Evaluating the carbon inventory, carbon fluxes and carbon cycles for a long-term sustainable world

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 3994-4013 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tomkins ◽  
T. E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Compartments ◽  
Carbon Inventory

Propositioning carbon to be seen a valuable resource, pathways towards establishing anthropogenic carbon cycles are outlined based on systematic analysis of the carbon inventory and fluxes throughout the different environmental compartments on earth.

Problems of the modern society and ethnic separatism in North-Eastern India (NER)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Resource Search ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern India

This article deals with the issue of North-Eastern India, its current social and economic problems in the context of long-term demonstrations of the ethnic separatism. The main aim of the research implies systematic analysis and identification of key factors and reasons perpetuating separatism in NER as well as resource search which determines Indian strategy in solving this problem. The first part of the article is devoted to separatism peculiarities in the region which remains withdrawn and underexplored in many respects. Apart from this, the author provides a quite detailed analysis of negative mentality of the certain part of NER population which justifiably reproaches New Delhi for “discrimination” and inability to solve many problems of the region. Then the author paid the detailed attention to these problems of NER modern society (ethnic, demographic, economic, transport, social etc.) as well as measures undertaken by the Indian government for its settlement.

scholarly journals Framework for patient-ventilator asynchrony during long-term non-invasive ventilation

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Gonzalez-Bermejo ◽  
Jean-Paul Janssens ◽  
Claudio Rabec ◽  
Christophe Perrin ◽  
Frédéric Lofaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Polygraphic Recordings ◽  
Bench Testing

Episodes of patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) occur during acute and chronic non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV). In long-term NIV, description and quantification of PVA is not standardised, thus limiting assessment of its clinical impact. The present report provides a framework for a systematic analysis of polygraphic recordings of patients under NIV for the detection and classification of PVA validated by bench testing. The algorithm described uses two different time windows: rate asynchrony and intracycle asynchrony. This approach should facilitate further studies on prevalence and clinical impact of PVA in long-term NIV.

Prescribing practice: an overview of the principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022
Author(s):  
Aby Mitchell ◽  
Reuben Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Nurse Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Hospital Stays

Nurse prescribing has become a well-established aspect of advanced clinical practice working alongside key NHS principles and drivers to address the increasing complexities in patient care and the demands on the health service. Prescribing practice is governed by ethical and legal principles to ensure a holistic patient-centred approach. It has been recognised as a valuable resource that could effectively transform healthcare services to reduce hospital admissions and long hospital stays and improve the quality of life for patients with long-term conditions and multiple comorbidities. This article will provide an overview of prescribing practice.

scholarly journals Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: A synthesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Fennel ◽  
Simone Alin ◽  
Leticia Barbero ◽  
Wiley Evans ◽  
Timotheé Bourgeois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
North American ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon

Abstract. A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries, specifically the air-sea, land-to-coastal-ocean and coastal-to-open-ocean interfaces, is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress in characterizing these carbon fluxes with focus on the North American coastal ocean. Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying net air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2). Some studies have estimated other key fluxes, such as the exchange of organic and inorganic carbon between shelves and the open ocean. Available estimates of air-sea CO2 flux, informed by more than a decade of observations, indicate that the North American margins act as a net sink for atmospheric CO2. This net uptake is driven primarily by the high-latitude regions. The estimated magnitude of the net flux is 160 ± 80 Tg C/y for the North American Exclusive Economic Zone, a number that is not well constrained. The increasing concentration of inorganic carbon in coastal and open-ocean waters leads to ocean acidification. As a result conditions favouring dissolution of calcium carbonate occur regularly in subsurface coastal waters in the Arctic, which are naturally prone to low pH, and the North Pacific, where upwelling of deep, carbon-rich waters has intensified and, in combination with the uptake of anthropogenic carbon, leads to low seawater pH and aragonite saturation states during the upwelling season. Expanded monitoring and extension of existing model capabilities are required to provide more reliable coastal carbon budgets, projections of future states of the coastal ocean, and quantification of anthropogenic carbon contributions.

Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Diagnostic Delay on Bowel Damage in Paediatric Versus Adult Onset Crohn’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1334-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Schoepfer ◽  
Jessica Santos ◽  
Nicolas Fournier ◽  
Susanne Schibli ◽  
Johannes Spalinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Internal Fistula ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Length of diagnostic delay is associated with bowel strictures and intestinal surgery in adult patients with Crohn’s disease [CD]. Here we assessed whether diagnostic delay similarly impacts on the natural history of paediatric CD patients. Methods Data from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study were analysed. Frequency of CD-related complications [bowel stenosis, perianal fistula, internal fistula, any fistula, resection surgery, fistula/abscess surgery, any complication] at diagnosis and in the long term [up to 30 years after CD diagnosis] was compared between paediatric patients [diagnosed <18 years] and adult patients [diagnosed ≥18 years] using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression modelling. Results From 2006 to 2016, 387 paediatric and 1163 adult CD patients were included. Median [interquartile range: IQR] diagnostic delay was 3 [1–9] for the paediatric and 6 [1–24] months for the adult group, respectively. Adult onset CD patients presented at diagnosis more frequently with bowel stenosis [p <0.001] and bowel surgery [p <0.001] compared with paediatric CD patients. In the long term, length of diagnostic delay was significantly associated with bowel stenosis [p = 0.001], internal fistula [p = 0.038], and any complication [p = 0.024] in the adult onset CD population. No significant association between length of diagnostic delay and CD-related outcomes in the long term was observed in the paediatric population. Conclusions Adult CD patients have longer diagnostic delay compared with paediatric CD patients and present at diagnosis more often with bowel stenosis and surgery. Length of diagnostic delay was found to be predictive for CD-related complications only in the adult but not in the paediatric CD population.

scholarly journals Carbonate system properties and anthropogenic carbon inventory in the Algerian Basin during SOMBA cruise (2014): Acidification estimate

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 103783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdia Asma Keraghel ◽  
Ferial Louanchi ◽  
Mohamed Zerrouki ◽  
Malik Aït Kaci ◽  
Nadira Aït-Ameur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate System ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon ◽  
System Properties ◽  
Carbon Inventory

scholarly journals Persistent, Ecotoxic and Bioaccumulative Compounds and their Possible Environmental Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ballschmiter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Major Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pollutant Transfer ◽  
Environmental Compartments

The relationship between physicochemical properties, environmental distribution and effects of organochlorine compounds as a major class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are discussed. The environmental fate of a compound includes its transport and dispersion in the environment as well as its accumulation and transformation in defined environmental compartments. Accumulation and transformation as the result of environmental distribution may have long-term consequences; this is indicated by the ultimate accumulation and long-term bioactivity of several widely spread organochlorines, and is clearly evident in the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere.Depending on the order of trophic levelsbiomagnifiaction factors of 10,000 up to 100,000 are encountered for persistentsemivolatile organochlorines such as 4,4'-DDE, PCB congeners or some Toxapheneconstituents. Mammals show intra-species pollutant transfer during thelactation period. While the mother animal is partly depleting its bodyburden, the calve accumulates in a critical period of its life via themilk a concentrated input of persistent organochlorines. A similar depletionphenomenon is also found for fish and crustacean which enrich in the eggsa substantial part of the accumulated body burden of the female.The air skimming of semivolatiles by plantsurfaces leads to surprisingly high levels of pollutants in the uppersoil layers of forests that otherwise would be considered pristine interms of human activities.

scholarly journals RAD-Seq Data Point to a Distinct Split in Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae) and Obvious East–West Genetic Divergence in L. chinense

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongda Zhong ◽  
Aihong Yang ◽  
Shujuan Liu ◽  
Lipan Liu ◽  
Yanqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
Base Group ◽  
East West ◽  
Tertiary Period

Liriodendron is a Tertiary period relic tree genus with a typical East Asian and North American disjunction distribution pattern. As an angiosperm base group of trees, Liriodendron provides a valuable resource for the study of evolution processes. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny and population genetic structure of Liriodendron based on the restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) of a wide collection of individuals from 16 populations. Our results reveal a clear phylogenetic break between L. chinense and L. tulipifera and obvious genetic divergence between the eastern and western populations of L. chinense, which are consistent with the patterns of geographical distributions. The phylogeographic history and long-term geographical isolation of the genus may be responsible for this pattern. Furthermore, a closer relationship was found between L. tulipifera and the eastern populations of L. chinense, indicating the ancient phylogeny of L. chinense in this area. The results of this study will aid in the development of scientific strategies for the conservation and utilization of the Liriodendron germplasm.

From Long-term Contract to Market: An RBC Perspective on International Negotiations of Iron Ore Prices in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2009–2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-371
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
Xiaochun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Term Contract

Abstract The collapse of a long-term contract-based (LTC) benchmark system and the rise of a market-based index system in international negotiations of iron ore prices in the Asia-Pacific region has attracted much media attention. However, a systematic analysis of why and how such a change occurred from a negotiation point of view is absent. Drawing upon a relationship-behavior-conditions (RBC) perspective from the international business (IB) negotiation literature, this article investigates how negotiations between parties unfolded during the 2009–2010 period. Specifically, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the subject by evaluating the relationships between various negotiating parties, investigating some intriguing behaviors by negotiating parties, and identifying important conditions surrounding the negotiation process. The case of iron ore price negotiation also offers a vehicle to advance the RBC perspective in untangling complex IB negotiation problems and generate some broad implications for IB negotiation research and practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document