scholarly journals Self-activating anti-infection implant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieni Fu ◽  
Weidong Zhu ◽  
Xiangmei Liu ◽  
Chunyong Liang ◽  
Yufeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Aerobic Respiration ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
E Coli

AbstractClinically, it is difficult to endow implants with excellent osteogenic ability and antibacterial activity simultaneously. Herein, the self-activating implants modified with hydroxyapatite (HA)/MoS2 coating are designed to prevent Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections and accelerate bone regeneration simultaneously. The electron transfer between bacteria and HA/MoS2 is triggered when bacteria contacted with the material. RNA sequencing data reveals that the expression level of anaerobic respiration–related genes is up-regulated and the expression level of aerobic respiration–related genes is down-regulated when bacteria adhere to the implants. HA/MoS2 presents a highly effective antibacterial efficacy against both S. aureus and E. coli because of bacterial respiration–activated metabolic pathway changes. Meanwhile, this coating promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by altering the potentials of cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane. The proposed strategy exhibits great potential to endow implants with self-activating anti-infection performance and osteogenic ability simultaneously.

scholarly journals Comparison of long-read sequencing technologies in interrogating bacteria and fly genomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S Tvedte ◽  
Mark Gasser ◽  
Benjamin C Sparklin ◽  
Jane Michalski ◽  
Carl E Hjelmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Drosophila Ananassae ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Long Read

Abstract The newest generation of DNA sequencing technology is highlighted by the ability to generate sequence reads hundreds of kilobases in length. Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) have pioneered competitive long read platforms, with more recent work focused on improving sequencing throughput and per-base accuracy. We used whole-genome sequencing data produced by three PacBio protocols (Sequel II CLR, Sequel II HiFi, RS II) and two ONT protocols (Rapid Sequencing and Ligation Sequencing) to compare assemblies of the bacteria Escherichia coli and the fruit fly Drosophila ananassae. In both organisms tested, Sequel II assemblies had the highest consensus accuracy, even after accounting for differences in sequencing throughput. ONT and PacBio CLR had the longest reads sequenced compared to PacBio RS II and HiFi, and genome contiguity was highest when assembling these datasets. ONT Rapid Sequencing libraries had the fewest chimeric reads in addition to superior quantification of E. coli plasmids versus ligation-based libraries. The quality of assemblies can be enhanced by adopting hybrid approaches using Illumina libraries for bacterial genome assembly or polishing eukaryotic genome assemblies, and an ONT-Illumina hybrid approach would be more cost-effective for many users. Genome-wide DNA methylation could be detected using both technologies, however ONT libraries enabled the identification of a broader range of known E. coli methyltransferase recognition motifs in addition to undocumented D. ananassae motifs. The ideal choice of long read technology may depend on several factors including the question or hypothesis under examination. No single technology outperformed others in all metrics examined.

scholarly journals Icariin promotes osteoblastic differentiation in OVX mice via MAPK signaling pathway revealed by profiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Qin Bian ◽  
Shufen Liu ◽  
Yongjian Zhao ◽  
Jianhua Huang ◽  
Ziyin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathway ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Colony Forming Unit

Objective: Icariin (ICA), an extract from epimedium, has been reported to be effective in promoting bone formation. The objective of the study is to search for the molecular targets of ICA in bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) from the mice with ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Methods: Six-month-old Imprinting Control Region (ICR) mice that underwent OVX were treated with ICA. After three months, bone mass was evaluated by microcomputed tomography, morphometry and immunohistological detection. bMSCs were isolated from the femur and tibia to observe the self-renewal and differentiation capacities using colony-forming unit fibroblastic (CFU-F), colony-forming unit adipocyte (CFU-Adipo) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. In addition, microarray of bMSCs ex vivo was measured two weeks after ICA treatment and analyzed by heatmap and pathway analysis. The signaling pathway was further explored by western blot assay and inhibitors of p38 and ERK: SB203508 and PD98059. Results: [Formula: see text]CT displayed a decrease in bone mass for three months after OVX. ICA treatment increased the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), osteoblast number while decreased osteoclast number, elevating osteocalcin (OC) protein levels in vivo and facilitating the self-renewal and osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs ex vivo. Microarray data indicated ICA rescued several gene expressions that were dysregulated by OVX. Pathway analysis revealed that the core genes acted by ICA were highly involved in MAPK signaling pathway. Further study demonstrated ICA suppressed ERK while stimulated p38 phosphorylation to promote osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Conclusion: ICA promotes osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs in OVX mice. MAPK signaling pathway might be involved in the process.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic Analysis Reveals Multiple International transmission Events Have Driven the Global Emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Franz ◽  
Ovidiu Rotariu ◽  
Bruno S Lopes ◽  
Marion MacRae ◽  
James L Bono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
International Distribution

AbstractBackgroundShiga toxin–producing Escherchia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen that causes numerous food and waterborne disease outbreaks. It is globally distributed, but its origin and the temporal sequence of its geographical spread are unknown.MethodsWe analyzed whole-genome sequencing data of 757 isolates from 4 continents, and performed a pan-genome analysis to identify the core genome and, from this, extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms. A timed phylogeographic analysis was performed on a subset of the isolates to investigate its worldwide spread.ResultsThe common ancestor of this set of isolates occurred around 1890 (1845–1925) and originated from the Netherlands. Phylogeographic analysis identified 34 major transmission events. The earliest were predominantly intercontinental, moving from Europe to Australia around 1937 (1909–1958), to the United States in 1941 (1921–1962), to Canada in 1960 (1943–1979), and from Australia to New Zealand in 1966 (1943–1982). This pre-dates the first reported human case of E. coli O157:H7, which was in 1975 from the United States.ConclusionsInter- and intra-continental transmission events have resulted in the current international distribution of E. coli O157:H7, and it is likely that these events were facilitated by animal movements (eg, Holstein Friesian cattle). These findings will inform policy on action that is crucial to reduce the further spread of E. coli O157:H7 and other (emerging) STEC strains globally.

scholarly journals Long-term durability antibacterial microcapsules with plant-derived Chinese nutgall and their applications in wound dressing

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xue ◽  
Mengxing Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Fujun Wang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Integrated Performance

AbstractWound infection is a significant burden on public health. Most present antibacterial agents are typically toxic and devoid of long-term durability. We reported an antimicrobial microcapsule with Chinese nutgall (CN) encapsulated, which was a plant-derived extraction. It is biocompatible and has been used in traditional medicine systems. Sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan worked as shells. The promise of the design is to adopt biocompatible natural polymers and electrostatic attractive chitosan and SA form stable shells to keep long-term release of CN. The results exhibited microcapsules with integrated performance of biocompatibility, long-term durability (inhibition rate of 98.99% against S. aureus after 12 h and 100% after 12 h, 99.61% against E. coli after 6 h and 100% after 12 h), high antibacterial efficacy (with S. aureus inhibition zones of 7.67 mm and E. coli inhibition zones of 5.27 mm) and ease of storage (-20°C for more than 60 h). Their successful fabrication may provide new insights into application of traditional cotton gauze in a sustainable and multifunctional form.

Alteration of the phagocytosis and antimicrobial defense of Octodonta nipae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) pupae to Escherichia coli following parasitism by Tetrastichus brontispae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
E. Meng ◽  
J. Li ◽  
B. Tang ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
T. Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
E Coli

AbstractAlthough parasites and microbial pathogens are both detrimental to insects, little information is currently available on the mechanism involved in how parasitized hosts balance their immune responses to defend against microbial infections. We addressed this in the present study by comparing the immune response between unparasitized and parasitized pupae of the chrysomelid beetle, Octodonta nipae (Maulik), to Escherichia coli invasion. In an in vivo survival assay, a markedly reduced number of E. coli colony-forming units per microliter was detected in parasitized pupae at 12 and 24 h post-parasitism, together with decreased phagocytosis and enhanced bactericidal activity at 12 h post-parasitism. The effects that parasitism had on the mRNA expression level of selected antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of O. nipae pupae showed that nearly all transcripts of AMPs examined were highly upregulated during the early and late parasitism stages except defensin 2B, whose mRNA expression level was downregulated at 24 h post-parasitism. Further elucidation on the main maternal fluids responsible for alteration of the primary immune response against E. coli showed that ovarian fluid increased phagocytosis at 48 h post-injection. These results indicated that the enhanced degradation of E. coli in parasitized pupae resulted mainly from the elevated bactericidal activity without observing the increased transcripts of target AMPs. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune responses of a parasitized host to bacterial infections.

scholarly journals The usual anaerobic bacterial suspects extracted from a global metagenomic database of Covid19 patients from Peru, Cambodia, China, Brazil and the US - Prevotella, Veillonella, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Oribacterium and Bacteroides should be monitored for colonization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Heme Binding ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hemoglobin Degradation ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Different Parts

The Covid19 pandemic [1], triggered by novel strain of a coronavirus SARS-Cov2 [2] has spread globally like a wildfire [3] after being first detected in Wuhan.Previous studies from China, Brazil and the US:Previously, several sequencing datasets - some of them published [4–9], others having sequencing data sub- mitted in NCBI (with no associated publications) [10–13] - have revealed the metagenome in these patients from different parts of the world. The overwhelming presence of anaerobic bacteria (very low concentration of oxygen kills them) in these patients has led to the theory that antibiotics (like doxycycline/Metronidazole) targeting these specific organisms may provide better clinical results [14].Two more studies added - patients from Peru and Cambodia:Here, two more studies from Peru (Table 1) and Cambodia (Table 2) provide further corroboration to the anaerobic bacteria theory. These anaerobic bacteria have virtually colonized the metagenome - pushing other aerobic species out of the niche, disrupting the homeostasis. Around 30% and 23% of the reads from Peru and Cambodia are bacterial, respectively. This is not observed in other patients, even when having chronic issues [15].Common opportunistic anaerobic bacteria in this global metagenomic Covid19 datasetHere, I enumerate common opportunistic anaerobic bacteria present in this global metagenomic Covid19 dataset (Table 3). Any or multiple of these might become the main colonizer after SARS-Cov2 infection in Covid19. The trigger of such an event is still elusive. However, once this happens, some of these bacte- ria express hemoglobin degrading proteins [16], heme-binding proteins sequestering heme after hemoglobin degradation [17], ‘plundering‘ iron, and thereby sequestering oxygen [18]. Hypoxia could also result from formate, the by-product of anaerobic respiration, which inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, causing hypoxia at the cellular level [19].

BaeR participates in cephalosporins susceptibility by regulating the expression level of outer membrane proteins in Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaiyang Wang ◽  
Chunbo You ◽  
Fareed Qumar Memon ◽  
Geyin Zhang ◽  
Yawei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
E Coli

Abstract The two-component system BaeSR participates in antibiotics resistance of Escherichia coli. To know whether the outer membrane proteins involve in the antibiotics resistance mediated by BaeSR, deletion of acrB was constructed and the recombined plasmid p-baeR was introduced into E. coli K12 and K12△acrB. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibacterial agents were determined by 2-fold broth micro-dilution method. Gene expressions related with major outer membrane proteins and multidrug efflux pump-related genes were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the MICs of K12ΔacrB to the tested drugs except for gentamycin and amikacin decreased 2- to 16.75-folds compared with those of K12. When BaeR was overexpressed, the MICs of K12ΔacrB/p-baeR to ceftiofur and cefotaxime increased 2.5- and 2-fold, respectively, compared with their corresponding that of K12△acrB. At the same time, the expression levels of ompC, ompF, ompW, ompA and ompX showed significant reduction in K12ΔacrB/p-baeR as compared with K12△acrB. Moreover, the expression levels of ompR, marA, rob and tolC also significantly ‘decreased’ in K12ΔacrB/p-baeR. These findings indicated that BaeR overproduction can decrease cephalosporins susceptibility in acrB-free E. coli by decreasing the expression level of outer membrane proteins.

scholarly journals A Novel Weissella cibaria Strain UTNGt21O Isolated from Wild Solanum quitoense Fruit: Genome Sequence and Characterization of a Peptide with Highly Inhibitory Potential toward Gram-Negative Bacteria

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Gabriela N. Tenea ◽  
Pamela Hurtado ◽  
Clara Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Weissella Cibaria

A novel Weissella cibaria strain UTNGt21O from the fruit of the Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) shrub produces a peptide that inhibits the growth of both Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ATCC51741 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 at different stages. A total of 31 contigs were assembled, with a total length of 1,924,087 bases, 20 contig hits match the core genome of different groups within Weissella, while for 11 contigs no match was found in the database. The GT content was 39.53% and the genome repeats sequences constitute around 186,760 bases of the assembly. The UTNGt21O matches the W. cibaria genome with 83% identity and no gaps (0). The sequencing data were deposited in the NCBI Database (BioProject accessions: PRJNA639289). The antibacterial activity and interaction mechanism of the peptide UTNGt21O on target bacteria were investigated by analyzing the growth, integrity, and morphology of the bacterial cells following treatment with different concentrations (1×, 1.5× and 2× MIC) of the peptide applied alone or in combination with chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at 20 mM. The results indicated a bacteriolytic effect at both early and late target growth at 3 h of incubation and total cell death at 6 h when EDTA was co-inoculated with the peptide. Based on BAGEL 4 (Bacteriocin Genome Mining Tool) a putative bacteriocin having 33.4% sequence similarity to enterolysin A was detected within the contig 12. The interaction between the peptide UTNGt21O and the target strains caused permeability in a dose-, time- response manner, with Salmonella (3200 AU/mL) more susceptible than E. coli (6400 AU/mL). The results indicated that UTNGt21O may damage the integrity of the cell target, leading to release of cytoplasmic components followed by cell death. Differences in membrane shape changes in target cells treated with different doses of peptide were observed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Spheroplasts with spherical shapes were detected in Salmonella while larger shaped spheroplasts with thicker and deformed membranes along with filamentous cells were observed in E. coli upon the treatment with the UTNGt21O peptide. These results indicate the promising potential of the putative bacteriocin released by the novel W. cibaria strain UTNGt21O to be further tested as a new antimicrobial substance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document