scholarly journals Silicon via nutrient solution modulates deficient and sufficient manganese sugar and energy cane antioxidant systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Silva Oliveira ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Mirela Vantini Checchio ◽  
Priscila Lupino Gratão
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Energy Cane ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractManganese (Mn) is highly demanded by Poaceae, and its deficiency induces physiological and biochemical responses in plants. Silicon (Si), which is beneficial to plants under various stress conditions, may also play an important role in plants without stress. However, the physiological and nutritional mechanisms of Si to improve Mn nutrition in sugarcane and energy cane, in addition to mitigating deficiency stress, are still unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the mechanisms of action of Si are related to the nutrition of Mn by modulating the antioxidant defense system of sugarcane plants and energy cane plants cultivated in nutrient solution, favoring the physiological and growth factors of plants cultivated under Mn deficiency or sufficiency. Two experiments were carried out with pre-sprouted seedlings of Saccharum officinarum L. and Saccharum spontaneum L. grown in the nutrient solution. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Plants were grown under Mn sufficiency (20.5 µmol L−1) and the deficiency (0.1 µmol L−1) associated with the absence and presence of Si (2.0 mmol L−1). Mn deficiency caused oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing GPOX activity, contents of phenols, pigments, and photosynthetic efficiency, and led to the growth of both studied species. Si improved the response of both species to Mn supply. The attenuation of the effects of Mn deficiency by Si depends on species, with a higher benefit for Saccharum spontaneum. Its performance is involved in reducing the degradation of cells by reactive oxygen species (21%), increasing the contents of phenols (18%), carotenoids (64%), proteins, modulating SOD activity, and improving photosynthetic and growth responses.

DNA Barcoding and Phylogenetic Analysis Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Based on matK ( maturase K) Gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Ganies Riza Aristya ◽  
Fauzana Putri ◽  
Rina Sri Kasiamdari ◽  
Arni Musthofa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
I Gene ◽  
Sequencing Process

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an agricultural commodities with a great extent of diversity and high economic value. In Indonesia, the great extent of diversity of sugarcane is evidenced by a large number of cultivars cultivated. Sugarcane diversities at the molecular level can be seen using DNA barcodes, one of which is the matK. The purpose of the study was to identify and characterize matK and reconstruct the phylogenetic tree to determine the phylogeny of 24 sugarcane cultivars Indonesia. matK was amplified using the PCR method with matK F-5’ATGATTAATTAAGAGTAAGAGGAT-3’ and matK R-5’AATGCAAAAATTCGAAGGGT-3. Results showed that the matK gene was successfully amplified as many as 1531 bp. The sequencing process was done to determine the nucleotide sequence and compared with those of the GenBank database. It showed that the samples used had a similarity of 98.87%-99.44% to that of matK in Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum hybrid cultivar and Saccharum spontaneum. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree showed that the samples used were located in the same clade with a zero genetic distance, while all the references from NCBI were also located in the same clade. The analysis of genetic variation indicated that it had no haplotype value.

Protective effects of resveratrol against X-ray irradiation by regulating antioxidant defense system

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
S. Salehi ◽  
MR. Bayatiani ◽  
P. Yaghmaei ◽  
S. Rajabi ◽  
MT. Goodarzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol

Ionizing radiation interacts with biomolecules to produce free radicals, which can damage all components of the cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of different doses of resveratrol against X-ray-induced damage in male rat. The animals were divided into five groups, each composed of six rats: two groups as control groups received saline or ethanol (ethanol in saline, 25%, V/V as a vehicle). Two groups received resveratrol (5 and 10 mg/kg.bwt) for 30 days before X-ray exposure. One group received X-ray. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last exposure, blood samples were collected and serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by spectrophotometric method. X-ray irradiation significantly increased the levels of MDA and decreased TAC as well as SOD activity as compared with control groups. Furthermore, resveratrol pretreatment led to remarkable decrease in MDA concentration and increase in the activities of SOD and CAT as well as TAC compared to those of controls. Our results revealed antioxidant properties of resveratrol and suggest it as a potent radioprotector to ameliorate X-irradiation induced damage in the body.

The roles of methyl jasmonate to stress in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaxia Yu ◽  
Wenjin Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiaojia Zhang ◽  
Duoyong Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Plants are constantly exposed to various stresses, which can degrade their health. The stresses can be alleviated by the application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which is a hormone involved in plant signalling. MeJA induces synthesis of defensive compounds and initiates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes involved in systemic acquired resistance and local resistance. Thus, MeJA may be used against pathogens, salt stress, drought stress, low temperature, heavy metal stress and toxicities of other elements. The application of MeJA improves growth, induces the accumulation of active compounds, and affects endogenous hormones levels, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics in stressed plants. Furthermore, MeJA antagonises the adverse effects of osmotic stress by regulating inorganic penetrating ions or organic penetrants to suppress the absorption of toxic ions. MeJA also mitigates oxidative stress by activating antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stressed plants. For these reasons, we reviewed the use of exogenous MeJA in alleviating biotic (pathogens and insects) and abiotic stresses in plants.

scholarly journals Alteration of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant systems in tomato under drought with Tebuconazole and Hexaconazole applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Maruthaiya Arivalagan ◽  
Ramamurthy Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Pigment Variation

Present investigation was focused on the response and regulation of the antioxidant defense system and photosynthetic pigment variation effect of two important fungicides or plant growth regulators Hexaconazole (HEX) and Tebuconazole (TBZ) on drought stressed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. Drought stress was imposed for 30 Days after sowing (DAS) of tomato plant. The water was irrigated by 4 Days Interval Drought (DID) and the control plants were regularly irrigated. Triazole treatment like HEX at 15 mg L-1 and TBZ at 10 mg L-1 imposed on 30, 40 and 50 DAS. The plant samples were collected on 40, 50 and 60 DAS. The photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll – a, chlorophyll – b and total chlorophyll were estimated. The drought stress reduced the photosynthetic pigments and increased the antioxidant contents and antioxidant enzymes activities. The combined drought stress with triazole treatments increased the photosynthetic pigments then reduced the ascorbic acid (AA), α-tocopherol, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, when compared to drought stressed plants. It can be concluded that the triazole treatment partially mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress in L. esculentum.

Peronosclerospora spontanea. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronosclerospora spontanea (W. Weston) C.G. Shaw. Fungi: Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), giant Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus japonicus), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and teosinte (Zea mexicana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (the Philippines, Thailand).

scholarly journals Chronic NOS Inhibition Affects Oxidative State and Antioxidant Response Differently in the Kidneys of Young Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Majzunova ◽  
M. Kvandova ◽  
A. Berenyiova ◽  
P. Balis ◽  
I. Dovinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Oxidative State

Deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress can be a cause, a consequence, or, more often, a potentiating factor for hypertension and hypertensive renal disease. Both NO and superoxide anions are radical molecules that interact with each other, leading to oxidative damage of such organs as the kidney. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic-specific (neuronal NOS inhibition) and nonspecific NOS inhibition on the oxidative state and antioxidant response and associated oxidative damage of the kidney of young normotensive and hypertensive rats. Young male normotensive Wistar rats (WRs, age 4 weeks) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, age 4 weeks) were divided into three groups for each strain by the type of administered compounds. The first group was treated with 7-nitroindazole (WR+7-NI; SHR+7-NI), the second group was treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (WR+L-NAME; SHR+L-NAME), and the control group was treated with pure drinking water (WR; SHR) continuously for up to 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure increased in WR+L-NAME after the first week of administration and increased slightly in SHR+L-NAME in the third week of treatment. 7-NI had no effect on blood pressure. While total NOS activity was not affected by chronic NOS inhibition in any of the WR groups, it was attenuated in SHR+7-NI and SHR+L-NAME. Nitration of proteins (3-nitrotyrosine expression) was significantly reduced in WR+7NI but not in WR+L-NAME and increased in SHR+7-NI and SHR+L-NAME. Immunoblotting analysis of SOD isoforms showed decreased SOD2 and SOD3 expressions in both WR+7-NI and WR+L-NAME followed by increased SOD activity in WR+L-NAME. Conversely, increased expression of SOD2 and SOD3 was observed in SHR+L-NAME and SHR+7-NI, respectively. SOD1 expression and total activity of SOD did not change in the SHR groups. Our results show that the antioxidant defense system plays an important role in maintaining the oxidative state during NO deficiency. While the functioning antioxidant system seeks to balance the oxidation state in the renal cortex of normotensive WRs, the impaired antioxidant activity leads to the development of oxidative damage of proteins in the kidney induced by peroxynitrite in SHRs.

Influence of commonly used clinical antidotes on antioxidant systems in human hepatocyte culture intoxicated with α-amanitin

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Magdalan ◽  
Aleksandra Piotrowska ◽  
Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Sozański ◽  
Adam Szeląg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Human Hepatocyte ◽  
Hepatocyte Culture ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Severe Hepatotoxicity ◽  
Primary Mechanism

α-Amanitin (α-AMA) is the main toxin of Amanita phalloides and its subspecies (A. virosa and A. verna). The primary mechanism of α-AMA toxicity is associated with protein synthesis blocking in hepatocytes. Additionally, α-AMA exhibits prooxidant properties that may contribute to its severe hepatotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of α-AMA on lipid peroxidation and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in human hepatocyte culture. The effects of benzylpenicillin (BPCN), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (ACC), and silibinin (SIL) on SOD and CAT activities and on lipid peroxidation in human hepatocyte culture intoxicated with α-AMA were also examined. In human hepatocyte culture, 48-hour exposure to α-AMA at a 2-μM concentration caused an increase in SOD activity, a reduction of CAT activity, and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. Changes in SOD and CAT activity caused by α-AMA could probably enhance lipid peroxidation by increased generation of hydrogen peroxide combined with reduced detoxification of that oxygen radical. The addition of antidotes (ACC or SIL) to the culture medium provided more effective protection against lipid peroxidation in human hepatocytes intoxicated with α-AMA than the addition of BPCN, possessing no antioxidant properties.

Oxidative stress in proliferative lesions of parathyroid gland

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mariusz Deska ◽  
Oliwia Segiet ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Grzegorz Buła ◽  
Joanna Polczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Sh Groups

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders and defined as excessive secretion of parathormone. PHPT is a risk factor of several cardiovascular diseases, which could be caused by alterations in oxidant-antioxidant balance. Materials and methods: Blood serum collected from 52 consecutive patients with PHPT treated surgically constituted our study material, whereas 36 healthy volunteers were our control group. Oxidative stress was evaluated in both patients and control subjects by assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxides (LHP). Antioxidants were evaluated by the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ceruloplasmin (CER), catalase (CAT), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase activity (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). Moreover total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were measured and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results: OSI was increased in patients with PHPT when compared to normal controls, whereas TAC was lower in PHPT. The levels of CER, MnSOD, GR, SH groups and MDA were significantly decreased in PHPT. The levels of serum LHP, catalase and SOD were significantly higher in patients with PHPT than in healthy patients. The erythrocyte CAT activity and GST were significantly increased in patients after parathyroidectomy. The erythrocyte GR and GPx were up-regulated postoperatively, whereas SOD activity decreased. Conclusions: In PHPT there are several alterations in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system.

Chemoprotection of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats by kolaviron, isolated biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seed

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Adedara ◽  
EO Farombi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether

The present study investigated the protective effect of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from the seed of Garcinia kola, on ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE)–induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. The protective effect of kolaviron was validated using vitamin E, a standard antioxidant. EGEE was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Other groups of rats were simultaneously treated with kolaviron (100 and 200 mg/kg) and vitamin E (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. EGEE treatment resulted in significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities but markedly increased the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the testes. In the spermatozoa, administration of EGEE caused significant decrease in the activities of CAT, GPx, GST and LDH as well as in the level of GSH but significantly increased SOD activity with concomitant increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in both testes and spermatozoa. EGEE-exposed rats showed marked testicular degeneration with concomitant decrease in spermatozoa quantity and quality. Overall, EGEE causes reproductive dysfunction in rats by altering antioxidant systems in the testes and spermatozoa. Kolaviron or vitamin E exhibited protective effects against EGEE-induced male reproductive toxicity by enhancement of antioxidant status and improvement in spermatozoa quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of accumulation and tolerance characteristics in Arabidopsis thaliana under Cr(III) and Cr(VI) stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Han ◽  
Guotao Ding ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Giuiying Li ◽  
Weihao Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Chromium Accumulation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In this study, for the first time we investigated Cr(III) and Cr(VI) stress-induced physiological and biochemical responses in Arabidopsis thaliana . The capacity of A. thalian to accumulate Cr is closely related to the valence of chromium. Cr(VI) was more toxic than Cr(III) as indicated by chromium accumulation and growth inhibition. When the concentration of chromium is greater than 200μM, the root length and biomass of A. thaliana are reduced. But interestingly, Cr(III) at 200μM increased the root length and biomass of A. thaliana compared to the control. The transmission electron microscope shows that Cr(VI) can cause the chloroplasts damaged and the chlorophyll reduced more than Cr(III). The chloroplasts were filled the starch grains. An increase of lipid peroxidation in A. thaliana roots caused by Cr was measured, and this effect increases as the increasing Cr. It indicated that A. thaliana suffers from Cr-induced oxidative stress which resulted cell death in roots. To fight against oxidative stress, Ascorbate peroxidase and Glutathione reductase were activated by Cr in antioxidant defense. The inhibition of growth, the accumulation of chromium, the responses of antioxidant systems, and the ultra-morphological changes indicate that Cr(VI) was more toxic than Cr(III) .

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