scholarly journals Materials information and mechanical response of TRIP/TWIP Ti alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Nik Petrinic
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Energy Domain ◽  
Engineering Alloys

AbstractMaterials innovation calls for an integrated framework combining physics-based modelling and data-driven informatics. A dislocation-based constitutive model accounting for both transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) was built to interpret the mechanical characteristics of metastable titanium alloys. Particular attention was placed on quantitatively understanding the composition-sensitive phase stability and its influence on the underlying deformation mechanism. For this purpose, a pseudoelastic force balance incorporating thermodynamics and micromechanics was applied to calculate the energy landscapes of β → α″ martensitic transformation, {332}〈113〉 twinning and dislocation slip. Extensive material data were probed, computed and fed to the model. Our results revealed that TRIP and TWIP may operate simultaneously because of the presence of a noticeably overlapped energy domain, and confirmed {332}〈113〉 twinning is an energetically favourable deformation mechanism. The model validation further unveiled that the activation of β → α″ transition remarkably enhances the strain-hardening and plasticity, even though the dynamically formed α″ volume fraction is much less than that of deformation twinning. Our work suggests that the synchronised physical metallurgy and data-driven strategy allows to identify the compositional scenarios for developing high-performance engineering alloys.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Intelligent 3D Surface Measurement in Smart Manufacturing: Review and Outlook

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Yuhang Yang ◽  
Zhiqiao Dong ◽  
Yuquan Meng ◽  
Chenhui Shao
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Surface

High-fidelity characterization and effective monitoring of spatial and spatiotemporal processes are crucial for high-performance quality control of many manufacturing processes and systems in the era of smart manufacturing. Although the recent development in measurement technologies has made it possible to acquire high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) surface measurement data, it is generally expensive and time-consuming to use such technologies in real-world production settings. Data-driven approaches that stem from statistics and machine learning can potentially enable intelligent, cost-effective surface measurement and thus allow manufacturers to use high-resolution surface data for better decision-making without introducing substantial production cost induced by data acquisition. Among these methods, spatial and spatiotemporal interpolation techniques can draw inferences about unmeasured locations on a surface using the measurement of other locations, thus decreasing the measurement cost and time. However, interpolation methods are very sensitive to the availability of measurement data, and their performances largely depend on the measurement scheme or the sampling design, i.e., how to allocate measurement efforts. As such, sampling design is considered to be another important field that enables intelligent surface measurement. This paper reviews and summarizes the state-of-the-art research in interpolation and sampling design for surface measurement in varied manufacturing applications. Research gaps and future research directions are also identified and can serve as a fundamental guideline to industrial practitioners and researchers for future studies in these areas.

scholarly journals Estimating the phase volume fraction of multi-phase steel via unsupervised deep learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Wook Kim ◽  
Seong-Hoon Kang ◽  
Se-Jong Kim ◽  
Seungchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Phase Fraction ◽  
Phase Volume ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Multi Phase

AbstractAdvanced high strength steel (AHSS) is a steel of multi-phase microstructure that is processed under several conditions to meet the current high-performance requirements from the industry. Deep neural network (DNN) has emerged as a promising tool in materials science for the task of estimating the phase volume fraction of these steels. Despite its advantages, one of its major drawbacks is its requirement of a sufficient amount of training data with correct labels to the network. This often comes as a challenge in many areas where obtaining data and labeling it is extremely labor-intensive. To overcome this challenge, an unsupervised way of learning DNN, which does not require any manual labeling, is proposed. Information maximizing generative adversarial network (InfoGAN) is used to learn the underlying probability distribution of each phase and generate realistic sample points with class labels. Then, the generated data is used for training an MLP classifier, which in turn predicts the labels for the original dataset. The result shows a mean relative error of 4.53% at most, while it can be as low as 0.73%, which implies the estimated phase fraction closely matches the true phase fraction. This presents the high feasibility of using the proposed methodology for fast and precise estimation of phase volume fraction in both industry and academia.

Joining between Ceramics and Metal in Composite Pipes Fabricated by the SHS Metallurgical Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 887-890
Author(s):  
Zhong Min Zhao ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Jian Jiang Wang ◽  
Shi Yan ◽  
Jin Rong Cao
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallurgical Process ◽  
Ni Powder ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Composite Pipes

The design on joining of metal and ceramics in composite pipes fabricated by the SHS metallurgical process is carried on with adding (TiO2 +Al+C+Ni) subsystem in(CrO3+Al) system, and the composite pipes with three-layer structure of steel substrate, intermediate alloy and lined ceramics are fabricated with low cost and high performance. Combustion determination and mechanical test indicate that adding suitable amount of Ni powder in combustion system rather than (NiO+Al) subsystem can cause combustion behavior of a whole system and volume fraction of the carbides to be controlled easily, and is beneficial to improve joining of the intermediate alloy and steel substrate, causing compression strength and compression shear strength of the composite pipes to be increased greatly.

An advanced geometrical model for laminated woven fabrics using Lamé exponents with enhanced accuracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1443-1455
Author(s):  
Mike Mühlstädt ◽  
Wolfgang Seifert ◽  
Matthias ML Arras ◽  
Stefan Maenz ◽  
Klaus D Jandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
Microscopy Images

Three-dimensional stiffness tensors of laminated woven fabrics used in high-performance composites need precise prediction. To enhance the accuracy in three-dimensional stiffness tensor prediction, the fabric’s architecture must be precisely modeled. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) an advanced geometrical model describes the meso-level structure of different fabrics with a precision higher than established models, (ii) the deviation between predicted and experimentally determined mean fiber-volume fraction ( cf) of laminates is below 5%. Laminates of different cf and fabrics were manufactured by resin transfer molding. The laminates’ meso-level structure was determined by analyzing scanning electron microscopy images. The prediction of the laminates’ cf was improved by up to 5.1 vol% ([Formula: see text]%) compared to established models. The effect of the advanced geometrical model on the prediction of the laminate’s in-plane stiffness was shown by applying a simple mechanical model. Applying an advanced geometrical model may lead to more accurate simulations of parts for example in automotive and aircraft.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Aspects of Two High-Manganese Steels with TWIP/TRIP Effects: A Comparative Study

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Matías Bordone ◽  
Juan Perez-Ipiña ◽  
Raúl Bolmaro ◽  
Alfredo Artigas ◽  
Alberto Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Ε Martensite ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Manganese Steels

This article is focused on the mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructural changes observed in two high-manganese steels presenting twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), namely Steel B and Steel C, respectively. Chemical compositions were similar in manganese, but carbon content of Steel B approximately doubles Steel C, which directly impacted on the stacking fault energy (SFE), microstructure and mechanical response of each alloy. Characterization of as-cast condition by optical microscope revealed a fully austenitic microstructure in Steel B and a mixed microstructure in Steel C consisting of austenite grains and thermal-induced (εt) martensite platelets. Same phases were observed after the thermo-mechanical treatment and tensile tests, corroborated by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), which confirms no phase transformation in Steel B and TRIP effect in Steel C, due to the strain-induced γFCC→εHCP transformation that results in an increase in the ε-martensite volume fraction. Higher values of ultimate tensile strength, yield stress, ductility and impact toughness were obtained for Steel B. Significant microstructural changes were revealed in tensile specimens as a consequence of the operating hardening mechanisms. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations on the tensile and impact test specimens showed differences in fracture micro-mechanisms.

Optimal Data-Driven Modeling-Free Differential-Inversion-Based Iterative Control: A Wafer Stage Example

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zezhou Zhang ◽  
Qingze Zou
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Random Disturbances ◽  
Noise Disturbances ◽  
Data Driven Modeling ◽  
Iterative Control

Abstract In this paper, an optimal data-driven modeling-free differential-inversion-based iterative control (OMFDIIC) method is proposed for both high performance and robustness in the presence of random disturbances. Achieving high accuracy and fast convergence is challenging as the system dynamics behaviors vary due to the external uncertainties and the system bandwidth is limited. The aim of the proposed method is to compensate for the dynamics effect without modeling process and achieve both high accuracy and robust convergence, by extending the existed modeling-free differential-inversion-based iterative control (MFDIIC) method through a frequency- and iteration-dependent gain. The convergence of the OMFDIIC method is analyzed with random noise/disturbances considered. The developed method is applied to a wafer stage, and shows a significant improvement in the performance.

Double-Sided Microchannel Cooling of a Power Electronics Module Using Power Overlay

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G. Pautsch ◽  
Arun Gowda ◽  
Ljubisa Stevanovic ◽  
Rich Beaupre
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Performance Technology ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Microchannel Cooling

In the continuing effort to alleviate the increasing thermal loads for power electronics devices, numerous aggressive solutions have been developed, such as small-scale micro-channel heat exchangers. Although these methods can improve overall surface heat transfer to the order of 500 W cm−2, they are limited to single-sided cooling due to the typical wire-bonded electrical connections of the devices. Power overlay (POL) technology provides a stable planar structure for electrical connection, as well as attachment of an additional top-side heat exchanger. This study presents an analysis of double-sided microchannel cooling of a power electronics module. Two optimized, integral micro-channel heat sinks were attached above and below silicon power devices, with more traditional attachment on one side and a POL interface on the other. A compliant TIM was selected for low thermal resistance and good mechanical response, which allowed top-side connection to the POL surface. A theoretical model is presented that predicts the benefit of double-sided cooling based on the known performance of a single-sided heat sink and given addition thermal contact resistance for the top side. For microchannels with water, an enhancement of 26% was predicted. An experiment was also carried out to measure the actual performance benefit seen with double-sided cooling. An enhancement of over 30% was measured for a particular design. As the theory predicts, the benefit of double-sided cooling is limited for high performance designs. However, double-sided cooling could lead to high levels of thermal performance using low-performance technology.

scholarly journals Creep Behaviour and Microstructural Characterization of VAT 36 and VAT 32 Superalloys

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner Gobbi ◽  
Silvio Gobbi ◽  
Danieli Reis ◽  
Jorge Ferreira ◽  
José Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Superalloys are used primarily for the aerospace, automotive, and petrochemical industries. These applications require materials with high creep resistance. In this work, evaluation of creep resistance and microstructural characterization were carried out at two new nickel intermediate content alloys for application in aerospace industry and in high performance valves for automotive applications (alloys VAT 32 and VAT 36). The alloys are based on a high nickel chromium austenitic matrix with dispersion of intermetallic L12 and phases containing different (Nb,Ti)C carbides. Creep tests were performed at constant load, in the temperature range of 675–750 °C and stress range of 500–600 MPa. Microstructural characterization and failure analysis of fractured surfaces of crept samples were carried out with optical and scanning electron microscopy with EDS. Phases were identified by Rietveld refinement. The results showed that the superalloy VAT 32 has higher creep resistance than the VAT 36. The superior creep resistance of the alloy VAT 32 is related to its higher fraction of carbides (Nb,Ti)C and intermetallic L12 provided by the amount of carbon, titanium, and niobium in its chemical composition and subsequent heat treatment. During creep deformation these precipitates produce anchoring effect of grain boundaries, hindering relative slide between grains and therefore inhibiting crack formation. These volume defects act also as obstacles to dislocation slip and climb, decreasing the creep rate. Failure analysis of surface fractures of crept samples showed intergranular failure mechanism at crack origin for both alloys VAT 36 and VAT 32. Intergranular fracture involves nucleation, growth, and subsequent binding of voids. The final fractured portion showed transgranular ductile failure, with dimples of different shapes, generated by the formation and coalescence of microcavities with dissimilar shape and sizes. The occurrence of a given creep mechanism depends on the test conditions. At creep tests of VAT 32 and VAT 36, for lower stresses and higher temperature, possible dislocation climb over carbides and precipitates would prevail. For higher stresses and intermediate temperatures shear mechanisms involving stacking faults presumably occur over a wide range of experimental conditions.

Architectural changes of trabecular bone caused by the remodeling process

2005 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Weinkamer ◽  
Markus A. Hartmann ◽  
Yves Brechet ◽  
Peter Fratzl
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Problem ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Trabecular Bone Architecture

AbstractUsing a stochastic lattice model we have studied the architectural changes of trabecular bone occurring while the structure is remodeled. Our model considers the mechanical feedback loop, which control the remodeling process. A fast algorithm was employed to solve approximately the mechanical problem. A general feature of the model is that a networklike structure emerges, which further coarsens while the bone volume fraction remains unchanged. Decreasing the mechanical response of the system by either lowering the external load or the internal mechano-sensitivity leads not only to a reduction of the bone volume fraction, but results in topological changes of the trabecular bone architecture, where the loss of horizontal trabeculae is the most obvious effect.

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