Neurotrophins and cognitive functions in T1D compared with healthy controls: effects of a high-intensity exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cajsa Tonoli ◽  
Elsa Heyman ◽  
Luk Buyse ◽  
Bart Roelands ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. This effect is greatly favored by an exercise-induced increase in neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), especially with high-intensity exercises (HIE). As a complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a cognitive decline may occur, mostly ascribed to hypoglycaemia and chronic hyperglycaemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute HIE on cognitive function and neurotrophins in T1D and matched controls. Ten trained T1D (8 males, 2 females) participants and their matched (by age, sex, fitness level) controls were evaluated on 2 occasions after familiarization: a maximal test to exhaustion and an HIE bout (10 intervals of 60 s at 90% of their maximal wattage followed by 60 s at 50 W). Cognitive tests and analyses of serum BDNF, IGF-1, and free insulin were performed before and after HIE and following 30 min of recovery. At baseline, cognitive performance was better in the controls compared with the T1D participants (p < 0.05). After exercise, no significant differences in cognitive performance were detected. BDNF levels were significantly higher and IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in T1D compared with the control group (p < 0.05) at all time points. Exercise increased BDNF and IGF-1 levels in a comparable percentage in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although resting levels of serum BDNF and IGF-1 were altered by T1D, comparable increasing effects on BDNF and IGF-1 in T1D and healthy participants were found. Therefore, regularly repeating acute HIE could be a promising strategy for brain health in T1D.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Combination of High-Intensity Interval Training with 3D-Multiple Object Tracking Task on Perceptual-Cognitive Performance: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4862
Author(s):  
Soo-Yong Park ◽  
Thomas Jürgen Klotzbier ◽  
Nadja Schott
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Multiple Object Tracking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
Post Test ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The ability to process goal-related visual information while ignoring goal-irrelevant information is essential for the human attention system. The study aimed to investigate how perceptual–cognitive performance was affected during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) using a 3D-multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) task called Neurotracker (NT). In an experimental design, 42 healthy adults (age M = 23.3 SD = 2.94, VO2max 52.8 ± 5.66 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to an intervention (HIIT + NT, NT, HIIT) or control group. NT performance (20 trials per session) was measured pre-and post-test (at 5, 15, and 25 min while running on the treadmill). The participants trained twice a week for a 4-week intervention period. There was a significant interaction effect between pre/post-test and groups regarding perceptual-cognitive performance, indicating similar enhancements in the HIIT + NT and the NT group during exercise. HIIT influences physical fitness but did not show any impact on perceptual–cognitive performance. Due to the specific NT task characteristics, improved physical abilities may not directly impact sport-specific perceptual-cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that training resulted in substantial task-specific gains. Therefore, combination training may be proposed as a training program to improve perceptual–cognitive, and physical performance in a time-efficient way.

scholarly journals Regular Taekwondo Training Affects Mood State and Sociality but Not Cognitive Function among International Students in South Korea

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Ju-Yong Bae ◽  
Hee-Tae Roh
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

We aimed to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on physical fitness, mood, sociality, and cognitive function among international students in South Korea. We randomly assigned 24 international students to a control group (CG, n = 12) and experimental group (EG, n = 12). The EG performed Taekwondo training for 16 weeks, while the CG did not train. Each participant underwent a physical fitness test and sociability questionnaire before and after the intervention. We also examined changes in mood state and cognitive function, using the Korean version of the Profile of Mood State-Brief (K-POMS-B), and the Stroop Color and Word test, respectively. Regarding the physical fitness variables, sit-and-reach records in the EG significantly increased after intervention (p < 0.05). In the sub-variable of K-POMS-B, Vigor-Activity scores significantly increased (p < 0.05) after intervention, while the Fatigue-Inertia scores significantly decreased in the EG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the EG, peer relationship scores, a sub-variable of sociability, significantly decreased after intervention (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that Taekwondo training can not only improve flexibility among physical fitness factors, but can also be effective in improving the mood state and sociality of international students.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES IN EX-CRACK COCAINE USERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Jéssica Abatti Martins ◽  
Ana Maria Volpato ◽  
Vanise dos Santos Ferreira Viero ◽  
Antonio Jose Grande ◽  
Leonardo Roever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACT Introduction: Worldwide cocaine use in all its various forms is increasing; cocaine users exceeded 17 million in the world. In Brazil, this data is also alarming. A survey conducted in 2010 found that the country has more than 900,000 crack-cocaine users. Objective: To evaluate the effects of exercise on anthropometric variables and components of physical fitness in ex-crack cocaine users. Methods: Randomized controlled trial with 20 men, divided into exercise group (n=10) and control group (n=10), admitted to a detoxification center. We assessed the physical fitness components related to health (cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength/endurance, and body composition) before and after the physical training program. Results: The exercise contributed to the maintenance of anthropometric variables, while the control group had an increased in total body fat and visceral fat. Regarding physical fitness, resistance training led to the increase of most variables studied, particularly strength and cardiorespiratory capacity. On the other hand, the VO2max and the strength of the sedentary subjects were reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion: The exercise showed beneficial effects on the components of physical fitness and maintenance of body composition.

scholarly journals Effect of 12 Months of Exercise with Stachys Lavandulifolia Consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome Profiles and Antioxidant Defense and Lipid Peroxidation in Women with Syndrome Metabolic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali osali ◽  
Alireza Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Abstract BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 months of aerobic exercise combining stachys lavandulifolia (S. lavandulifolia) consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome profiles and antioxidant defense (Glutathione) and lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) in 50-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic.Methods48 women with syndrome Metabolic were randomly divided into four groups: exercise (n=12), exercise+S. lavandulifolia (n=12), S. lavandulifolia (n=12) and control group (n=12). S. lavandulifolia groups consumed 3 g aerial parts of S. lavandulifolia daily. Training groups performed an exercise protocol of aerobic exercise for 12 months (three sessions per week). Blood samples were obtained before and after training period for antioxidant indicators and lipid degradation measurement. Also, Beck anxiety questionnaire used for evaluating levels of anxiety. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for the evaluation of within-group and between-group differences, respectively.ResultsA significant increase was observed in serum levels of Malondialdehyde (P =0.004), Catalase indexes (Pvalue= 0.01), and Glutathione (P=0.001) in the training group and S. lavandulifolia groups after 12 months. Body weight, BMI, and SBP and Anexiety was decreased significantly greater in exercise +S. lavandulifolia group compared to control, exercise and S. lavandulifolia groups (P=0.001)ConclusionAnxiolytic effect and Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity was seen, so taking S. lavandulifolia along with exercises may have beneficial effects on reinforcement the antioxidant system and prevention of anxiety and The negative effects of indicators related to cardiovascular disease in women with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Detraining Slows and Maintenance Training Over 6 Years Halts Parkinsonian Symptoms-Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Hortobágyi ◽  
Dávid Sipos ◽  
Gábor Borbély ◽  
György Áfra ◽  
Emese Reichardt-Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Introduction: There are scant data to demonstrate that the long-term non-pharmaceutical interventions can slow the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms and lower drug dose in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: After randomization, the Exercise-only (E, n = 19) group completed an initial 3-week-long, 15-session supervised, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program designed to improve the postural stability. The Exercise + Maintenance (E + M, n = 22) group completed the 3-week program and continued the same program three times per week for 6 years. The no exercise and no maintenance control (C, n = 26) group continued habitual living. In each patient, 11 outcomes were measured before and after the 3-week initial exercise program and then, at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months.Results: The longitudinal linear mixed effects modeling of each variable was fitted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for baseline and covariates. The exercise program strongly improved the primary outcome, Motor Experiences of Daily Living, by ~7 points and all secondary outcomes [body mass index (BMI), disease and no disease-specific quality of life, depression, mobility, and standing balance]. In E group, the detraining effects lasted up to 12 months. E+M group further improved the initial exercise-induced gains up to 3 months and the gains were sustained until year 6. In C group, the symptoms worsened steadily. By year 6, levodopa (L-dopa) equivalents increased in all the groups but least in E + M group.Conclusion: A short-term, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program improved the PD symptoms up to a year during detraining but the subsequent 6-year maintenance program was needed to further increase or sustain the initial improvements in the symptoms, quality of life, and drug dose.

scholarly journals The acute effect of high intensity aerobic training on ANP and Endothelin-1 in obese women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Haghshenas ◽  
Samaneh Nazemian ◽  
Mohsen Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute high intensity aerobic training on ANP and Endothelin-1 in inactive obese women. In order to nineteen obese women mean age± SD: 27.94± 3.30, mean weight ±SD: 88.13 ±7.28, mean height ±SD: 163.00± 4.91, mean BMI ±SD: 32.96± 3.13 selected and were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. Experimental group performed a session acute aerobic exercise on ergometer at intensity 25w that increased every two minute 25w to workload and performed to exhaustion every subject. Samples blood were taken after 12 hours fasting, before and after of program training. For analyzed of biochemical variables used ELISA method and for analyses data used ANOVA. Results of this study showed that acute aerobic training causes significant increase in level of plasma ANP in obese women (p=0.006). But no significant differences observe in plasma level of Endothelin-1. Also, any significant difference didn’t observe between pre and post-training values, were separately compared data in each group. Finally, according to results of this study, acute aerobic training causes of the direct relationship between obesity and hypertension and cardiovascular disease probably beneficial effects of physical activity in obese people is due to change in these indicators.

Nature Enhanced Meditation: Effects on Mindfulness, Connectedness to Nature, and Pro-Environmental Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 001391652095245
Author(s):  
Travis N. Ray ◽  
Scott A. Franz ◽  
Nicole L. Jarrett ◽  
Scott M. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Connectedness To Nature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Previous research suggests that meditation, a mindfulness exercise, could result in increased connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behavior. Exposure to nature also is associated with these outcomes. It was hypothesized that meditation alongside stimuli reminiscent of the natural environment would produce enhanced effects. Participants ( N = 97) were randomly assigned to complete a 4-week online meditation program consisting of a guided meditation paired with either nature sounds (“nature group”) or spa-like sounds (“control group”). Mindfulness, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior were assessed before and after the program. Meditation, in general, produced increases in mindfulness, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, the nature group had a greater rate of change in connectedness to nature when compared to the control group. The results extend previous cross-sectional research by demonstrating the beneficial effects of meditation on pro-environmental behavior and its theorized mechanisms, which may be informative for future research and interventions.

scholarly journals Exercise Induced Adipokine Changes and the Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Golbidi ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Exercise Induced

The lack of adequate physical activity and obesity created a worldwide pandemic. Obesity is characterized by the deposition of adipose tissue in various parts of the body; it is now evident that adipose tissue also acts as an endocrine organ capable of secreting many cytokines that are though to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines, or adipose tissue-derived proteins, play a pivotal role in this scenario. Increased secretion of proinflammatory adipokines leads to a chronic inflammatory state that is accompanied by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Lifestyle change in terms of increased physical activity and exercise is the best nonpharmacological treatment for obesity since these can reduce insulin resistance, counteract the inflammatory state, and improve the lipid profile. There is growing evidence that exercise exerts its beneficial effects partly through alterations in the adipokine profile; that is, exercise increases secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines and reduces proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper we briefly describe the pathophysiologic role of four important adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the metabolic syndrome and review some of the clinical trials that monitored these adipokines as a clinical outcome before and after exercise.

scholarly journals Modulation of Endothelial Glycocalyx and Microcirculation in Healthy Young Men during High-Intensity Sprint Interval Cycling-Exercise by Supplementation with Pomegranate Extract. A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4405
Author(s):  
Zivile Pranskuniene ◽  
Egle Belousoviene ◽  
Neringa Baranauskiene ◽  
Nerijus Eimantas ◽  
Egle Vaitkaitiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Interval Cycling ◽  
Experimental Group

The natural components of the pomegranate fruit may provide additional benefits for endothelial function and microcirculation. It was hypothesized that supplementation with pomegranate extract might improve glycocalyx properties and microcirculation during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling exercise. Eighteen healthy and recreationally active male volunteers 22–28 years of age were recruited randomly to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was supplemented with pomegranate extract 20 mL (720 mg phenolic compounds) for two weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, the participants completed a high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise protocol. The microcirculation flow and density parameters, glycocalyx markers, systemic hemodynamics, lactate, and glucose concentration were evaluated before and after the initial and repeated (after 2 weeks supplementation) exercise bouts. There were no significant differences in the microcirculation or glycocalyx over the course of the study (p < 0.05). The lactate concentration was significantly higher in both groups after the initial and repeated exercise bouts, and were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group after the repeated bout: 13.2 (11.9–14.8) vs. 10.3 (9.3–12.7) mmol/L, p = 0.017. Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate extract does not influence changes in the microcirculation and glycocalyx during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise. Although an unexplained rise in blood lactate concentration was observed.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity: A Mechanistic Model and Prospects for Promoting Plasticity

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenin El-Sayes ◽  
Diana Harasym ◽  
Claudia V. Turco ◽  
Mitchell B. Locke ◽  
Aimee J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Exercise Induced

Aerobic exercise improves cognitive and motor function by inducing neural changes detected using molecular, cellular, and systems level neuroscience techniques. This review unifies the knowledge gained across various neuroscience techniques to provide a comprehensive profile of the neural mechanisms that mediate exercise-induced neuroplasticity. Using a model of exercise-induced neuroplasticity, this review emphasizes the sequence of neural events that accompany exercise, and ultimately promote changes in human performance. This is achieved by differentiating between neuroplasticity induced by acute versus chronic aerobic exercise. Furthermore, this review emphasizes experimental considerations that influence the opportunity to observe exercise-induced neuroplasticity in humans. These include modifiable factors associated with the exercise intervention and nonmodifiable factors such as biological sex, ovarian hormones, genetic variations, and fitness level. To maximize the beneficial effects of exercise in health, disease, and following injury, future research should continue to explore the mechanisms that mediate exercise-induced neuroplasticity. This review identifies some fundamental gaps in knowledge that may serve to guide future research in this area.

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