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes represent an interesting class of PE, but their interactions with surfactants have not been extensively explored so far, most studies being restricted to non-associating PE. In this work, interactions between an anionic amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolyte and different types of surfactants bearing respectively negative, positive and no charge, are investigated via surface tension and solution rheology measurements for the first time. It is evidenced that the surfactants have different effects on viscosity and surface tension, depending on their charge type. Micellization of the surfactant is affected by the presence of the polymer in all cases; shear viscosity of polymer solutions decreases in presence of the same charge or nonionic surfactants, while the opposite charge surfactant causes precipitation. This study highlights the importance of the charge type, and the role of the associating hydrophobic block in the PE structure, on the solution behavior of the mixtures. Moreover, a possible interaction model is proposed, based on the obtained data.

2D Self-assembly and Electronic Characterization of Oxygen-Boron-Oxygen-Doped Chiral Graphene Nanoribbons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Nerea Bilbao ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Xiao-Ye Wang ◽  
Soltani Paniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Quantum Confinement ◽  
Graphene Nanoribbons ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), quasi-one-dimensional strips of graphene, exhibit a nonzero bandgap due to quantum confinement and edge effects. In the past decade, different types of GNRs with atomically precise structures...

scholarly journals Chirality, Gelation Ability and Crystal Structure: Together or Apart? Alkyl Phenyl Ethers of Glycerol as Simple LMWGs

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Bredikhin ◽  
Aidar T. Gubaidullin ◽  
Zemfira A. Bredikhina ◽  
Robert R. Fayzullin ◽  
Olga A. Lodochnikova
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chiral Recognition ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Gelators ◽  
Phenyl Ethers

Chiral recognition plays an important role in the self-assembly of soft materials, in particular supramolecular organogels formed by low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs). Out of 14 pairs of the studied racemic and enantiopure samples of alkyl-substituted phenyl ethers of glycerol, only eight enantiopure diols form the stable gels in nonane. The formation of gels from solutions was studied by polarimetry, and their degradation with the formation of xerogels was studied by the PXRD method. The revealed crystalline characteristics of all studied xerogels corresponded to those for crystalline samples of the parent gelators. In addition to those previously investigated, crystalline samples of enantiopure para-n-alkylphenyl glycerol ethers [alkyl = pentyl (5), hexyl (6), heptyl (7), octyl (8), nonyl (9)] and racemic 3-(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol (rac-14) have been examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Among 22 samples of compounds 1-14 studied by SC-XRD, seven different types of supramolecular motifs are identified, of which only two are realized in crystals of supramolecular gelators. An attempt was made to relate the ability to gel formation with the characteristics of the supramolecular motif of a potential gelling agent, and the frequency of formation of the motif, required for gelation, with the chiral characteristics of the sample.

Modeling a multi-layered blockchain framework for digital services that governments can implement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fernando Rebollar ◽  
Rocío Aldeco-Perez ◽  
Marco A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Information Security ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Electronic Network ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

The general population increasingly uses digital services, meaning services which are delivered over the internet or an electronic network, and events such as pandemics have accelerated the need of using new digital services. Governments have also increased their number of digital services, however, these digital services still lack of sufficient information security, particularly integrity. Blockchain uses cryptographic techniques that allow decentralization and increase the integrity of the information it handles, but it still has disadvantages in terms of efficiency, making it incapable of implementing some digital services where a high rate of transactions are required. In order to increase its efficient, a multi-layer proposal based on blockchain is presented. It has four layers, where each layer specializes in a different type of information and uses properties of public blockchain and private blockchain. An statistical analysis is performed and the proposal is modeled showing that it maintains and even increases the integrity of the information while preserving the efficiency of transactions. Besides, the proposal can be flexible and adapt to different types of digital services. It also considers that voluntary nodes participate in the decentralization of information making it more secure, verifiable, transparent and reliable.

Comparative Analysis of the Proteomic Profile of Cattle Hides that Produce Loose and Tight Leather using In-Gel Tryptic Digestion followed by LC-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Catherine Maidment ◽  
Meekyung Ahn ◽  
Rafea Naffa ◽  
Trevor Loo ◽  
Gillian Norris
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Type I ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Collagen Network ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
First Time

Looseness is a defect found in leather that reduces its quality by causing a wrinkly appearance in the finished product, resulting in a reduction in its value. Earlier studies on loose leather using microscopy and Raman spectroscopy reported a change in the collagen structure of loose leather. In this study, proteomics was used to investigate the possible molecular causes of looseness in the raw material, the first time such a study has been carried out. Proteins extracted from two regions of raw hide using two different methods were analysed; those taken from the distal axilla, an area prone to looseness, and those taken from the backbone which is less prone to looseness. Analyses using 1DE-LC-MS/MS showed that although the overall collagen concentration was similar in both areas of the hide, the distribution of the different types of collagen differed.  Specifically, concentrations of type I collagen, and the collagen-associated proteoglycan decorin were lower in samples taken from the distal axilla, symptomatic of a collagen network with excess space seen for these samples using confocal microscopy. This study suggests a possible link between the molecular components of raw cattle hide and looseness and more importantly between the molecular components of skin and skin defects. There is therefore potential to develop biomarkers for looseness which will enable early preventative action.

Self-assembly of the mixed systems based on cationic surfactants and different types of polyanions: The influence of structural and concentration factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 892-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Vasilieva ◽  
D.A. Samarkina ◽  
G.A. Gaynanova ◽  
S.S. Lukashenko ◽  
D.R. Gabdrakhmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Mixed Systems

Who Wins and Who Loses in the Provincial Courts of Appeal? A Statistical Analysis, 1920–1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCormick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Party Capability ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractGiven the visibility and obvious importance of judicial power in the age of the Charter, it is important to develop the conceptual vocabulary for desribing and assessing this power. One such concept that has been applied to the study of appeal courts in the United States and Great Britain is “party capability”, a theory which suggests that different types of litigant will enjoy different levels of success as both appellant and respondent. Using a data base derived from the reported decisions of the provincial courts of appeal for the second and seventh year of each decade since the 1920s, this article applies party capability theory to the performance of the highest courts of the ten provinces; comparisons are attempted across regions and across time periods, as well as with the findings of similar studies of American and British courts.

Self-assembled structures of polyhedral gold nanocrystals: shape-directive arrangement and structure-dependent plasmonic enhanced characteristics

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 57320-57326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanting Liu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Edwin Yue-Bun Pun ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plasmonic Enhancement ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Antenna Effect ◽  
Gold Nanocrystals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Assembled

Self-assembly structures of different types of polyhedral nanocrystals through drop casting method and their plasmonic enhancement characteristics and SERS performances due to the nano-antenna effect.

scholarly journals Different Types of Attacks on Block Ciphers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
System Of Nonlinear Equations ◽  
Algebraic Attack ◽  
Differential Attack ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Impossible Differential ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Truncated Differential

Cryptanalysis is a very important challenge that faces cryptographers. It has several types that should be well studied by cryptographers to be able to design cryptosystem more secure and able to resist any type of attacks. This paper introduces six types of attacks: Linear, Differential , Linear-Differential, Truncated differential Impossible differential attack and Algebraic attacks. In this paper, algebraic attack is used to formulate the substitution box(S-box) of a block cipher to system of nonlinear equations and solve this system by using a classical method called Grobner  Bases . By Solving these equations, we made algebraic attack on S-box.

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