A new anti-biofilm strategy of enabling arbitrary surfaces of materials and devices with robust bacterial anti-adhesion via a spraying modified microsphere method

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (45) ◽  
pp. 26039-26052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jietao Hu ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Yayu Zhang ◽  
Zekai Lin ◽  
Zhiwei Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Microsphere Method

Despite adopting diverse strategies and fabrication methods to prevent biofilm formation, the existing sophisticated fabrication methods for sole wettable or smart surfaces and their unsatisfactory anti-adhesive durability need to be improved for their practical applications.

scholarly journals Thickness-dependent fast wetting transitions due to the atomic layer deposition of zinc oxide on a micro-pillared surface

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1120-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libing Duan ◽  
Xiangyang Ji ◽  
Yajie Yang ◽  
Sihang Yang ◽  
Xinjun Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Wetting Transitions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Water Collection

Smart surfaces promote the fundamental understanding of wetting and are widely used in practical applications for energy and water collection.

scholarly journals Smart Bionic Surfaces with Switchable Wettability and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-500
Author(s):  
Shuyi Li ◽  
Yuyan Fan ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Shichao Niu ◽  
Zhiwu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractIn order to satisfy the needs of different applications and more complex intelligent devices, smart control of surface wettability will be necessary and desirable, which gradually become a hot spot and focus in the field of interface wetting. Herein, we review interfacial wetting states related to switchable wettability on superwettable materials, including several classical wetting models and liquid adhesive behaviors based on the surface of natural creatures with special wettability. This review mainly focuses on the recent developments of the smart surfaces with switchable wettability and the corresponding regulatory mechanisms under external stimuli, which is mainly governed by the transformation of surface chemical composition and geometrical structures. Among that, various external stimuli such as physical stimulation (temperature, light, electric, magnetic, mechanical stress), chemical stimulation (pH, ion, solvent) and dual or multi-triggered stimulation have been sought out to realize the regulation of surface wettability. Moreover, we also summarize the applications of smart surfaces in different fields, such as oil/water separation, programmable transportation, anti-biofouling, detection and delivery, smart soft robotic etc. Furthermore, current limitations and future perspective in the development of smart wetting surfaces are also given. This review aims to offer deep insights into the recent developments and responsive mechanisms in smart biomimetic surfaces with switchable wettability under external various stimuli, so as to provide a guidance for the design of smart surfaces and expand the scope of both fundamental research and practical applications.

scholarly journals Functional Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Spatially Programmable Adhesion

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2968
Author(s):  
Duan-Yi Guo ◽  
Cheng-Huan Li ◽  
Li-Min Chang ◽  
Hung-Chang Jau ◽  
Wei-Chun Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Patterned Surfaces ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Crystal Polymer ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Spatially Varying

A superhydrophobic surface that has controllable adhesion and is characterized by the lotus and petal effects is a powerful tool for the manipulation of liquid droplets. Such a surface has considerable potential in many domains, such as biomedicine, enhanced Raman scattering, and smart surfaces. There have been many attempts to fabricate superhydrophobic films; however, most of the fabricated films had uniform adhesion over their area. A patterned superhydrophobic surface with spatially controllable adhesion allows for increased functions in the context of droplet manipulation. In this study, we proposed a method based on liquid-crystal/polymer phase separation and local photopolymerization to realize a superhydrophobic surface with spatially varying adhesion. Materials and topographic structures were analyzed to understand their adhesion mechanisms. Two patterned surfaces with varying adhesion were fabricated from a superhydrophobic material to function as droplet guides and droplet collectors. Due to their easy fabrication and high functionality, superhydrophobic surfaces have high potential for being used in the fabrication of smart liquid-droplet-controlling surfaces for practical applications.

Description of biofilm formation by determination of developmental axis

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Xavier ◽  
R. Mahló ◽  
A.M. Reis ◽  
J.S. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Medial Axis ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Medial Axis Transform ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

The formation of a multispecies denitrifying biofilm was monitored by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The time series of tri-dimensional reconstitutions was used to develop a methodology for biofilm structural characterization based on the identification of axis of development. The algorithm is an adaptation of the standard medial axis transform technique (MAT) and was applied to both 2D sections and to the 3D stack. The use of development axis as the primary structural feature is a well-established practice to the study of morphogenesis of superior organisms. The extension of the concept to microbial aggregates is justified by the experimental realization of its highly structured nature. The determination of development axis (DA) is scalable and can be applied to structures with time resolution (effectively corresponding to four dimension structures) in order to define unifying measures of biofilm morphogenesis. Practical applications of DA characterization include the determination of how density of specific biofilms will be reflected in pore turtuosity, which in turn will condition the internal mass transfer limitations.

Ion Beam Induced Interfacial Reactions in Molybdenum Thin Films on Silicon

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
L. J. Chen ◽  
L. S. Hung ◽  
J. W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Atomic Mixing ◽  
Silicon Interface ◽  
Kinetics Of

When an energetic ion penetrates through an interface between a thin film (of species A) and a substrate (of species B), ion induced atomic mixing may result in an intermixed region (which contains A and B) near the interface. Most ion beam mixing experiments have been directed toward metal-silicon systems, silicide phases are generally obtained, and they are the same as those formed by thermal treatment.Recent emergence of silicide compound as contact material in silicon microelectronic devices is mainly due to the superiority of the silicide-silicon interface in terms of uniformity and thermal stability. It is of great interest to understand the kinetics of the interfacial reactions to provide insights into the nature of ion beam-solid interactions as well as to explore its practical applications in device technology.About 500 Å thick molybdenum was chemical vapor deposited in hydrogen ambient on (001) n-type silicon wafer with substrate temperature maintained at 650-700°C. Samples were supplied by D. M. Brown of General Electric Research & Development Laboratory, Schenectady, NY.

1250-kilovolt scanning transmission electron microscope

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
T. Imura ◽  
S. Maruse ◽  
K. Mihama ◽  
M. Iseki ◽  
M. Hibino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Voltage Generator ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
New Applications ◽  
High Voltage Generator

Ultra high voltage STEM has many inherent technical advantages over CTEM. These advantages include better signal detectability and signal processing capability. It is hoped that it will explore some new applications which were previously not possible. Conventional STEM (including CTEM with STEM attachment), however, has been unable to provide these inherent advantages due to insufficient performance and engineering problems. Recently we have developed a new 1250 kV STEM and completed installation at Nagoya University in Japan. It has been designed to break through conventional engineering limitations and bring about theoretical advantage in practical applications.In the design of this instrument, we exercised maximum care in providing a stable electron probe. A high voltage generator and an accelerator are housed in two separate pressure vessels and they are connected with a high voltage resistor cable.(Fig. 1) This design minimized induction generated from the high voltage generator, which is a high frequency Cockcroft-Walton type, being transmitted to the electron probe.

Characterization of intergranular cuprous oxide in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Bradley L. Thiel ◽  
Chan Han R. P. ◽  
Kurosky L. C. Hutter ◽  
I. A. Aksay ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Transition Width ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Superconducting Oxides

The identification of extraneous phases is important in understanding of high Tc superconducting oxides. The spectroscopic techniques commonly used in determining the origin of superconductivity (such as RAMAN, XPS, AES, and EXAFS) are surface-sensitive. Hence a grain boundary phase several nanometers thick could produce irrelevant spectroscopic results and cause erroneous conclusions. The intergranular phases present a major technological consideration for practical applications. In this communication we report the identification of a Cu2O grain boundary phase which forms during the sintering of YBa2Cu3O7-x (1:2:3 compound).Samples are prepared using a mixture of Y2O3. CuO, and BaO2 powders dispersed in ethanol for complete mixing. The pellets pressed at 20,000 psi are heated to 950°C at a rate of 5°C per min, held for 1 hr, and cooled at 1°C per min to room temperature. The samples show a Tc of 91K with a transition width of 2K. In order to prevent damage, a low temperature stage is used in milling to prepare thin foils which are then observed, using a liquid nitrogen holder, in a Philips 430T at 300 kV.

Resolution and measurement in the scanning electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Postek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Instrument Resolution ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The term ultimate resolution or resolving power is the very best performance that can be obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) given the optimum instrumental conditions and sample. However, as it relates to SEM users, the conventional definitions of this figure are ambiguous. The numbers quoted for the resolution of an instrument are not only theoretically derived, but are also verified through the direct measurement of images on micrographs. However, the samples commonly used for this purpose are specifically optimized for the measurement of instrument resolution and are most often not typical of the sample used in practical applications.SEM RESOLUTION. Some instruments resolve better than others either due to engineering design or other reasons. There is no definitively accurate definition of how to quantify instrument resolution and its measurement in the SEM.

Bacterial biofilm behavior in water-supply lines of dental units

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-883
Author(s):  
B.D. Tall ◽  
K.S. George ◽  
R. T. Gray ◽  
H.N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm

Studies of bacterial behavior in many environments have shown that most organisms attach to surfaces, forming communities of microcolonies called biofilms. In contaminated medical devices, biofilms may serve both as reservoirs and as inocula for the initiation of infections. Recently, there has been much concern about the potential of dental units to transmit infections. Because the mechanisms of biofilm formation are ill-defined, we investigated the behavior and formation of a biofilm associated with tubing leading to the water syringe of a dental unit over a period of 1 month.

In situ TEM Studies of agglomeration of sub-nanometer Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Tai D. Nguyen ◽  
Ronald Gronsky ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kortright
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Rayleigh Instability ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Nanometer period Ru/C multilayers are one of the prime candidates for normal incident reflecting mirrors at wavelengths < 10 nm. Superior performance, which requires uniform layers and smooth interfaces, and high stability of the layered structure under thermal loadings are some of the demands in practical applications. Previous studies however show that the Ru layers in the 2 nm period Ru/C multilayer agglomerate upon moderate annealing, and the layered structure is no longer retained. This agglomeration and crystallization of the Ru layers upon annealing to form almost spherical crystallites is a result of the reduction of surface or interfacial energy from die amorphous high energy non-equilibrium state of the as-prepared sample dirough diffusive arrangements of the atoms. Proposed models for mechanism of thin film agglomeration include one analogous to Rayleigh instability, and grain boundary grooving in polycrystalline films. These models however are not necessarily appropriate to explain for the agglomeration in the sub-nanometer amorphous Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers. The Ru-C phase diagram shows a wide miscible gap, which indicates the preference of phase separation between these two materials and provides an additional driving force for agglomeration. In this paper, we study the evolution of the microstructures and layered structure via in-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and attempt to determine the order of occurence of agglomeration and crystallization in the Ru layers by observing the diffraction patterns.

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