Macromineral and trace element requirements for Santa Ines sheep

AbstractMinerals play an important role in animal metabolism. Knowledge of mineral requirements allows well-formulated diets to be provided, which is the main factor that affects performance. To determine the macromineral and trace element requirements for growth and maintenance, thirty-eight 2-month-old Santa Ines lambs with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 ± 1.49 kg were distributed in a factorial design with feeding levels (ad libitum, 30% and 60% feed restriction) and sex classes [castrated (CM) and intact males (IM)]. The net mineral requirements for gain were higher (P < 0.05) with increasing BW and average daily gain, except for Ca and Na, which remained constant as the empty BW (EBW) increased. The macromineral net requirement for maintenance (g/kg EBW0.75) and the true retention coefficient (k; %) were 0.0784 and 65.2 for Ca, 0.0926 and 80.0 for P, and 0.0379 and 59.0 for K, respectively. The k of Mg was higher (P < 0.05) for IM (11.3 for IM and 7.9 for CM). Sex did not affect (P > 0.05) the maintenance requirement of the trace elements Co, Cu, Zn and Cr which were 0.0015, 0.037, 0.698, and 0.0055 (mg/kg EBW0.75), respectively. Our study indicated that the Santa Ines net mineral requirements are different from the main nutritional requirements established by committees for sheep, which may result in unbalanced diets.

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Maniçoba hay or silage replaces Tifton 85 hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 42553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michel Do Vale Maciel ◽

Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽

Ângela Maria Vieira Batista ◽

Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽

Laura Priscila Araújo Amaro Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Manihot Glaziovii ◽

And Performance ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets.

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Effect of feed restriction on plasma concentration of hormones and metabolites in steers fed grass silage

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a00-056 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 553-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. R. Ouellet ◽

J. R. Seoane ◽

J. F. Bernier ◽

H. Lapierre

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Boot Stage ◽

Igf I ◽

Daily Gain

Plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites were measured in growing steers to establish their relation with degree of feed restriction. Sixty medium frame beef steers (259 ± 29 kg) were divided in groups of five and fed during 3 mo either timothy (T) or bromegrass (B) harvested at stem elongation of the first cut or at boot stage of the aftermath. Forages were fed at one of three levels of intake: ad libitum (FF), 80% of FF, or 65% of FF. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose and nonesterfied fatty acids (NEFA) were measured on day 1 and day 78 before the morning meal. The effect of a meal on GH, insulin, glucagon, IGF-1, glucose and NEFA concentrations was also determined in 24 steers sampled from 3 h before to 3 h after a meal. Severity of feed restriction resulted in a linear decrease (P < 0.05) of plasma glucagon (0.139, 0.130, 0.121 ± 0.005 ng mL–1) and IGF-1 (109, 98, 84 ± 7 ng mL–1). Insulin concentration tended to be affected quadratically (0.37, 0.35, 0.27 ± 0.04ng mL–1 for FF, 80% of FF and 65% of FF, respectively, P < 0.10). Ingestion of a meal resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) of GH, NEFA and glucose, and an increase of insulin concentrations (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.53, P < 0.05) between IGF-1 and average daily gain, and lipid percentage of carcasses suggesting that IGF-1 is related to growth rate and fat accumulation in growing steers. Key words: Feed restriction, growth hormone, insulin, IGF-I, metabolites, grass silage

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Single Loci and Haplotypes in CAPN1 and CAST Genes are Associated with Growth, Biometrics, and in Vivo Carcass Traits in Santa Inês Sheep

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 465-483

Author(s):

Alessandro Lima Machado ◽

Ariana Nascimento Meira ◽

Evandro Neves Muniz ◽

Hymerson Costa Azevedo ◽

Luiz Lehmann Coutinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Single Locus ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Body Depth ◽

Single Locus Analysis ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Santa Inês ◽

Daily Gain

Abstractµ-calpain (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) genes play key roles in protein turnover. The present study aimed to identify the variants in these genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep. A sample of 192 no full sibling Santa Inês lambs was used. Fragments of the CAST and CAPN1 genes were amplified and next-generation sequencing was performed in the MiSeq platform. Variants in the CAPN1 and CAST sequences were then detected using bioinformatic tools. Withers and croup heights, body length, thoracic and croup widths, thoracic and leg girths, body depth, carcass fat score, rib eye area, fat thickness, body weights were recorded at weaning and at 140 days post-weaning, and average daily gain post-weaning was calculated. Both single-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed with the model as follows: farm (2 levels), year (4 levels), the month of birth (12 levels), and the covariate age of the animal. The fragments amplified included 4,514 bp between the 20th and 23rd exons of CAST as well as 3,927 bp between the 12th and 21st exons of CAPN1. In these regions, 58 (CAST) and 45 (CAPN1) variants were identified. In the CAST gene, the single-locus analysis revealed 22 suggestive additive effects (P<0.05) on several growth and carcass traits. Moreover, haplotype substitutions were associated with rib eye area (–0.689±0.290), average daily gain (–23.6±10.4), thoracic girth (–2.72±1.27), body length (–3.38±1.49), and leg girth (–2.84±1.37). Regarding the CAPN1 gene, the single-locus analysis identified seven suggestive additive effects, while only one haplotype replacement effect on fat thickness (–0.0143±0.0053) was detected. The results of the present study suggest that variants in the CAPN1 and CAST genes are associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep, which may be a source of information to improve knowledge regarding the genetic control of these traits.

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The Utilization of Sonneratia alba and Avicennia lanata Leaves on the Performance of Jawarandu Goats

Jurnal Peternakan Integratif ◽

10.32734/jpi.v7i3.3387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

S Maulana

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Mangrove Ecosystems ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sonneratia Alba ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

S. alba leaves and A. lanata leaves are forages that grow in mangrove ecosystems which are considered potential to support the performance of goat jawarandu. This study aims to determine the effect of the leaves of S. alba and A. lanata on the performance of jawarandu goats. This research was conducted in Environment XII of Seberang Fishermen Village, Belawan I Village, Medan Belawan District, Medan City. The study lasted for 3 months, starting in July to October 2019. The research method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 12 male goats that were kept with an average initial body weight of 14.65 ± 1.65. The treatments given were leaves of S. alba and A. lanata with a ratio of P1 (100: 0); P2 (50:50); and P3 (0: 100). The research parameters are Feed Consumption, Average Daily Gain , and Feed Conversion. The results showed that the utilization of the S. alba and A. lanata leaves had a significant effect on feed consumption and average daily gain, but did not significantly effect on feed conversion. It can be concluded that the utilization of S. alba leaves gives a greater effect on the performance of goat jawarandu compared to A. lanata leaves or combination feed.

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Supplementation of grazing beef cattle with narasin

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz Guilherme Mezzena Gobato ◽

Daniel Montanher Polizel ◽

Marcos Vinícius de Castro Ferraz Júnior ◽

Alexandre Arantes Miszura ◽

José Paulo Roman Barroso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Mineral Supplement ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Supplement Intake

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of narasin inclusion in mineral and protein supplements on the performance and supplement intake of grazing beef yearlings. One hundred and fifty Nellore yearlings with 17.0±0.06 months of age and 219.7±1.62 kg initial body weight (BW) were allocated into 30 experimental units (EUs), with five animals each. The EUs were assigned to 16 paddocks, which were continuously stocked for 28 days, followed by 28 days of rest. A randomized complete block design was used. The experiment lasted 140 days, divided into five periods of 28 days each. The assessed treatments were: control mineral supplement (CON); CON + 1,800 (N1800) or 2,750 (N2750) mg narasin per kilogram of supplement; and protein mineral supplement (PROT) or PROT + 360 mg narasin per kilogram of supplement (PROT 360). The inclusion of narasin in the mineral supplement increased average daily gain (ADG) in the first period and decreased supplement intake in the first, second, and third periods, when compared with the CON treatment. The ADG and supplement intake were similar between the N1800 and N2750 treatments. Narasin has a positive effect on ADG up to 28 days of supplementation and controls mineral supplement intake, without compromising this gain.

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Maintenance and Growth Requirements in Male Dorper × Santa Ines Lambs

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.676956 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Marcilio S. Mendes ◽

Jocely G. Souza ◽

Caio Julio L. Herbster ◽

Antonio S. Brito Neto ◽

Luciano P. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Group ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Energy Concentration ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Net Energy ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Santa Inês

The aim of this study was to estimate the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth of lambs. A total of 35 crossbreed Dorper × Santa Ines lambs [31 ± 1.28 kg of initial body weight (BW) and 4 months old] were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments groups (ad libitum, 30 and 60% of feed restriction). Five lambs were slaughtered at the beginning of the experimental trial as a reference group to estimate the initial empty BW (EBW) and body composition. When the animals of the ad libitum treatment reached a BW average of 47.2 kg, at day 84 of trial, all lambs were slaughtered. The feed restriction promoted reduction in body fat (P < 0.001) and energy concentration (P < 0.001), while protein showed a quadratic response (P = 0.05). The equations obtained for NEg and NPg requirements were 0.2984 × EBW0.75 × EBWG0.8069 and 248.617 × EBW−0.15546, respectively. The net energy (NEm) and protein (NPm) for maintenance were 71.00 kcal/kg EBW0.75/day and 1.76 g/kg EBW0.75/day, respectively. In conclusion, the NEg and NPg requirement for lambs with 30 kg of BW and 200 g of average daily gain (ADG) were 0.736 Mcal/day and 24.38 g/day, respectively. Our findings indicate that the NEm for crossbreed Dorper × Santa Ines lambs is similar to those recommended by the international committees; however, we support the hypothesis that the requirements for gain are lower.

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The Use of Fermented Cocoa Pod in Feed on Performance and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) of Male Local Sheep

Jurnal Peternakan Integratif ◽

10.32734/jpi.v7i2.2154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

Ardina Kharisma ◽

Hasnudi ◽

Tri Hesty Wahyuni ◽

Armyn Hakim Daulay ◽

Nurzainah Ginting

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Feed Cost ◽

Processing Wastes ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Average Consumption

Cocoa pod is one of the cocoa processing wastes which can be used as animal feed.The study aims to find the use of cocoa pod which fermented by bioactivator (MOIYL) in feedon performance and IOFC of male local sheep. The research was conducted at Pak Didit's farmJl. Bunga Rinte, Simpang Selayang, Medan, in October - December 2018 using completelyrandomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The experiment used 20 ofmale local sheep weaning with initial body weight of 12.65 ± 1 kg. The treatment such as P0(80% field grass + 20% concentrate), P1 (60% field grass + 20% fermented cocoa pod + 20%concentrate), P2 (40% field grass + 40% fermented cocoa pod + 20% concentrate), P3 (20%field grass + 60% fermented cocoa pod + 20% concentrate), P4 (80% fermented cocoa pod +concentrate 20%). The observed of are feeds consumption, average daily gain, feed conversionratio (FCR), and income over feed cost (IOFC).The results of this research indicated that utilization of fermented cocoa pod in feed improvedthe performance of male local sheep with the average consumption of sheep feed (g/head/day):421.62; 422.60; 524.43; 452.83 and 368.56, average daily gain (g/head/day): 59.95; 60.75;84.19; 67.76 and 40.57, and ration conversion: 7.06; 7.17; 6.43; 6.68 and 9.11 and averageIncome Over Feed Cost (IOFC):141.123,8; 142.837,9; 201.301,0; 159.568,4 and 89.273,7. Theconclusion of this study is that the use of cacao pods fermented with 5% MOIYL in ration ofmale local weaning can be given to the level of 40%.

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Potential of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) for Compensatory Growth on Anglo-Nubian Crossbred Male Goats

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2019.3203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 487-497

Author(s):

Dwinta PRASETIANTI ◽

Songyos CHOTCHUTIMA ◽

Phongthorn KONGMUN ◽

Somkiert PRASANPANICH

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Period ◽

Daily Gain

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as the sole diet after restriction of feeding in order to elevate compensatory growth during re-alimentation. Twelve Anglo-Nubian crossbred male goats, with an average body weight of 17.50 kg, were assigned to 3 treatments, with 4 replicates, in a completely randomized design (CRD), where all treatments were under 3 feeding regimes, viz. pre-feed restriction, feed restriction, and re-alimentation. All animals were allotted to normal feeding and fed with Pangola hay and meal concentrate to promote an average daily gain (ADG) of 100 g in the initial period for 3 weeks. During the feed restriction period, animals in Treatment 1 were continuously fed at the same level as in the pre-restriction (normal growth/control group), while the animals in Treatments 2 and 3 (restricted groups) were kept at feeding levels of 47.5 and 67.5 % below maintenance, based on NRC (2007), for 4 weeks. In the final period of re-alimentation (7 weeks), the normal growth group was given Pangola hay and meal concentrate at the same level as in the pre-restriction period while restricted groups were subjected to ad libitum sole leucaena feeding until the end of the trial. The results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake did not differ among the treatments during the pre-feed restriction while, in the restriction feeding period, the restricted groups had lower means (P < 0.01) than the normal growth group. In the re-alimentation period, total dry matter intake was not significantly different among treatments. It is pointed that there were 2 sub-periods during the re-alimentation period where total dry matter intake during the compensatory growth and the normal growth were not significantly different. However, the compensatory growth had been achieved within 2 weeks, indicating a higher ADG of 141.25 and 158.57 g in the restricted groups, compared to 106 g in the control group. Afterwards, the sub-period of normal growth (5 weeks) was followed with a lower ADG in the restricted groups than that in the control group. It can be concluded that the potential of single leucaena feeding for compensatory growth after restriction feeding can be achieved within a short period during re-alimentation, due to the limitation of fiber enrichment in leucaena.

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Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Begait Lambs Fed Diets of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Hay, Wheat Bran and their Mixtures

Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International ◽

10.9734/jaeri/2019/v20i130097 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Gebreslasie Gebrekidan ◽

Tsegay Teklebrhan ◽

Zelealem Tesfay

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Research Centre ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding ◽

Daily Gain

The study was conducted at Humera agricultural research centre farm, northern Ethiopia aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) hay (CPH), wheat bran (WB) and their mixtures on feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and carcass characteristics of Begait lambs fed grass hay (GH) as a basal diet. The experimental lambs were divided into five groups based on initial body weight and randomly assigned to the five treatments. Treatments were ad libitum feeding of GH and supplemented with 300 g CPH, 225 g CPH + 75 g WB, 150 g CPH + 150 g WB, 75 g CPH + 225 g WB and 300 g WB DM/day for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Total DM intake was 687.1, 669.4, 719.4, 631.0 and 673.47 gd-1 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively and significantly higher (p<0.001) and lower (p< 0.001) for T3 and T4, respectively and intermediate for others. The ADG was 36.4, 43.6, 52.9, 43.1 and 42.4 gd-1 for lambs in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively was higher (p<0.001) for T3. Consequently, the value for hot carcass weight (kg) was significantly higher for T3 (12.92) than T2 (12.61), T1 (11.92), T4 (11.96) and T5 (12.42). Therefore, from the findings of this study, it can be suggested that feeding mixture of 150 g of cowpea hay and 150 g of wheat bran improved sheep performance.

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Multi-objective optimization of methionine+cysteine levels in diets for growing pigs

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n4a03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 228-238

Author(s):

José L Figueroa-Velasco ◽

José A Martínez-Aispuro ◽

María T Sánchez-Torres ◽

Humberto Vaquera-Huerta ◽

José L Cordero-Mora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Multi Objective Optimization ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Growing Pig ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

Background: The addition of synthetic methionine to growing pig diets should consider the requirements of the methionine+cysteine complex, as most cysteine is obtained through dietary methionine. Objective: To determine an optimal level of methionine+cysteine (Met+Cys) in growing pig diets. Methods: Ninety-nine hybrid (Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc) barrows were used in a completely randomized design (initial body weight: 25.90±3.99 kg). Nine levels of Met+Cys (0.500, 0.525, 0.550, 0.575, 0.600, 0.625, 0.650, 0.675, and 0.700%) were evaluated during 35 days. To determine a multi-objective optimal level of Met+Cys, growth performance and strongly related carcass traits were evaluated. Results: Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed:gain ratio (FGR) showed a linear response to the dietary Met+Cys level (p<0.05), with estimated optimal concentration at 0.700%. Average daily gain (ADG) did not show any effect on the Met+Cys level (p>0.05). Carcass characteristics were not affected by the Met+Cys concentration (p>0.05). The multi-objective optimal level for ADG, ADFI, and FGR was 0.667% Met+Cys. Conclusions: According to our results, 0.667% Met+Cys is the best concentration in diets for growing pigs.

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