scholarly journals The SCOC database, a large, open, and global database with sediment community oxygen consumption rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Stratmann ◽  
Karline Soetaert ◽  
Chih-Lin Wei ◽  
Yu-Shih Lin ◽  
Dick van Oevelen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) rates provide important information about biogeochemical processes in marine sediments and the activity of benthic microorganisms and fauna. Therefore, several databases of SCOC data have been compiled since the mid-1990s. However, these earlier databases contained much less data records and were not freely available. Additionally, the databases were not transparent in their selection procedure, so that other researchers could not assess the quality of the data. Here, we present the largest, best documented, and freely available database of SCOC data compiled to date. The database is comprised of 3,540 georeferenced SCOC records from 230 studies that were selected following the procedure for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Each data record states whether the oxygen consumption was measured ex situ or in situ, as total oxygen uptake, diffusive or advective oxygen uptake, and which measurement device was used. The database will be curated and updated annually to secure and maintain an up-to-date global database of SCOC data.

In-Situ Observation of Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin Sige Films by Optical Reflection Interferometry

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ritter ◽  
B. Tillack ◽  
M. Weidner ◽  
F. G. Böbel ◽  
B. Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Optical Reflection ◽  
Initial Stage

AbstractChemical Vapor Deposition of Si1-x Gex – films on Si (100) and of polycrystalline Si1-x Gex, layers on SiO2 – coated substrates have been performed at a pressure of 200 Pa in the temperature range of 500°C – 800°C, correspondingly. To observe the growth process and to characterize the growing thin films at deposition conditions an optical reflection interferometer (PYRITIERS) has been used. Comparing the data obtained at growth temperature with ex- situ measurements by spectroscopic ellipsometry the temperature dependence of optical constants of SiGe films have been evaluated. The reflectivity measurements during the deposition process allow to study the quality of the heteroepitaxial film, even in the initial stage of epitaxial growth.

scholarly journals Hygienic quality of public natural swimming pools (NSP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Stefan Bruns ◽  
Christina Peppler
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
External Water ◽  
Log Steps ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Natural swimming pools (NSP) have become more popular in the past 20 years, both for private and public use, but their hygienic status remains a matter of discussion. Elimination rates in NSP are well defined for Escherichia coli, enterococci and Pseudomonas but a lack of knowledge exists regarding elimination rates in NSP concerning the parasitic protozoans Giardia and Cryptosporidium. First studies indicate that in-situ zooplankton filtration proved to reduce these protozoans efficiently: the in-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium is dependent on the population of zooplankton. In the 50% percentile the elimination rate is four times faster than in the chlorinated pool. The ex-situ elimination of Cryptosporidium in an NSP is approximately 10% faster than in a chlorinated pool. In ex-situ treatment of NSP the elimination rate reached 2 log-steps versus 1 log-step in chlorinated pools. For the further development of NSP for the best possible hygiene and health status some elementary questions, stated in this paper, will have to be solved in the next years or decades. This work describes the in-situ (water treatment inside the pool) and ex-situ water treatment (water treatment via external water treatment plants) of NSP, and the influence of zooplankton in existing NSP on the elimination rate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia.

Oxygen consumption by eggs of the grubby, Myoxocephalus aenaeus, and the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Walsh ◽  
William A. Lund Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Longhorn Sculpin

Oxygen consumption rates of individual eggs of the grubby, Myoxocephalus aenaeus, and the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus, were determined by microrespirometry. Eggs of both species were incubated in temperature – salinity combinations (grubby: in 2, 5, 8 °C at 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 parts per thousand (ppt); longhorn sculpin: in 2, 5, 8 °C at 15, 17.5, 20, 25, 30, 35 ppt) to determine the effects of these abiotic factors and development on oxygen consumption rates. Respiration rates of eggs of both species were not affected significantly by constant salinities. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the natural logarithms of oxygen uptake rates increased linearly with the temperature – age (in hours after fertilization) interaction and parabolically with age in both species. Oxygen consumption rates increased at hatching. Acute salinity changes did not affect embryonic oxygen consumption by either species. An acute temperature increase, however, elicited increased oxygen uptake by longhorn sculpin embryos (Q10 = 2.56).

scholarly journals Relative Importance of H2 and H2S as Energy Sources for Primary Production in Geothermal Springs

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (18) ◽  
pp. 5802-5808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D'Imperio ◽  
Corinne R. Lehr ◽  
Harry Oduro ◽  
Greg Druschel ◽  
Michael Kühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Consumption Rates

ABSTRACT Geothermal waters contain numerous potential electron donors capable of supporting chemolithotrophy-based primary production. Thermodynamic predictions of energy yields for specific electron donor and acceptor pairs in such systems are available, although direct assessments of these predictions are rare. This study assessed the relative importance of dissolved H2 and H2S as energy sources for the support of chemolithotrophic metabolism in an acidic geothermal spring in Yellowstone National Park. H2S and H2 concentration gradients were observed in the outflow channel, and vertical H2S and O2 gradients were evident within the microbial mat. H2S levels and microbial consumption rates were approximately three orders of magnitude greater than those of H2. Hydrogenobaculum-like organisms dominated the bacterial component of the microbial community, and isolates representing three distinct 16S rRNA gene phylotypes (phylotype = 100% identity) were isolated and characterized. Within a phylotype, O2 requirements varied, as did energy source utilization: some isolates could grow only with H2S, some only with H2, while others could utilize either as an energy source. These metabolic phenotypes were consistent with in situ geochemical conditions measured using aqueous chemical analysis and in-field measurements made by using gas chromatography and microelectrodes. Pure-culture experiments with an isolate that could utilize H2S and H2 and that represented the dominant phylotype (70% of the PCR clones) showed that H2S and H2 were used simultaneously, without evidence of induction or catabolite repression, and at relative rate differences comparable to those measured in ex situ field assays. Under in situ-relevant concentrations, growth of this isolate with H2S was better than that with H2. The major conclusions drawn from this study are that phylogeny may not necessarily be reliable for predicting physiology and that H2S can dominate over H2 as an energy source in terms of availability, apparent in situ consumption rates, and growth-supporting energy.

scholarly journals Advanced techniques of conservation and cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5th) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Kulkarni ◽  
Dr.Renuka Shahaji Pawar ◽  
Ruchita Raghunath Kudale
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Since ancient times, various plants are being traditionally used, as medicine throughout the world. These plants are cultivated as well as collected from wild. Some important medicinal plants, which have source of wild, are difficult for collection. The best way to provide the plants needed for medicinal purposes is to cultivated rather than collecting them from wild. Now a days, some medicinal species are in risk of disappearing due to man-made and natural calamities. So there is need of conservation of medicinal plants to  maintain  sustainable development  by  protecting  and  using  biological resources  in  ways  that  do  not  diminish  the  world’s variety  of  genes , species, habitats  and  ecosystems. Medicinal plants can be cultivated by cutting, layering, grafting and budding and conservation mainly included activities like collection, propagation, characterization, evaluation and eradication,  storage  and  division. On the other hand, some modern techniques have been also established for the better growth and maintenance of medicinal plants such as In-Situ & Ex-Situ conservation, Germplasm technique, cryopreserpation technique, tissue culture technique. This review gives information about various cultivation methods to reduces misidentification and adulteration of medicinal herbs and also shows importance of modern techniques of conservation, management and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants for human health care. This information will definitely useful for quality of herbal medicinal products and reduced uncertain therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Kualitas dan distribusi spasial karakteristik fisika-kimia Sungai Siak di Kota Pekanbaru

DEPIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Luri Anita Vanri ◽  
Adriman Adriman ◽  
Muhammad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Main Factor

Siak River is one of the biggest rivers and the deepest in Riau Province in Indonesia with its 20-30 depth and depth 370 kilometers. The Siak River used for bathing, washing, dumping industrial palm oil, plantation, domestic waste, and port so it has an impact on water quality changing. This study analyzed the water quality and distribution spatial physical and chemical parameters the river around in Pekanbaru city, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study used laboratory in situ and ex situ water quality measurement instruments. Water sampling each station done three times in two weeks during October to November 2019. The results obtained from this study shows the water quality of these 6 stations in the category of bad and the water quality from headwaters to downstream river influenced by organic parameter as a dominant pollutant. The correlation of water quality characteristic was 74.4% main factor 1 (F1) 47.4% and main factor 2 (F2) 26.7% with main characteristics fecal coliform, phosphate, and nitrate. Grouping these characteristics through a dendrogram showed three levels of relationship based on the characteristic parameter. The first group stands for station 1,2, and 4 have higher brightness and Dissolved oxygen (DO) parameters than other stations. The second group stands for stations 3 and 5 that have relatively high in parameter phosphate and nitrate. The third group is station 6 (river estuary) which results in shows high of fecal coliform proportional to pollution. The study can be concluded that three groups heavily contaminated. Each group has different parameters that show influence upland and waters activities.Keywords: Distribution of spatial, The quality of water, Siak River, Physical and Chemical Parameters, PCA ABSTRAKSungai Siak merupakan salah satu sungai terbesar di Provinsi Riau dan terdalam di Indonesia, dengan kedalaman sekitar 20-30 meter dan panjang 300 kilometer. Sungai siak masih dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK), tempat buangan limbah industri kelapa sawit, perkebunan, rumah tangga dan pelabuhan, sehingga berdampak pada perubahan kualitas perairan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisa kualitas dan distribusi spasial karateristik fisik-kimia perairan Sungai Siak di sekitar Kota Pekanbaru, dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Kajian menggunakan instrument pengukuran kualitas air in situ dan ex situ di laboratorium. Pengambilan sampel air pada masing-masing stasiun dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali setiap dua minggu selama bulan Oktober hingga November 2019. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah kualitas air di keenam stasiun masuk dalam katagori buruk dan mengalami penurunan kualitas dari hulu ke hilir yang disebabkan bahan organik. Korelasi karakteristik kualitas air sebesar 74,3%, faktor utama 1 (F1)  47,4% dan faktor utama 2 (F2) 26,7% dengan penciri utama fecal coliform, fosfat dan nitrat. Pengelompokan stasiun pada dendogram klarifikasi hierarki menunjukkan adanya tiga tingkat hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan parameter pencirinya. Kelompok satu terdiri dari stasiun 1, 2 dan 4 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada parameter kecerahan dan oksigen terlarut (DO) dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok dua terdiri dari stasiun 3 dan 5 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada paramter nitrat dan fosfat dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok tiga adalah stasiun 6 (muara sungai sail) dengan parameter fecal coliform relatif tinggi yang berbanding lurus dengan tingkat pencemarannya. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tiga kelompok sama-sama tercemar berat, namun masing-masing kelompok memiliki perbedaan parameter pencirinya yang memperlihatkan pengaruh berbagai aktifitas di darat maupun di perairan itu sendiri.Kata kunci: Distribusi spasial, Kualitas air, Sungai Siak, Parameter fisika dan kimia, PCA

Formation of Device Quality Si/SiO2 Interfaces in a Multichamber Integrated Processing System

1989 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Kim ◽  
D.V. Tsu ◽  
G. Lucovsky ◽  
G.G. Fountain ◽  
R.J. Markunas
Keyword(s):  
Processing System ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Oxide Deposition ◽  
Integrated Processing ◽  
Thickness Independent

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the key process steps in the low temperature, <300ºC, formation of device quality Si/SiO2 interfaces employing oxide deposition by Remote Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor-Deposition (Remote PECVD). The quality of the Si/SiO2 interface correlates with the degree of surface reconstruction that is controlled by ex-situ wet cleaning and in-situ Rapid Flash Heating. Electronic properties of the MOS structure also vary with the deposited oxide thickness, independent of the initial surface quality.

A Method for Measuring in Situ Oxygen Consumption Rates of Freshwater Gastropods

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-347
Author(s):  
Curt L. Elderkin ◽  
Daniel W. Schneider ◽  
James A. Stoeckel ◽  
Dianna K. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Consumption Rates

Quantifying Compound Aging Resistance at Service (Ambient) Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Edward R. Terrill ◽  
James T. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Oxygen consumption rates were measured on natural rubber compounds with varying levels of a standard antioxidant package. The oxygen consumption rate measurements were performed at temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C. The results elucidated the mechanism of antioxidants, including their pro-oxidant effects. The pro-oxidant effect dwindled with time. Integrated oxygen uptake results were calculated from repetitive oxygen consumption rate measurements. Integrated oxygen uptake time temperature master curves with empirical shift factors were combined with elongation-tobreak data to monitor the extent of aging. The stability of the compounds at service life temperatures could be quantified by combining the integrated oxygen uptake shift factors with the tensile elongation-to-break data; thereby to produce an elongation-to-break master curve at service life temperatures.

Oxygen Consumption as a Measure of Oil Impacted Soil Treatability

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd E. Deuel ◽  
George H. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Microcosm Studies

We know petroleum hydrocarbons degrade in soil via chemical, physical, and biological pathways. Innovative remediation technologies enhance degradation by one or more pathways e.g., in-situ and ex-situ. The typical goal of degradation is to achieve the applicable regulatory criteria. Some, State Agencies, e.g., Louisiana, Texas, require oil total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination levels be reduced to ≤10,000 mg/kg. However, other agencies, e.g., New Mexico and California, require oil contamination levels reduced to <1,000 mg/kg. Even 100 mg/kg is not uncommon, e.g., Los Angeles, County, CA. Microbial populations and substrate availability often limit biodegradation at petroleum hydrocarbon levels <1,000 mg/kg. Conventional laboratory biodegradation microcosm studies require an inordinate amount of time to evaluate petroleum hydrocarbon treatability (as measured by loss of analyte) and even more time to optimize treatment parameters that facilitate or improve kinetics (lower half-life values). Two studies discussed here demonstrate the utility of oxygen consumption respirometry in evaluating oil impacted soil treatability. In the first study, oxygen consumption rates were measured after a 1-week incubation period at varying TPH levels (5800 and 1000 mg/kg), carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios (100:1 and 25:1), and manure content (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 percent). Results showed TPH and C:N ratios significant at < 1 percent level and manure significant at < 5 percent level. The second study, a longer-term study (132 day) showed oxygen consumption resulted from degradation of gasoline range (GRO) and diesel range (DRO) fractions of TPH. These studies provide a means of evaluating treatability of low concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon and a method for assessing treatment options that are passive in nature, but less destructive to the environment.

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