scholarly journals Population consequences of climate change through effects on functional traits of lentic brown trout in the sub-Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Magnus Bærum ◽  
Anders G. Finstad ◽  
Eva Marita Ulvan ◽  
Thrond O. Haugen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Population Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Size At Age

AbstractClimate-induced plasticity in functional traits has received recent attention due to the immense importance phenotypic variation plays in population level responses. Here, we explore the effect of different climate-change scenarios on lentic populations of a freshwater ectotherm, the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), through climate effects on functional traits. We first parameterize models of climate variables on growth, spawning probability and fecundity. The models are utilized to inform a dynamic age-structured projection matrix, enabling long-term population viability projections under climate and population density variation. Ambient temperature and winter conditions had a substantial effect on population growth rate. In general, warmer summer temperatures resulted in faster growth rates for young fish but ended in smaller size at age as fish got older. Increasing summer temperatures also induced maturation at younger age and smaller size. In addition, we found effects of first-year growth on later growth trajectories for a fish, indicating that environmental conditions experienced the first year will also influence size at age later in life. At the population level, increasing temperatures average (up to 4 °C increase in areas with mean summer temperature at approximately 12 °C) resulted in a positive effect on population growth rate (i.e. smaller but more fish) during climate simulations including increasing and more variable temperatures.

scholarly journals Adaptation to Climate Change in Preindustrial Iceland

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Turner ◽  
Jeffrey S Rosenthal ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Chunyan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Short Run

We investigate the effect of climate change on population growth in 18th and 19th century Iceland. We find that annual temperature changes help determine the population growth rate in pre-industrial Iceland: a year 1 degree Celsius cooler than average drives down population growth rates by 1.14%. We also find that 18th and 19th century Icelanders adapt to prolonged changes in climate after 20 years. These adaptations reduce the short run effect of annual change in temperature by about 60%. Finally, a 1 degree Celsius sustained decrease in temperature decreases the steady state population by 10% to 26%.

scholarly journals Devil in the details: growth, productivity, and extinction risk of a data-sparse devil ray

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián A. Pardo ◽  
Holly K. Kindsvater ◽  
Elizabeth Cuevas-Zimbrón ◽  
Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki ◽  
Juan Carlos Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Size At Age

Devil rays (Mobulaspp.) face rapidly intensifying fishing pressure to meet the ongoing international trade and demand for their gill plates. This has been exacerbated by trade regulation of manta ray gill plates following their 2014 CITES listing. Furthermore, the paucity of information on growth, mortality, and fishing effort for devil rays make quantifying population growth rates and extinction risk challenging. Here, we use a published size-at-age dataset for a large-bodied devil ray species, the Spinetail Devil Ray (Mobula japanica), to estimate somatic growth rates, age at maturity, maximum age and natural and fishing mortality. From these estimates, we go on to calculate a plausible distribution of the maximum intrinsic population growth rate (rmax) and place the productivity of this large devil ray in context by comparing it to 95 other chondrichthyan species. We find evidence that larger devil rays have low somatic growth rate, low annual reproductive output, and low maximum population growth rates, suggesting they have low productivity. Devil ray maximum intrinsic population growth ratermaxis very similar to that of manta rays, indicating devil rays can potentially be driven to local extinction at low levels of fishing mortality. We show that fishing rates of a small-scale artisanal Mexican fishery were up to three times greater than the natural mortality rate, and twice as high as our estimate ofrmax, and therefore unsustainable. Our approach can be applied to assess the limits of fishing and extinction risk of any species with indeterminate growth, even with sparse size-at-age data.

Emergent Allee Effects through Biomass Overcompensation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
André M. de Roos ◽  
Lennart Persson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Allee Effect ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Allee Effects

This chapter discusses the emergence of a positive feedback between the density of predators and the availability of its food, mediated through biomass overcompensation in the prey life history stage that it forages on. This positive feedback between predation, prey availability, and thus predator population growth rate manifests itself at the population-level as an Allee effect for the predator: a predator population at low density will decline to extinction, whereas at high densities predators will manage to establish themselves in a community with prey. However, this positive relation between predator density and its population growth rate does not result from any positively density-dependent interactions among the predators themselves, which generally form the basis of an Allee effect. Instead, predators only interact with each other through exploitative competition for prey. The Allee effect emerges solely as a consequence of the demographic changes in the prey population, which are induced by the mortality that the predator imposes. For this reason this phenomenon is referred to as an “emergent Allee effect.”

scholarly journals Is Lahore's urban system ready to sustain climate change? The case in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafaat Nawaz ◽  
Saqlain Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Current System ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Annual Population

Lahore, the second largest city of Pakistan and home to more than 12 million people with annual population growth rate of 2.4%, has experienced deadly smog duration since last three years. Climate Change is a global challenge and administrations in major cities around the globe have started addressing the issue on top level. Lahore has also seen establishment and operation of various public sector institutions/offices which explicitly or implicitly claim to help Lahore sustain changing needs of urban system due to climate change. However, little is documented yet whether how effective have these interventions been at institutional level. This paper investigates policies, plans, procedures and regulations (whichever available) for seven relevant government offices on the basis of five key assessment areas to explore whether Lahore’s urban system is ready to sustain the challenge of Climate Change. The investigation covers the debate on policy to the plan level. Institutional abilities of selected government offices have been analyzed to ascertain their efficacy. In essence; the capacity of current system has been documented, the gaps in the system have been outlined and the prospective solutions for the way forward have been suggested in this study.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on population growth across a species’ range differ due to nonlinear responses of populations to climate and variation in rates of climate change

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247290
Author(s):  
Allison M. Louthan ◽  
William Morris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Variable ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Nonlinear Responses ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Impacts of climate change can differ substantially across species’ geographic ranges, and impacts on a given population can be difficult to predict accurately. A commonly used approximation for the impacts of climate change on the population growth rate is the product of local changes in each climate variable (which may differ among populations) and the sensitivity (the derivative of the population growth rate with respect to that climate variable), summed across climate variables. However, this approximation may not be accurate for predicting changes in population growth rate across geographic ranges, because the sensitivities to climate variables or the rate of climate change may differ among populations. In addition, while this approximation assumes a linear response of population growth rate to climate, population growth rate is typically a nonlinear function of climate variables. Here, we use climate-driven integral projection models combined with projections of future climate to predict changes in population growth rate from 2008 to 2099 for an uncommon alpine plant species, Douglasia alaskana, in a rapidly warming location, southcentral Alaska USA. We dissect the causes of among-population variation in climate change impacts, including magnitude of climate change in each population and nonlinearities in population response to climate change. We show that much of the variation in climate change impacts across D. alaskana’s range arises from nonlinearities in population response to climate. Our results highlight the critical role of nonlinear responses to climate change impacts, suggesting that current responses to increases in temperature or changes in precipitation may not continue indefinitely under continued changes in climate. Further, our results suggest the degree of nonlinearity in climate responses and the shape of responses (e.g., convex or concave) can differ substantially across populations, such that populations may differ dramatically in responses to future climate even when their current responses are quite similar.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN KAPASITAS TAMPUNGAN EMBUNG DANAU ASAM KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Asril Zevri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
The West

This study aims to analyze the requirement for the storage capacity of Danau Asam Reservoir as one of the solutions in increasing the availability of water to meet the needs of raw water due to population growth and climate change which is quite extreme. The study was conducted in the Danau Asam Reservoir with source of water from two watersheds that flow into the reservoir, namely the Lopo River Basin with a catchment area of 11.81 Km2 and Kamat Bay with a catchment area of 12.42 Km2 in Kotawaringin Lama District in the West Kotawaringin Regency. The method used is a quantitative approach based on a simulation of the water balance between the inflow and outflow. The inflow parameter is calculated based on 90% probability reliable discharge using the FJ Mock method in two watersheds and the outflow parameter is based on the raw water demand discharge which is calculated based on the population growth rate. The result of the research indicate that the capacity of the Danau Asam Reservoir is 391,842.72 m3 to meet the raw water needs in Kotawaringin Lama District with a population of 35397 people.Keywords: Drought, Raw Water, Storage, Kotawaringin Barat

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change on Plant Population Growth Rate and Community Composition Change

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0126228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yu Chang ◽  
Bao-Ming Chen ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Rong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Composition Change

scholarly journals Trophic interactions and population growth rates: describing patterns and identifying mechanisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1425) ◽  
pp. 1259-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Hudson ◽  
Andy P. Dobson ◽  
Isabella M. Cattadori ◽  
David Newborn ◽  
Dan T. Haydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Negative Growth

While the concept of population growth rate has been of central importance in the development of the theory of population dynamics, few empirical studies consider the intrinsic growth rate in detail, let alone how it may vary within and between populations of the same species. In an attempt to link theory with data we take two approaches. First, we address the question 'what growth rate patterns does theory predict we should see in time–series?' The models make a number of predictions, which in general are supported by a comparative study between time–series of harvesting data from 352 red grouse populations. Variations in growth rate between grouse populations were associated with factors that reflected the quality and availability of the main food plant of the grouse. However, while these results support predictions from theory, they provide no clear insight into the mechanisms influencing reductions in population growth rate and regulation. In the second part of the paper, we consider the results of experiments, first at the individual level and then at the population level, to identify the important mechanisms influencing changes in individual productivity and population growth rate. The parasitic nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis is found to have an important influence on productivity, and when incorporated into models with their patterns of distribution between individuals has a destabilizing effect and generates negative growth rates. The hypothesis that negative growth rates at the population level were caused by parasites was demonstrated by a replicated population level experiment. With a sound and tested model framework we then explore the interaction with other natural enemies and show that in general they tend to stabilize variations in growth rate. Interestingly, the models show selective predators that remove heavily infected individuals can release the grouse from parasite–induced regulation and allow equilibrium populations to rise. By contrast, a tick–borne virus that killed chicks simply leads to a reduction in the equilibrium. When humans take grouse they do not appear to stabilize populations and this may be because many of the infective stages are available for infection before harvesting commences. In our opinion, an understanding of growth rates and population dynamics is best achieved through a mechanistic approach that includes a sound experimental approach with the development of models. Models can be tested further to explore how the community of predators and others interact with their prey.

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