scholarly journals Regional and sex differences in retinal detachment surgery: Japan-retinal detachment registry report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoh Funatsu ◽  
Hiroto Terasaki ◽  
Taiji Sakamoto ◽  
Shuichi Yamamoto ◽  
Takayuki Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Early Surgery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Air Tamponade ◽  
Japanese Regions ◽  
Registry Report ◽  
To Receive

AbstractIt is known that social factors affect the choice of treatments, and special attention has been paid to sex differences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether regional and sex differences exist in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). We used Japan-RD Registry database of 2523 patients aged ≥ 40 years between February 2016 and March 2017 in 5 Japanese regions. Regional differences of patients’ perioperative factors were analyzed. The factors affecting the proportion of patients who underwent surgery within one week of the onset, defined as early-surgery, were examined by logistic regression. We observed regional differences in perioperative factors, especially in the use of phacovitrectomy, general anesthesia, and air-tamponade, which was higher in certain regions. (Fisher’s exact test, all P = 0.012) The proportion of early-surgery was significantly higher among men in Kyushu region (Odds ratio (OR) 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–3.12; P = 0.02), and it was also significantly higher after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.06–3.42; P = 0.02). Regional and sex differences exist in the treatment of RD in Japan. Although there was no significant differences in the anatomical outcomes, women in certain regions of Japan are less likely to receive early surgical intervention for RD.

Clinical trials — the personal perspective of the research physician?

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Egorova ◽  
Irina A. Shuvalova ◽  
Olga I. Zvonareva ◽  
Igor D. Pimenov ◽  
Olga S. Kobyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
To Receive

Background. The organization of clinical trials (CTs) requires the participation and coordination of healthcare providers, patients, public and private parties. Obstacles to the participation of any of these groups pose a risk of lowering the potential for the implementation of CTs. Researchers are a key human resource in conducting of CT. Their motivation for participation can have a significant impact on the recruitment and retention of patients, on the quality of the data collected, which determines the overall outcome of the study. Aims to assess the factors affecting the inclusion of Russian physicians-researchers in CT, and to determine their role in relations with patients-participants. Materials and methods. The study was organized as a part of the Russian multicenter face-to-face study. A survey was conducted of researchers from 10 cities of Russia (20172018). The participation in the survey for doctors was anonymous and voluntary. Results. The study involved 78 respondents. Most research doctors highly value the importance of research for science (4,84 0,39), society (4,67 0,46) and slightly lower for participating patients (4,44 0,61). The expectations of medical researchers are related to improving their financial situation and attaining new experience (n = 14; 18,18%). However, the opportunity to work with new technologies of treatment and diagnosis (n = 41; 52,56%) acted as a motivating factor. According to the questionnaire, the vast majority of research doctors (n = 29; 37,18%) believe that the main reason for patients to participate in CT is to receive quality and free medical care. The most significant obstacle to the inclusion of participants in CT was the side effects of the study drug (n = 38; 48,71%). Conclusions. The potential of clinical researchers in Russia is very high. The patient-participant acts for the research doctor as the subject of the study, and not the object, so the well-being of the patient is not indifferent to the doctor. However, the features of the functioning of our health care system form the motivation of doctors-researchers (additional earnings, professional self-development) and the way they perceive the motivation of patients (CT as an opportunity to receive quality medical care).

scholarly journals Demographic, Social, Economic, and Regional Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Japan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yui Nakamine ◽  
Sunyong Eom ◽  
Hideki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Right

The transportation sector is a major contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, and the resulting climate change. The diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), is an important solution for these issues. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the ownership ratio of HEVs, particularly passenger vehicles, and the regional differences in the purchase of HEVs in Japan. This study performed a fixed-effects regression analysis with panel data for 47 prefectures during the period 2005–2015 to evaluate the factors affecting the HEV ownership ratio and conducted three cluster analyses to investigate the regional differences in diffusion in terms of price categories, body types, and drive systems of HEVs. Some demographic and social factors were found to affect the ownership ratio in Japan, whereas economic factors, including prefecture-level subsidies for purchasing HEVs, were not. Regarding regional differences, prefectures in urban areas with higher income levels tend to purchase more expensive and large-sized HEVs. These results suggest that a strategy to sell the right vehicle to the right person and region is essential for further promoting HEVs in Japan.

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics for elective neurosurgery

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Bullock ◽  
James R. van Dellen ◽  
William Ketelbey ◽  
S. Gustav Reinach
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Wound Sepsis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
To Receive

✓ In this study, 417 patients undergoing “clean” elective neurosurgical operative procedures were randomized to receive a broad-spectrum antibiotic (piperacillin) or placebo given as three perioperative doses, each 6 hours apart. Randomization was carried out by hospital pharmacists, and the investigators remained blinded until the end of the study. Twenty cases were excluded from analysis because either an unforeseen second operation was performed or antibiotic therapy was initiated within 30 days after surgery to treat infection or the risk of infection. Twelve of the 205 patients treated with placebo developed postoperative wound sepsis, and four of the 192 piperacillin-treated patients developed wound sepsis — a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Piperacillin thus appeared to reduce the incidence of neurosurgical wound infection in this study.

scholarly journals Comparison of blood plasma and gelatin solution in resuscitation of children with dengue shock syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Suryadi Nicolaas Napoleon Tatura ◽  
Novie Homenta Rampengan ◽  
Jose Meky Mandei ◽  
Ari Lukas Runtunuwu ◽  
Max FJ Mantik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Shock Rate ◽  
Gelatin Solution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
To Receive

Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is characterized bysevere vascular leakage and hemostasis disorder. It is the cause of death in 1 to 5 percent of cases. WH 0 management guidelines for resuscitation remain empirical rather than evidence-based.Objective To find out the alternative fluids to replace plasmaleakage in DSS.Methods We performed a prospective study and randomizedcomparison of plasma and gelatin solution for resuscitation ofIndonesian children with DSS. We randomly assigned 25 subjectswith DSS to receive plasma and 25 children to receive gelatinfluid. Statistical analyse were performed using chi-square test,Fisher's exact test, t test, Mann-Whitney test.Results The increment of pulse pressure width and the decrement of hematocrit in subjects treated with gelatin were higher than that of plasma atfour-hour therapy (P=0.002 and P=0.017). Only one patient died caused by unusually manifestation of DSS. The increment of body temperature in subjects treated with plasma was higher than that of gelatin at four-hour therapy (P=O.Oll). The decrement of platelet count in subjects treated with gelatin were less than that of plasma (P=0.018). The increment of diuresis rate in subjects treated with gelatin was higher than that of plasma at twenty-hour therapy (P<O.OOOl). The decrement of respiratory rate in subjects treated with gelatin was higher than that of plasmaat twenty-eight hour therapy (P=0.018). There was no differencein studied variables : total volume rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, re-shock rate, clinical fluid overload, allergy reactions, bleeding manifestations, and length of stay (P>0.05).Conclusions Gelatin solution can be used as volume replacementin resuscitation of DSS if blood plasma is not available especiallyat four-hour therapy.

scholarly journals Factors affecting general or regional anesthesia preference in patients with elective surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
Esra Adıyeke ◽  
Levent Adıyeke
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Foot Surgery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect the preference of the anesthesia method in patients who were indicated for general or regional anesthesia. Material and Methods: A descriptive questionnaire was used to evaluate the opinions of 123 patients who were planned to undergo elective surgery in the orthopedics and traumatology outpatient clinic between January 2018 and June 2019. Results: 73 women (%59) and 50 men (%41) participated in the study. The mean age was 58.62±11 years. General anesthesia was preferred in 58% of the patients. The most common reason for rejection was that the patients who preferred general anesthesia did not want to receive visual and auditory stimuli during the surgical procedure. There was a significant positive correlation between education level and regional anesthesia preference rate. There was a significant positive correlation between the regional anesthesia preference rate of patients receiving hand and foot surgery indications. Conclusion: The preference of the majority of patients was found to be general anesthesia method. Additionally, the type of surgery and education level of the patients was found to be effective in preference of the anesthesia method.

Abstract 333: AAV9 Serca2a Gene Transfer Reverses Some but Not All Electrophysiological Deficits in a Chronic Model of Congestive Heart Failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqin Xie ◽  
Jiqiu Chen ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Antoine H Chaanine ◽  
Dongtak Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Aortic Banding ◽  
Cx43 Expression ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Chronic Model ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Reactive Fibrosis

SERCA2a gene transfer (GT) to the failing heart improves it mechanical function. The electrophysiological (EP) consequences of SERCA2a GT are less clear. We investigated the EP substrate, total (t) and phosphorylated (p) Cx43 expression in a chronic model of heart failure (HF) with & without SERCA2a GT. Methods: After 2 mo of aortic banding rats underwent 30min LAD occlusion & reperfusion for another 2 mo. Rats developed widespread proliferation of reactive fibrosis in ischemic & remote zones and were randomized to receive AAV9 GFP (HF) or AAV9 SERCA2a (HF treatment) at the time of LAD occlusion/reperfusion. Hearts from normal (Sham, N=6), HF (AAV9.GFP, N=7), and HF treatment (AAV9.SERCA2a, N=9) rats were studied using optical mapping. Cx43 levels (t & p) were measured. Results: HF rats exhibited significant APD prolongation (by 50%) & CV slowing (by 30%). More importantly APD heterogeneity was increased 2.5 fold (p=0.006). The ratio of S368 p-to-t Cx43 was reduced in the ischemic zone of HF rats where SERCA2a expression was decreased (Fig). AAV9 SERCA2a GT increased SERCA2a levels in the ischemic and remote zones. Surprisingly, APD & CV were comparable (p=NS each) in HF and HF treatment groups. In contrast SERCA2a GT reduced APD heterogeneity by 30% relative to untreated rats (p=0.03), fully restored pCx43 expression to sham levels in the ischemic zone and abolished regional differences in p-to-t Cx43 (Fig). Conclusions: AAV9 SERCA2a GT reverses key EP and molecular deficits that are causally related to arrhythmias in HF. This therapy, however, fails to reverse other hallmark features of HF, which are likely dependent on widespread ion channel and structural remodeling, namely fibrosis.

23. Financial Remedies:

2015 ◽  
pp. 867-933
Author(s):  
N V Lowe ◽  
G Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The Law ◽  
Financial Arrangements ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Over 40 Years

Most of the legislation governing the financial arrangements on the ending of a marriage dates back over 40 years, when attitudes and economic and social factors affecting marriage were very different. This chapter examines courts' attempts to keep the law in step with societal changes through case-law. It considers how the orders made by the courts are enforced or altered in the light of subsequent events, and what provision can be made for spouses who are divorced abroad and may have been unable to receive appropriate financial protection in those proceedings. It concludes by discussing proposals for thoroughgoing reform of this area of law.

scholarly journals Studies on Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rate after Treatment of Anestrus Buffaloes in Chitwan District

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Navaraj Chapagain ◽  
Bhuminandan Devkota ◽  
Gokarna Gautam ◽  
Shyam Kishor Sah ◽  
Dinesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Nutritional Parameters

This study was designed to determine the effects of age, parity, feeding practice, Body Condition Score (BCS), blood nutritional parameters, types of anoestrus, and length of anoestrus on pregnancy rate of anoestrus buffaloes after their treatment with ovsynch protocol followed by fixed time artificial insemination. Blood samples were collected on the day ovsynch protocol and analyzed. The mean values of the nutritional parameters between different groups were compared by Students t test and pregnancy rate was compared by Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square test. The overall pregnancy rate in buffaloes was 28.6%, when checked on day 41 and 64.3% on day 102 of FTAI. Blood glucose, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus level was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in pregnant than in non-pregnant buffaloes. Pregnancy rate was higher in silent estrus buffaloes. Buffaloes with BCS ≥3 had higher pregnancy rate than those with BCS < 3. Similarly, pregnancy rate was higher in lactating than in non-lactating buffaloes. While young buffaloes of age <10 year responded better than old buffaloes of age ≥10 year. Buffaloes which were free from gastrointestinal parasitic infection had higher pregnancy rate. In conclusion, ovsynch protocol produces a good pregnancy in anoestrus buffaloes; however, state of true anoestrus, older age and poor BCS with poor nutritional management adversely affect the pregnancy outcome. The role of blood nutritional parameters requires further clarification. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 248-256  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document