scholarly journals Oxidative stress: Its role in regulating aging and longevity

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Aiken ◽  
Jane L. Tarry-Adkins ◽  
Susan E. Ozanne
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Radical Damage

Although aging is ubiquitous across organisms, the rate at which it occurs varies considerably between species and individuals. The initial links between oxidative stress and rates of cellular aging were postulated over 50 years ago by Harman, who published a theory connecting free radical damage with the aging process in 19561. Since then a wide body of literature has accumulated demonstrating the links between oxidative damage to various cellular components and cellular senescence2. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the aetiology of a wide variety of pathological processes including metabolic, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases, all of which can shorten lifespan. Macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and particularly DNA can be irreversibly damaged by oxidative stress, leading to a decline in cellular function and apoptosis. This leads to aging, initially at a cellular level, then of the tissues and organs, culminating in whole organism pathology and eventually death. This article explores the various processes by which cells accrue oxidative damage and how such long-term damage leads to senescence. In particular, we focus on how the early-life environment influences the accumulation of oxidative stress over the entire life-course of an individual and how this may accelerate the normal aging process.

Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idan Shalev ◽  
Waylon J. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
Different Types

Stress is a multistage process during which an organism perceives, interprets, and responds to threatening environmental stimuli. Physiological activity in the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems mediates the biological stress response. Although the stress response is adaptive in the short term, exposure to severe or chronic stressors dysregulates these biological systems, promoting maladaptive physiology and an accelerated aging phenotype, including aging on the cellular level. Two structures implicated in this process of stress and cellular aging are telomeres, whose length progressively decreases with age, and mitochondria, whose respiratory activity becomes increasingly inefficient with advanced age. Stress in its various forms is suggested to influence the maintenance and stability of these structures throughout life. Elucidating the interrelated connection between telomeres and mitochondria and how different types of stressors are influencing these structures to drive the aging process is of great interest. A better understanding of this subject can inform clinical treatments and intervention efforts to reduce (or even reverse) the damaging effects of stress on the aging process.

Oxidative stress as a molecular mechanism of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. A Review-

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ortega Freyre ◽  
Alfredo Tellez Valencia ◽  
Dealmy Delgadillo Guzmán ◽  
Irais Castillo Maldonado ◽  
Laura Ernestina Barragán Ledezma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Clinical Conditions

: Exposure to organophosphorus pesticides is an important public health issue due to a large number of occupationally exposed populations, as well as their effects mainly at the level of the nervous, reproductive, and immune systems. It has been reported that one of the molecular mechanisms by which adverse effects of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides can be explained is oxidative stress, which leads to alterations at the cellular level that, if chronic, could affect the functionality of different organs and tissues. These data constitute the basis of the relevant literature on its toxicity. The induction of oxidative damage, which has been referred to, increases the occurrence of processes such as eryptosis and/or hemolysis in erythrocytes that promote greater susceptibility to clinical conditions such as anemia, dehydration, and chronic kidney disease. Thus, it is mentioned that the determination of oxidative damage parameters could be useful to monitor occupationally exposed peopleby exploring their oxidative status. This review focuses on presenting the state of knowledge in recent years on the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides and their relationship with the oxidative damage evaluated in erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress action in cellular aging

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Cristine de Oliveira ◽  
João Paulo Ferreira Schoffen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Chemical Residues

Various theories try to explain the biological aging by changing the functions and structure of organic systems and cells. During lifetime, free radicals in the oxidative stress lead to lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes, homeostasis imbalance, chemical residues formation, gene mutations in DNA, dysfunction of certain organelles, and the arise of diseases due to cell death and/or injury. This review describes the action of oxidative stress in the cells aging process, emphasizing the factors such as cellular oxidative damage, its consequences and the main protective measures taken to prevent or delay this process. Tests with antioxidants: vitamins A, E and C, flavonoids, carotenoids and minerals, the practice of caloric restriction and physical exercise, seeking the beneficial effects on human health, increasing longevity, reducing the level of oxidative stress, slowing the cellular senescence and origin of certain diseases, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Electrical Stimulation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Causes Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle of Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jakub Karnia ◽  
Dorota Myslinska ◽  
Katarzyna Patrycja Dzik ◽  
Damian Jozef Flis ◽  
Ziemowit Maciej Ciepielewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Radical Damage ◽  
Stimulation Of

Recent studies indicate that activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) plays the crucial role in stress response, while several lines of evidence mark the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) as a major mediator of the HPA axis responses to stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the corticosterone flux induced by the electrical stimulation of BST on markers of free radical damage of lipids and proteins and antioxidant enzyme activity in skeletal muscle of rats. The male Wistar rats were used and assigned to one of three groups: sham-operated (SHM; n=6), two-week (ST2; n=6), and four-week stimulated (ST4; n=5) groups. Blood, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles were collected. The chronic, 4-week electrical stimulation of the BST evokes increased plasma corticosterone concentration, which resulted in oxidative stress in skeletal muscles. We found higher level of lipid peroxidation markers, lower level of protein oxidation marker, and elevated antioxidant enzyme activity in both muscles. Our findings have also potential implication showing that reaction to the long-term “psychological stress” may lead to free radical damage of muscle.

Free-radical damage to the liver during its transplantation under conditions of oxidative stress

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1095
Author(s):  
V. I. Mil'chakov ◽  
I. I. Dement'eva ◽  
M. Yu. Andrianova ◽  
M. V. Palyulina
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Radical Damage

scholarly journals The therapeutic implications of oxidative stress in patients receiving haemodialysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Crowe ◽  
GM Bell
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Oxygen Derived Free Radicals ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Free Radical Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Damage

Oxygen-derived free radicals are highly reactive chemical species containing an unpaired electron. They are capable of reacting with lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and are thought to have a major role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. Antioxidants protect and limit free radical damage and it is the balance between free radical activity and antioxidant mechanisms that determine the potential for tissue damage [1,2]. Oxidative stress exists when there are either low levels of these antioxidants or increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Clinical Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Rani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Radical Damage ◽  
Wide Assortment

Antioxidants are our first line of defense against free radical damage and are critical for maintaining optimum healthcare. Although most of the present day research is focused on the potential benefits of antioxidant nutrients or supplements, it has become clear that the best protection against oxidative stress involves a wide assortment of interrelated antioxidants and antioxidant cofactors. Additionally, the combination of several suboptimal concentrations of these kinds of detoxifying supplements may have an additive or even synergistic role to decrease the risk of some of diseases which are caused by aging. Adequate intake of fruit and vegetables have essential antioxidants like B-carotene and vitamin C, which are reported for decreasing the risk of cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD).

Mechanisms of ebselen as a therapeutic and its pharmacology applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 2141-2160
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Chuanjiang Dong ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Jingxuan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Radical Damage ◽  
Essential Reactions

Ebselen is a synthetic organoselenium radical scavenger compound that possesses glutathione peroxidase-like activity and its own unique bioactivity by reacting with thiols, hydroperoxides and peroxynitrites. Owing to its high affinity toward several essential reactions, ebselen protects cellular components from oxidative and free radical damage, and it has been employed as a useful tool for studying redox-related mechanisms. Based on numerous in vitro and in vivo research, mechanisms are proposed to understand the biomedical and molecular actions of ebselen in health and disease, and it is currently under clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of various human disorders. Based on these outstanding discoveries, this review summarizes the current understanding of the biochemical and molecular characteristics, pharmacological applications and future directions of ebselen.

scholarly journals Achieving the Balance between ROS and Antioxidants: When to Use the Synthetic Antioxidants

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borut Poljsak ◽  
Dušan Šuput ◽  
Irina Milisav
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Antioxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Free radical damage is linked to formation of many degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, and aging. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can induce oxidative stress, leading to cell damage that can culminate in cell death. Therefore, cells have antioxidant networks to scavenge excessively produced ROS. The balance between the production and scavenging of ROS leads to homeostasis in general; however, the balance is somehow shifted towards the formation of free radicals, which results in accumulated cell damage in time. Antioxidants can attenuate the damaging effects of ROSin vitroand delay many events that contribute to cellular aging. The use of multivitamin/mineral supplements (MVMs) has grown rapidly over the past decades. Some recent studies demonstrated no effect of antioxidant therapy; sometimes the intake of antioxidants even increased mortality. Oxidative stress is damaging and beneficial for the organism, as some ROS are signaling molecules in cellular signaling pathways. Lowering the levels of oxidative stress by antioxidant supplements is not beneficial in such cases. The balance between ROS and antioxidants is optimal, as both extremes, oxidative and antioxidative stress, are damaging. Therefore, there is a need for accurate determination of individual's oxidative stress levels before prescribing the supplement antioxidants.

scholarly journals Climate change affects seed aging? Initiation mechanism and consequences of loss of forest tree seed viability

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kijowska-Oberc ◽  
Aleksandra M. Staszak ◽  
Ewelina Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Initiation Mechanism ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Tree Seed

Abstract Key message Environmental stress resulting from rapid climate changes leads to the initiation of the seed aging process in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Seed storage methods limiting germinability loss are fundamental for forest future. Abstract Seed aging is a natural process. It decreases the seed germination rate, i.e. the process is essential for the plant’s life cycle. Aging involves a progressive accumulation of oxidative damage over time. One of the main plant responses to stress is an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O 2 −• , H2O2 and •OH. If the concentration of ROS is too high, it causes damage of the structure of lipid membranes, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. Climate changes affect tree reproduction and may have long-term consequences in the form of reduced species dispersal and acquisition of new habitats. High temperatures accelerate the aging of seeds and decrease their viability. There is, therefore, an indisputable need to store forest reproductive material to maintain continuity of regeneration in farm forests. The quality of seeds subjected to long-term storage correlates negatively with ROS concentration, as ROS accumulation typically occurs in tissues experiencing oxidative stress. Therefore, to preserve forest genetic resources, it is particularly important to know the causes and sites of initiation of the aging process in seed cells, as well as to prevent the germination rate decrease by developing appropriate storage methods. The main organelles responsible for intracellular ROS production are mitochondria and peroxisomes. This article aims at verifying the causes of seed aging and determining its consequences for future forest regeneration due to climate changes. We review the literature on oxidative stress, as well as the sites where the tree seed aging process originates, such as mitochondria and peroxisomes.

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