Handheld and non-destructive methodologies for the compositional investigation of meteorite fragments

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 6301-6309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Crupi ◽  
Alessandra Giunta ◽  
Barry Kellett ◽  
Francesca Longo ◽  
Giacomo Maisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Non Destructive

In the present study, an innovative methodological approach has been proposed in order to characterize meteoritic samples without removing or causing damage to any part of them.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF WEATHERING DAMAGE ON STONE MONUMENTS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Jürgen Fitzner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Damage Diagnosis ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract: Stone monuments represent an important part of our world´s cultural heritage. The awareness of increasing stone damage on monuments and the danger of irretrievable loss of cultural heritage have resulted in great efforts worldwide for sustainable monument preservation. A precise damage diagnosis with the comprehensive characterization, interpretation and rating of stone damage represents the basis for effective and economic monument preservation measures. The experienced methodological approach to the assessment of stone damage combines in situ investigation and laboratory studies. The monument mapping method is presented as an established non-destructive procedure for in situ studies on stone damage. It can be applied to all stone types and to all kinds of stone monuments. The use of weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices for the registration, documentation, quantitative evaluation and rating of stone damage is explained. Furthermore, complementary in situ measurements are discussed. A wide range of analytical procedures and weathering simulation tests contribute to modern damage diagnosis on stone monuments.Keywords: damage, stone, monumentsResumo: INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE DANOS DO INTEMPERISMO PARA MONUMENTOS EM PEDRA. Os monumentos em pedra representam uma parte importante do patrimônio cultural do mundo. A consciência do aumento dos danos causados ao material pétreo nesses monumentos e o perigo de perda irrecuperável desse património resultaram em grandes esforços a nível mundial para a preservação sustentável desses monumentos. Um diagnóstico preciso de danos com a caracterização, interpretação e avaliação abrangentes desses danos causados às pedras representa a base para a adoção de medidas de conservação eficazes e econômicas. A abordagem metodológica a ser adotada para a avaliação desses danos deve combinar a investigação in situ e estudos laboratoriais. Nessa abordagem o mapeamento de monumentos é apresentado como um procedimento não destrutivo estabelecido para os estudos in situ sobre danos causados às pedras, podendo ser aplicado a todos os tipos de pedra e a todos os tipos de monumentos construídos com a pedra. Nesse trabalho, o uso de formas de intemperismo, categorias de danos e índices de danos para o registro, documentação, avaliação quantitativa e classificação de danos para a pedra é explicado. Além disso, discutem-se medidas complementares a serem adotadas in situ. Uma ampla gama de procedimentos analíticos e testes de simulação de meteorização contribuem para o diagnóstico de danos modernos em monumentos construídos em pedra.Palavras Chave: dano, pedra, monumentos

scholarly journals New challenges in the study of lithic raw materials in central Italy at the dawn of metal working societies: La Pietra and other radiolarite quarry-workshops in Tuscany

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sem Scaramucci ◽  
Vanessa Volpi ◽  
Armando Costantini ◽  
Marco Giamello ◽  
Alessandro Donati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

In central-southern Tuscany radiolarite has been used as a lithic raw material throughout prehistory. During the Copper Age it was selected for the local production of leaf-shaped artefacts. In the area considered, the Copper Age record is almost totally restricted to burials and virtually no settlements have been investigated so far. Radiolarite artefacts are found mostly as refined arrow and, possibly javelin, heads used as grave goods.Within this context, the discovery and recent investigation of the large radiolarite quarry of La Pietra (Roccastrada, Grosseto) and of the related workshops is of great interest. Our aim here is to integrate the record from this site with other contemporary evidence of radiolarite exploitation. A programme of surveys has thus begun on the other radiolarite outcrops of the area in order to verify the existence of further rock quarrying or working. The discovery of a previously unknown quarry-workshop and two previously unknown workshops on radiolarite outcrops is presented here for the first time. The geological and archaeological data coming from the quarry-workshops will be used, in a future stage of research, to source the radiolarite artefacts found in Copper Age graves of Central Italy. The Copper age armatures are valuable artefacts mostly kept in museums and fully non-destructive analyses must be applied to them. To tackle these challenges, we followed a methodological approach which integrates field surveys, the individuation of petrographic markers of the most exploited radiolarite horizons and geochemical analyses. For geochemical characterization, we made use of pXRF portable spectrometer and here we present some preliminary results in the light of current methodological debate.In conclusion, even if some methodological questions remain open, we verified the feasibility of this programme of geographical, geological and geochemical characterizations and need now to increase our dataset in order to reconstruct a viable picture of Copper age lithic economy in central-southern Tuscany.

scholarly journals Recycling-Oriented Characterization of Post-Earthquake Building Waste by Different Sensing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Oriana Trotta ◽  
Giuseppe Bonifazi ◽  
Giuseppe Capobianco ◽  
Silvia Serranti
Keyword(s):  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

In this paper, a methodological approach based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) working in the short-wave infrared range (1000–2500 nm) was developed and applied for the recycling-oriented characterization of post-earthquake building waste. In more detail, the presence of residual cement mortar on the surface of tile fragments that can be recycled as aggregates was estimated. The acquired hyperspectral images were analyzed by applying different chemometric methods: principal component analysis (PCA) for data exploration and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to build classification models. Micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) maps were also obtained on the same samples in order to validate the HSI classification results. Results showed that it is possible to identify cement mortar on the surface of the recycled tile, evaluating its degree of liberation. The recognition is automatic and non-destructive and can be applied for recycling-oriented purposes at recycling plants.

The Reference Signal of Geomagnetic Field for MMM Expert Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 384-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Witoś
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

The first step of a methodological approach to the validation of the metal magnetic memory (MMM) method in non-destructive testing (NDT) applications and in systems used for the diagnosis of early stages of material fatigue in mechanical constructions (structural health monitoring, SHM, and prognosis health management, PHM) has been presented in the paper. The study is focused on the properties of the external natural source of magnetisation of the object under MMM examination and the impact of its components. The precise data of the Earth's geomagnetism measurements (from ground stations and satellites) and the revised model of the Earth's magnetism can be applied in order to calibrate high sensitive magnetic field sensors, validate measurement results and extend the functional capacity of the MMM method.

scholarly journals Representation and knowledge of historic construction: HBIM for structural use in the case of Villa Palma-Guazzaroni in Terni

Rivista Tema ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Vol. 7 (N. 1 (2021)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Currà ◽  
Alessandro D’Amico ◽  
Marco Angelosanti
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Structural Point

A validated method for the digital representation of historic construction through HBIM permits assessment of compliance with workmanlike practices and structural performance. The construction of an appropriate model is closely linked to survey methodology, to the integrated application of multiple techniques of direct and indirect survey and non-destructive tests. The paper specifically deals with the complementarity between photogrammetry based on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) with TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner). Finally, through this methodology, the HBIM model set for structural use allows the analysis of local mechanisms in order to verify the performance of the building. The methodological approach to the relationship between constructive survey and construction of the HBIM model to understand and evaluate the building organism from a structural point of view is exposed using Villa Palma-Guazzaroni in Terni as a case study. The Villa is representative of architectural heritage resulting from an original unitary intervention and subsequently affected by several modifications that, without obscuring many of the original values, have nevertheless altered the building and its architectural characteristics.

scholarly journals Physical and methodological approach to the modern methods of the investigation of dental materials properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2056 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
A N Kobzar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Each medical doctor should be able to complete professional tasks using their knowledge of physics, especially when providing a comprehensive care to a patient. This article reveals how to use knowledge of the course of physics specially developed of a Medical University to help trainee medical doctors to develop skills to complete professional tasks. Content of physics and its tasks for a Medical University must be professionally oriented. This article provides a classification of professionally oriented questions of physics specially made to be taught at a Medical University. It also gives content a sample of a professionally oriented task in physics for a Medical University. All these above mentioned tasks are closely correlating with each other. As an example, the article explains specific of teaching Biophysics at a Medical University. Professionally oriented content of Biomechanics - modern methods of study properties of materials used for dental care. Methods of physics for destructive inspection testing: tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness of materials, Poisson's ratio, fluctuating stress and dynamic testing etc. Methods of physics for non-destructive inspection testing: thermal, acoustic, optical, radio-wave, radiative, capillary, magnetic and electric testing.

Luminescence from individual dislocations in II-VI and III-V semiconductors

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
J W Steeds
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
Carrier Recombination ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Semiconducting Compounds ◽  
Diamond Group ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Technological Significance

There is a wide range of experimental results related to dislocations in diamond, group IV, II-VI, III-V semiconducting compounds, but few of these come from isolated, well-characterized individual dislocations. We are here concerned with only those results obtained in a transmission electron microscope so that the dislocations responsible were individually imaged. The luminescence properties of the dislocations were studied by cathodoluminescence performed at low temperatures (~30K) achieved by liquid helium cooling. Both spectra and monochromatic cathodoluminescence images have been obtained, in some cases as a function of temperature.There are two aspects of this work. One is mainly of technological significance. By understanding the luminescence properties of dislocations in epitaxial structures, future non-destructive evaluation will be enhanced. The second aim is to arrive at a good detailed understanding of the basic physics associated with carrier recombination near dislocations as revealed by local luminescence properties.

Forensic Identifications Aided by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicone-Epoxy Microreplicas of Calcified and Cornified Structures

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 678-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Sognnaes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Extended Application ◽  
Tissue Surfaces ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Surface Changes

Sufficient experience has been gained during the past five years to suggest an extended application of microreplication and scanning electron microscopy to problems of forensic science. The author's research was originally initiated with a view to develop a non-destructive method for identification of materials that went into objects of art, notably ivory and ivories. This was followed by a very specific application to the identification and duplication of the kinds of materials from animal teeth and tusks which two centuries ago went into the fabrication of the ivory dentures of George Washington. Subsequently it became apparent that a similar method of microreplication and SEM examination offered promise for a whole series of problems pertinent to art, technology and science. Furthermore, what began primarily as an application to solid substances has turned out to be similarly applicable to soft tissue surfaces such as mucous membranes and skin, even in cases of acute, chronic and precancerous epithelial surface changes, and to post-mortem identification of specific structures pertinent to forensic science.

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