scholarly journals Drinking coffee enhances neurocognitive function by reorganizing brain functional connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayom Kim ◽  
Sung Hoon Kang ◽  
Soon Ho Kim ◽  
Seong Hwan Kim ◽  
Jihyeon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Improved Performance

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms underlying effects of coffee on cognition in the context of brain networks. Here we investigated functional connectivity before and after drinking coffee using graph-theoretic analysis of electroencephalography (EEG). Twenty-one healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. The resting-state EEG data and results of neuropsychological tests were consecutively acquired before and 30 min after coffee consumption. Graph analyses were performed and compared before and after coffee consumption. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between changes in graph measures and those in cognitive function tests. Functional connectivity (FC) was reorganized toward more efficient network properties after coffee consumption. Performance in Digit Span tests and Trail Making Test Part B improved after coffee consumption, and the improved performance in executive function was correlated with changes in graph measures, reflecting a shift toward efficient network properties. The beneficial effects of coffee on cognitive function might be attributed to the reorganization of FC toward more efficient network properties. Based on our findings, the patterns of network reorganization could be used as quantitative markers to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of coffee on cognition, especially executive function.

scholarly journals Acute effects of coffee on neurocognitive function: an electroencephalography network analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayom Kim ◽  
Sung Hoon Kang ◽  
Soon Ho Kim ◽  
Seong Hwan Kim ◽  
Jihyeon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms underlying effects of coffee on cognition in the context of brain networks. Here we investigated functional connectivity before and after drinking coffee using graph theoretical analysis of electroencephalography (EEG). Twenty-one healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. The neuropsychological tests were consecutively performed at the start of the EEG recording and 30 min after coffee consumption. Graph analyses were performed and compared before and after coffee consumption. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between changes in graph measures and those in cognitive function tests. FC was reorganized toward more efficient network properties after coffee consumption. Performance in Digit Span tests and Trail Making Test Part B improved after coffee consumption, and the improved performance in executive function was correlated with changes in graph measures, reflecting a shift toward efficient network properties. The beneficial effects of coffee on cognitive function might be attributed to the reorganization of FC toward more efficient network properties. Based on our findings, the patterns of network reorganization could be used as quantitative markers to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of coffee on cognition, especially executive function.

scholarly journals Natural Is Not Always Better: The Varied Effects of a Natural Environment and Exercise on Affect and Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet P. Trammell ◽  
Shaya C. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Trail Making

The Attention Restoration Theory (ART) has been widely cited to account for beneficial effects of natural environments on affect and attention. However, the effects of environment and exercise are not consistent. In a within-subjects design, participants completed affective and cognitive measures that varied in attentional demands (memory, working memory, and executive function) both before and after exercise in a natural and indoor environment. Contrary to the hypotheses, a natural environment resulted in lower positive affect and no difference in negative affect compared to an indoor environment. A natural environment resulted in the most improvement for cognitive tasks that required moderate attentional demand: Trail Making Test A and Digit Span Forwards. As predicted, exercise resulted in improved affect and improved executive function (Trail Making Test B). There were no interactions between environment and exercise. These results suggest that ART cannot fully explain the influence of environment on affect and cognition.

scholarly journals Experimental dyspnoea interferes with locomotion and cognition: a randomised trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 2000054 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lawi ◽  
Elise Dupuis-Lozeron ◽  
Gregory Berra ◽  
Gilles Allali ◽  
Thomas Similowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Loaded Breathing

BackgroundChronic respiratory diseases are associated with cognitive dysfunction, but whether dyspnoea by itself negatively impacts on cognition has not been demonstrated. Cortical networks engaged in subjects experiencing dyspnoea are also activated during other tasks that require cognitive input and this may provoke a negative impact through interference with each other.MethodsThis randomised, crossover trial investigated whether experimentally-induced dyspnoea would negatively impact on locomotion and cognitive function among 40 healthy adults. Crossover conditions were unloaded breathing or loaded breathing using an inspiratory threshold load. To evaluate locomotion, participants were assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Cognitive function was assessed by categorical and phonemic verbal fluency tests, the Trail Making Tests (TMTs) A and B (executive function), the CODE test from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-IV (processing speed) and by direct and indirect digit span (working memory).ResultsThe mean time difference to perform the TUG test between unloaded and loaded breathing was −0.752 s (95% CI −1.012 to −0.492 s) (p<0.001). Executive function, processing speed and working memory performed better during unloaded breathing, particularly for subjects starting first with the loaded breathing condition.ConclusionOur data suggest that respiratory threshold loading to elicit dyspnoea had a major impact on locomotion and cognitive function in healthy adults.

scholarly journals The association of betaine, homocysteine and related metabolites with cognitive function in Dutch elderly people

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone J. P. M. Eussen ◽  
Per M. Ueland ◽  
Robert Clarke ◽  
Henk J. Blom ◽  
Willibrord H. L. Hoefnagels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Combined Supplementation ◽  
The One

The importance of the one-carbon metabolites, choline and homocysteine, to brain function is well known. However, the associations between the one-carbon metabolites choline, betaine, methionine and dimethylglycine with cognition in elderly are unclear. We therefore examined the associations of these metabolites with cognition in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Individuals (n 195) were randomized to receive daily oral capsules with either 1000 μg cobalamin (vitamin B12), or 1000 μg cobalamin plus 400 μg folic acid, or placebo for 24 weeks. Concentrations of homocysteine, methionine, choline, betaine and dimethylglycine were assessed before and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Cognitive function, including domains of attention, construction, sensomotor speed, memory and executive function, was assessed before and after 24 weeks of treatment. At baseline, elevated plasma homocysteine was associated with lower performance of attention, construction, sensomotor speed and executive function. In addition, betaine was positively associated with better performance of construction, sensomotor speed and executive function, whereas elevated concentrations of methionine were positively associated with sensomotor speed. Daily combined supplementation with cobalamin plus folic acid decreased total homocysteine concentrations by 36 %, and increased betaine concentrations by 38 %. Participants with the largest increases in betaine concentrations showed a borderline significant (P = 0·07) higher memory performance compared to those without it. Although this trial observed associations of homocysteine and betaine with cognitive domains prior to supplementation, decreased concentrations of homocysteine were not related to improved cognitive performance. There was a tendency of participants with the largest increases in betaine concentrations to show the greatest improvement in memory function.

Abstract 53: Frontal Functional Connectivity Networks and Executive Function Following Perinatal Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraya Meghji ◽  
Alicia Hilderley ◽  
Adam Kirton ◽  
Helen Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Perinatal Stroke

Perinatal stroke causes most hemiparetic cerebral palsy and a lifetime of disability with no known prevention strategies. Two types of perinatal stroke predominate, arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and periventricular venous infarction (PVI), dictating lesion-specific differences in outcomes. Executive functioning challenges and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more common in children with perinatal stroke (19-35%) than peers (5-7%). Resting state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures fluctuations in the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal that may estimate network functional connectivity (FC). We evaluated relationships between FC in relevant frontal circuits, ADHD and executive function in children with perinatal stroke compared to typically developing controls (TDC). Participant recruitment was from a population-based research cohort (AIS N=32; PVI N=30; TDC N=59). MRI imaging included T1-weighted anatomical and resting state fMRI sequences. Subsequent seed-to-seed analyses quantified FC within frontoparietal (FPN), dorsal attention (DAN) and default mode networks (DMN). Parent questionnaires quantified executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)) and ADHD symptoms (ADHD Rating Scale-5). Large group FC differences were observed within FPN, DAN and DMN networks where AIS had lower FC compared to both PVI and TDC. For stroke participants, higher FC within the DAN and FPN was associated with poorer cognitive function (BRIEF). By contrast, higher FC within the DMN was associated with better ADHD ratings. Differences within frontal functional networks appear to be related to poorer cognitive function such that increased FC between the lesioned and nonlesioned hemisphere is associated with symptoms of executive dysfunction and ADHD suggesting that developmental plasticity leads to complex network changes following early unilateral brain injury.

Effect of acupuncture on cognitive task performance of college students: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha B. Shetty ◽  
Jithin Jacob ◽  
Prashanth Shetty ◽  
A. Mooventhan ◽  
Pratikshya Aryal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives Reduction in cognitive function of college students affects their academic recitation. Acupuncture is widely practiced for health promotion. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on cognitive task performance in college students. Methods Sixty students aged 18–25 years were randomly allocated into acupuncture group (AG) (n=30) and control group (CG) (n=30). The AG underwent 20 min of acupuncture/day, while the CG underwent their normal routine for 10 days. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention. Results Between-group analysis showed a significant increase in the six-letter cancellation test (SLCT) score in AG compared with CG. Within-group analysis showed a significant increase in the scores of all tests (i.e. SLCT, forward and backward Digit span test [DST]) in AG, while a significant increase in backward DST was observed in CG. Conclusion Acupuncture has a beneficial effect on improving the cognitive function of college students.

scholarly journals The effect of treatment for soil-transmitted helminthiasis on cognitive function in children

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Sari ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
P Value ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Student’S T

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections affectone-third of the world's population. School-aged children arereported to have the highest prevalence and intensity of disease,resulting in impaired cognitive function, malnutrition andmorbidity.Objective To examine differences in cognitive function in STHinfectedchildren before and after treatment.Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, controlled trialfrom November 2 008 - March 2009 in Aek Na bar a, Lab uh an BatuDistrict, North Sumatera Province. Subjects were primary schoolagedchildren with STH infection. Before intervention, data onage, sex, nutritional status, STH infection status and cognitivefunction were collected. Subjects were divided into two groupsby simple randomization. Group I received 400 mg albendazoleand group II received a placebo. Three months after intervention,cognitive function of subjects in both groups was reassessed. Datawas analysed by Student's t test, with P value of less than 0.05considered to be statistically significant.Results Cognitive tests with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale forChildren (WISC) were performed in 120 children infected withSTH. Sixty children received 400 mg albendazole and 60 childrenreceived placebo. Seven children were excluded and one droppedout from this study. Three months after the intervention, wereevaluated cognitive function and found significant differencesin the categories of digit span (P=0.024) and total IQ score(P=0.027) between the two groups.Conclusions Treatment of STH infection with albendazoleimproved cognitive function of children in comprehension, codingand digit span testing. Performance and full IQ scores were alsoimproved after treatment. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:99-105].

scholarly journals Acute effects of 2D exergame on cognitive functions and frontal cortical activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmano Tavares de Souza ◽  
Frederico Sander Mansur Machado ◽  
Lara Sofia Rodrigues de Sousa Fernandes Carneiro ◽  
Vinicius Dias Rodrigues ◽  
Carla Silvana de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tv Show

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the effect of an exercise with a 2D virtual reality session on the cognition and cortical activity of young males. This is a randomized controlled trial with ten men aged 18 to 23 years. They were randomly assigned under two conditions: 1) exercise session with 2D virtual reality games and 2) control, which consisted of watching a two-episode video of a comic TV show. Cognition and frontal cortical activity were assessed immediately before and after the intervention, using the Mindset, performing the Digit Span Test, semantic verbal fluency, and executive function. Executive function improved with the exergame session (p=0.025). Exergames partially promote an immediate increase in the executive function of young people.

scholarly journals IntelligenceGym — is an effective tool to improve cognitive functions in the elderly

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
N. V. Trushkova ◽  
G. Zelano
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Certification ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Deficiency ◽  
Improved Performance

Aim. The aim of our study was to verify the effectiveness of the innovative IntelligenceGym training in improving cognitive abilities in the elderly.Material and methods. We developed an original training method that requires interaction between motor and cognitive functions. In our study 123 women and 89 men, aged 68–76 were examined. The inclusion criteria were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of 23 to 25 at inclusion, autonomy in walking, medical certification to participate in light physical activity. We have proposed to the participants to attend IntelligenceGym training one hour twice a week for 24 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after intervention included MMSE, Forward and Backward Digit Span Test, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT), TMT-A, TMT-B. Moreover, motor performance was tested by using the Time Up and Go (TUG) test.Results.The cognitive assessment after IntelligenceGym training showed statistically significant improvement in all the scores tested (t-test performed). The results showed that participants of the IntelligenceGym training had particularly improved performance in Digit Span, MMSE and TMT-B tests and also improvements in motor TUG test.Conclusion. These findings indicate that the IntelligenceGym training is an efficient tool to improve cognitive performance in older adults with borderline or mild cognitive deficiency.

Neurotrophins and cognitive functions in T1D compared with healthy controls: effects of a high-intensity exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cajsa Tonoli ◽  
Elsa Heyman ◽  
Luk Buyse ◽  
Bart Roelands ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. This effect is greatly favored by an exercise-induced increase in neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), especially with high-intensity exercises (HIE). As a complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a cognitive decline may occur, mostly ascribed to hypoglycaemia and chronic hyperglycaemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute HIE on cognitive function and neurotrophins in T1D and matched controls. Ten trained T1D (8 males, 2 females) participants and their matched (by age, sex, fitness level) controls were evaluated on 2 occasions after familiarization: a maximal test to exhaustion and an HIE bout (10 intervals of 60 s at 90% of their maximal wattage followed by 60 s at 50 W). Cognitive tests and analyses of serum BDNF, IGF-1, and free insulin were performed before and after HIE and following 30 min of recovery. At baseline, cognitive performance was better in the controls compared with the T1D participants (p < 0.05). After exercise, no significant differences in cognitive performance were detected. BDNF levels were significantly higher and IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in T1D compared with the control group (p < 0.05) at all time points. Exercise increased BDNF and IGF-1 levels in a comparable percentage in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although resting levels of serum BDNF and IGF-1 were altered by T1D, comparable increasing effects on BDNF and IGF-1 in T1D and healthy participants were found. Therefore, regularly repeating acute HIE could be a promising strategy for brain health in T1D.

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