scholarly journals Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubree Mades ◽  
Prithivi Chellamathu ◽  
Noah Kojima ◽  
Lauren Lopez ◽  
Melanie A. MacMullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Time Point

AbstractCOVID-19 mRNA vaccines are highly effective at preventing COVID-19. Prior studies have found detectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal specimens of participants with history of COVID-19. To assess the development of oral SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among people who received either the Moderna or Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination series, we developed a novel SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify the concentrations of oral and nasal mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels. We enrolled 52 participants who received the Moderna vaccine and 80 participants who received the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Oral mucosal specimens were self-collected by participants prior to or on the day of vaccination, and on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 following each vaccination dose and 30, 60, and 90 days following the second vaccination dose. A subset of the cohort provided additional nasal mucosal specimens at every time point. All participants developed detectable oral mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by 15 days after the first vaccination dose. There were no significant differences in oral mucosal antibody concentrations once participants were fully vaccinated in the Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines. Oral or nasal mucosal antibody testing could be an inexpensive and less invasive alternative to serum antibody testing. Further research is needed to understand the duration of detectable oral or nasal mucosal antibodies and how antibody concentrations change with time.

scholarly journals Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubree Mades ◽  
Prithivi Chellamuthu ◽  
Lauren Lopez ◽  
Noah Kojima ◽  
Melanie A MacMullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Time Point

Previous studies have shown that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at preventing SAR-CoV-2 infection by generating an immune response, which in part produces SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in serum. In this study, we hypothesized that COVID-19 vaccines may elicit production of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the upper respiratory tract, such as in oral and nasal mucosal fluid. To test that hypothesis, we enrolled 114 participants within 3-7 days of receiving the first dose of the Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and collected oral mucosal fluid samples on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 after each vaccine dose. Of participants naive to SARS-CoV-2 (n = 89), 79 (85.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies by time point 2 (10 days +/-2 days after first vaccine dose), and 100% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG by time point 3 (15 days +/- 2 days after first vaccine dose). Additionally, we collected paired oral mucosal fluid and anterior nares samples from 10 participants who had received both vaccine doses. We found that participants had an average SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody concentration of 2496.0 +/- 2698.0ng/mL in nasal mucosal fluid versus 153.4 +/- 141.0ng/mL in oral mucosal fluid. Here, we demonstrate detection and longitudinal persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A high concentration of IgG targeting viral spike protein in the upper respiratory system may play an unexplored role in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and deserves further investigation.

Sinus Barotrauma in Divers

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fagan ◽  
Bart McKenzie ◽  
Carl Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sinus Barotrauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Mucosal Thickening ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Sinus barotrauma is a common occupational disease of divers, with the incidence of descent barotrauma approximately double that of ascent. Pain chronologically associated with the change of pressure is the most dominant symptom and is seen in 92% of the cases presented for treatment. The majority complain of a frontal distribution of pain, with ethmoidal and maxillary being much less significant. Epistaxis is the second commonest symptom, and may be the sole symptom in some ascent cases. A history of recent or past sinus barotrauma or upper respiratory tract pathology is very common. Clinical examination supports the evidence of upper respiratory tract pathology in many cases. The radiological signs of abnormality were present in over three quarters of the cases examined. Of these the maxillary sinus was affected in most cases, the frontal in approximately one quarter and the ethmoidal in less than a fifth. The pathology was more commonly that of mucosal thickening, but in 12% of cases there was a fluid level. It is noted that although symptoms were predominantly frontal, x-ray changes were most often present in the maxillary sinuses.

scholarly journals Guillian Barre syndrome epidemiology presentation and outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Dr.Raed jabbar Hussain ◽  
◽  
Dr. Rahan Assim Mohammed Al-Qazzaz ◽  
Kahtan Adnan Abdullah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) is most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis, affect peripheral nerves with distinctive features clinical, pathological and prognosis. Patient and methods this study is prospective of 60 patients admitted at al-kadymia teaching hospital from first January 2004 to end April 2009. Age includes 1 to ≤11 years. Diagnosis was by clinical examination and confirmed by CSF tests and nerve conduction velocity study. Results It was found that 32 patients were male and 28 were female. Cranial nerves involved in 30% of patients. Sensory symptoms found in 16%. CSF changes was seen in 85.5% patients. Antecedent events were found in 27 patients out of 60, 14 had history of upper respiratory tract infection 45%, 7 had gastroenteritis 11%, 6 patients had history of fever 3 weeks earlier 10% and 15 patients had complicated by respiratory failure managed by mechanical ventilators, During this study 4 patients had been died. Conclusions: Current study conclude about 45% of patients had history antecedent events in as upper respiratory tract infection , gastroenteritis and fever, so cerebrospinal fluid CSF cell in the majority of cases within normal range and mostly lymphocytes, Cranial nerves were affected in most patients without serious sequels so Steroid was not given to most of patients in our study without any significant effect on the course of disease , Hospitalization was range from 2 week to 4 week, Recovery was range from 4 to 12 week and Death rate was 6% .

Natural History of Primary Autoimmune Neutropenia in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-733
Author(s):  
Lars T. Conway ◽  
Mary E. Clay ◽  
William E. Kline ◽  
Norma K. C. Ramsay ◽  
William Krivit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Autoimmune Neutropenia ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Five patients with primary autoimmune neutropenia were evaluated during their first 2 years of life. Their illness resolved spontaneously after 6 to 41 months (median 13 months), and the patients were subsequently followed for 13 to 73 months (median 28 months). None required immunosuppressive therapy to induce remission, and routine antibiotic therapy adequately controlled all infectious episodes. An increased rate of infection, particularly otitis media and upper respiratory tract infection, occurred during the neutropenic period. No other noninfectious illnesses, particularly no other autoimmune diseases, were reported in any of these patients at any time. In each case, resolution of neutropenia paralleled the disappearance of neutrophil autoantibodies which were specific for the NA1 antigen. This report describes the clinical and laboratory findings and the long-term history of primary autoimmune neutropenia in these five patients.

Did one ear infection in France change the history of Britain? The illness and death of Francis II (1544–60)

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Albert Srouji
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
French Renaissance ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Impact

The middle ear has long been considered a continuum of the upper respiratory tract and modern physicians recognize the impact of upper respiratory tract pathology on the middle ear and are familiar with the possible neurosurgical complications of any resultant chronic or acute middle ear infection. In the 16th century, lack of this knowledge may have led to a sequence of events and one of the most important turning points for the British monarchy. This paper on the illness and death of King Francis II of France uncovers interesting aspects of ENT practice from the French Renaissance period and the intrigue surrounding this royal patient's well-documented but little discussed illness.

scholarly journals Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
pardis soltanpoor ◽  
Ghazal Norouzi
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Healthy Patient ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory thyroid disease of post-viral origin; linked with many viruses such as SARS-COVID-2. The objective of this work is to report a case of SAT associated with COVID-19 vaccination, in a healthy patient with no history of previous COVID-19 or upper respiratory tract infection.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF WHEEZING IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Sunita Das ◽  
Deshish Kumar Panda ◽  
Kedarnath Das ◽  
Saiprasanna Behera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This hospital based observational cross sectional study having a sample size of 100 was undertaken at S.C.B. Medical College and S.V.P.P.G.I.P.,Cuttack,with an objective to study the clinical profile and risk factors for wheezing in infancy from November 2018 to November 2020. Wheezing is accountable for a high demand of medical consultations and emergency care services with relatively high rates of hospitalization.In this study, several risk factors were identified for wheezing in less than one year of age which had little resemblance to similar studies made in various other age groups.However,maternal smoking as a risk factor could not be found in our study due to social cultural lifestyle in the study population. Factors like caesarean section, history of birth asphyxia, NICU admissions and living in kuccha house were not found to impose risk for wheezing in infancy in the study in contrary to similar such studies in other age groups.The present study revealed, that among all other etiology, the viral respiratory tract infections including bronchiolitis was the most common cause of wheezing in infancy (64%) followed by WALRI (wheeze associated lower respiratory tract infection). In conclusion, if an infant with wheezing has risk factors like male sex, preterm, more than six months age, family history of atopy or repeated upper respiratory tract illness or overcrowding in family, anticipating the severity recurrence should be suspected. These infants should be monitored closely for signs of clinical deterioration. Proper health education,ante natal and neonatal care,promoting of breast feeding and creating awareness to the public regarding modifiable risk factors like separation of family members having upper respiratory illness from young infants will reduce the severity of wheezing and will help prevent their recurrence to much extent.

scholarly journals Recurrent Guillain-Barré and Fisher Syndromes in Two Patients Who Were Subsequently Diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Saori Tomohara ◽  
Risa Harano ◽  
Shinichi Wada ◽  
Ikkei Ohashi ◽  
Fumitaka Yoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Limb Ataxia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Tract Infections

Guillain-Barré (GBS) and Fisher (FS) syndromes rarely recur and the characteristics of recurrence have not been fully elucidated. We describe the cases of 2 patients with GBS or FS that recurred more than twice and who were subsequently diagnosed with aplastic anemia. Case 1 was a 66-year-old man who was diagnosed with aplastic anemia 10 months before admission with limb ataxia and a sensory disturbance of the distal limbs that developed 3 days after an upper respiratory tract infection. He had a history of double vision with ataxia at the ages of 38 and 56 years. Case 2 was a 66-year-old woman who had been treated for aplastic anemia 1 year previously. She had a history of upper limb weakness after upper respiratory tract infections at the ages of 39 and 60 years. Tendon reflexes were absent in both patients at the time of onset and they were respectively diagnosed with FS and GBS and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. No neurological deficits persisted. Blood findings showed that both were positive for IgG type ganglioside antibodies and HLA-DR15. The positive HLA-DR15 might have been associated with the recurrent GBS or FS and the development of aplastic anemia.

scholarly journals The upper respiratory tract microbiome of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in ear and nose health and disease.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Coleman ◽  
Julian Zaugg ◽  
Amanda Wood ◽  
Kyra Cottrell ◽  
Eva Grahn Hakansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Novel Bacterium ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

Objective: To examine the nasal microbiota in relation to otitis status and nose health in Indigenous Australian children. Methods: Children aged 2-7 years were recruited from two northern Australian (Queensland) communities. Clinical histories were obtained through parent interview and review of the medical record. Nasal cavity swabs were obtained, and the child's ears, nose and throat were examined. DNA was extracted and analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon next generation sequencing of the V3/V4 region in combination with previously generated culture data. Results: 103 children were recruited (mean 4.7 years), 17 (16.8%) were 'healthy', i.e. normal examination and no history of otitis media (OM). Nasal microbiota differed significantly in relation to otitis status and nose health. Children with historical OM had higher relative abundance of Moraxella compared to healthy children, despite both having healthy ears at the time of swabbing. Children with healthy noses had higher relative abundance of S. aureus compared to those with rhinorrhoea. Dolosigranulum was correlated to Corynebacterium in healthy children. Haemophilus and Streptococcus correlated across phenotypes. Ornithobacterium was absent/low relative abundance in healthy children and clustered around otopathogens. It correlated with Helcococcus and Dichelobacter. Conclusions: Dolosigranulum and Corynebacterium form a synergism that promotes URT/ear health in Indigenous Australian children. Ornithobacterium likely represents Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis and in this population is correlated with a novel bacterium which appears to be related to poor upper respiratory tract/ear health.

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