scholarly journals The effects of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using fig and olive extracts on cutaneous leishmaniasis-induced inflammation in female balb/c mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina A. Almayouf ◽  
Manal El-khadragy ◽  
Manal A. Awad ◽  
Ebtesam M. Alolayan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ag Nps

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious and noncontagious severe parasitic diseases, caused by protozoans of the Leishmania genus. Natural products characterize a rich source of prospective chemical entities for the development of new effective drugs for neglected diseases. Scientific evaluation of medicinal plants has made it possible to use some metabolites from flavonoids and polyphenols compounds for the treatment of parasitic diseases. Therefore, we aimed in the present study to evaluate the protective effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) biosynthesized using Fig and Olive extracts (NFO) against Cutaneous leishmaniasis in female Balb/c mice. A total of 70 mice were used and divided into seven groups. Treatment was initiated when local lesions were apparent, we found that Fig and Olive extracts were found to be a good source for the synthesis of (Ag-NPs), their formation was confirmed by color change and stability in solution. Nanoparticles biosynthesized using Fig and Olive extracts induced a reduction in the average size of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions compared with the untreated mice. Moreover, nanoparticles treatment decreased oxidative stress (LPO, NO), down-regulation gene expression levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and BAX), and this antileishmanial activity of nanoparticles was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, histopathological evaluation proved the antileishmanial activity of nanoparticles compared with the positive control. Therefore, we aimed in the present study to evaluate the protective effect of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Fig and Olive extracts against cutaneous lesions induced by Leishmania major infection through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, and faster clinical efficacy than standard pentavalent antimonial treatment.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Effect of Eco-Friendly Green Nanoparticles Using Garcinia mangostana Peel Extract against Pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes in Female BALB/c Mice

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Afrah F. Alkhuriji ◽  
Nada A. Majrashi ◽  
Suliman Alomar ◽  
Manal F. El-Khadragy ◽  
Manal A. Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Peel Extract

Listeria monocytogenes is a psychrophilic bacterium, which causes widespread zoonosis in the natural environment, and mainly affects goat, sheep, and cattle herds. Recently, we predicted that it can be transmitted through food. It causes listeriosis, a severe infectious disease, which occurs with food contaminated with the pathogenic bacterium. Anti-inflammatory factors are important to treat the dangers of chronic inflammation associated with chronic diseases. Natural foodstuffs have made and are continuing to make vital contributions to the search for new antilisterial agents. The use of natural products in association with silver nanoparticles has drawn attention because of its easy, nonpathogenic, eco-friendly, and economical protocol. Hence, we aimed to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Garcinia mangostana peel extract, which was found to be a good source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, their formation being confirmed by color change and stability in solution, and investigated the antilisterial activity of these nanoparticles in a murine model of L. monocytogenes infection. A total of 28 mice were divided into four groups—healthy control, infected, infected mice treated with green Ag-NPs biosynthesized with G. mangostana (5 mg/mL), and infected mice pretreated with Ag-NPs. From our results, oral treatment with Ag-NPs biosynthesized with G. mangostana peel extract resulted in a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased the levels of the antiapoptotic protein, compared with the untreated mice. These results indicate that G. mangostana may provide therapeutic value against L. monocytogenes-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations, and that these effects may be related to antiapoptotic and antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Unusual Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Ocular Leishmaniasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Doroodgar ◽  
Moein Doroodgar ◽  
Abbas Doroodgar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Care Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Male Farmer

The leishmaniases are parasitic diseases that are transmitted to humans by infected female sandflies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of 3 main forms of the disease. CL is the most common form of the disease and is endemic in many urban and rural parts of Iran and usually caused by two species ofLeishmania:L. majorandL. tropica.We report a case of unusual leishmaniasis with 25 lesions on exposed parts of the body and right eyelid involvement (ocular leishmaniasis). The patient was a 75-year-old male farmer referred to health care center in Aran va Bidgol city. The disease was diagnosed by direct smear, culture, and PCR from the lesions. PCR was positive forLeishmania major.

scholarly journals Environmentally benevolent synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Olea ferruginea Royle for antibacterial and antioxidant activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Hussain ◽  
Ansar Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Khawaja Shafique Ahmad ◽  
Aneela Ulfat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Spherical Crystals

AbstractIn this study, we reported an easy, rapid, cost-effective and environmentally benign method for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Olea ferruginea as reducing, capping and stabilizing agent. For this, an aqueous extract of leaf and bark of O. ferruginea was treated with 1 mM AgNO3, which reduces Ag ions to Ag-NPs by establishing reddish brown color. The synthesized Ag-NPs were spherical crystals, with a mean size of 23 and 17 nm for leaf- and bark-mediated Ag-NPs, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy affirmed the role of leaf and bark extracts of O. ferruginea as reducing, capping and stabilizing agent. These biosynthesized Ag-NPs showed profound antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was shown by bark Ag-NPs against S. aureus (14.00 mm), while leaf Ag-NPs showed higher activity against S. pneumonia (13.00 mm). Additionally, they produced effective antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as compared to plant extracts and positive control. It was observed that the bark-mediated Ag-NPs had higher percentage (90%) of scavenging potential than the leaf-mediated Ag-NPs (78%). The significance of the current study is the synthesis of eco-friendly, easy and cost-effective Ag-NPs as biomedical products.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Macrophage Cells Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Silver Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0299
Author(s):  
Al-Saeedi Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
No Production ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Ldh Release ◽  
Species Production

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania tropica parasite. Current treatments for this parasite are undesirable because of their toxicity, resistance, and high cost. Macrophages are key players against pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule produce by immune cells, controls intracellular killing of pathogens during infection. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various types of infectious diseases. It has the ability to stimulate oxygen species production.  This study aims to analyze the macrophages activation through NO production and estimate the cytotoxicity based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release upon exposure to L. tropica and Ag NPs. Serially concentrations of Ag NPs were used under two conditions during and following macrophages exposure to L. tropica. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs on L. tropica amastigotes during infection of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that by increasing the Ag NPs concentrations, the viability percentage of L. tropica amastigotes decreased and reached to 21.7 ± 0.64 % during infection compared with the control. The 50% inhibitory concentration of Ag NPs on amastigotes was 2.048µg/ml during infection. Moreover, post-phagocytosis study involved the assessment of NO and LDH release by macrophages upon exposure to L. tropica. It have shown that untreated macrophages released low levels of NO while in the presence of Ag NPs, macrophages were activated to produce higher levels of NO under all experimental conditions. On the other hand, macrophages were capable of controlling cytotoxicity and decreasing LDH levels during phagocytosis of L. tropica amastiogotes. Taking together, these findings suggest that Ag NPs can enhance macrophages NO production which provides a method for the identification of Ag NPs ligands with microbicidal and anti-cytotoxic properties against L. tropica pathogens.

scholarly journals Efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles via ginger rhizome extract against Leishmania major in vitro

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255571
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Leila Zaki ◽  
Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi ◽  
Pooya Tavakoli ◽  
Atiyeh Tavajjohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Introduction Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that causes by parasite of the genus Leishmania. The pentavalent antimonial compounds that used for treatment are not safe or effective enough. The aim of the present study was preparation and evaluation of the efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against Leishmania major (L. major) in vitro. Methods To synthesis silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), ginger extract was added to the 0.2mM AgNO3 aqueous solution (1:20). Effects of different concentrations of Ag-NPs on the number of L. major promastigotes were investigated using counting assay. The MTT test was applied to determine the toxicity of Ag-NPs on promastigotes of L. major, as well as, macrophage cells. Then, to evaluate the anti-amastigotes effects of Ag-NPs, parasites within the macrophages were counted by light microscope. Furthermore, to determine the induced apoptosis and necrotic effects of Ag-NPs on promastigotes, flow cytometry method was employed using annexin staining. Results The effect of Ag-NPs on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major was effective and has a reverse relationship with its concentration. According to the results of anti-amastigote assay, the IC50 value of this nanoparticle was estimated 2.35 ppm after 72h. Also, Ag-NPs caused Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in promastigotes of L. major and showed 60.18% of apoptosis. Discussion Based on the mentioned results, it can be concluded that Ag NPs has a beneficial effect on promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major in vitro. Hence, these nanoparticles could be applied as promising antileishmanial agents for treatment of Leishmania infections.

Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Semenovia suffruticosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Sara Soltanian ◽  
Sheikhbahaei Mahboubeh ◽  
Sharifi Fatemeh ◽  
Neda Mohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using methanol extract of Semenovia. suffruticosa. The prepared AgNPs (SS-AgNPs) were examined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-raydiffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Afterward, biological activities including cytotoxicity, ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), antileishmanial and antibacterial effects were investigated. According to the UV-Vis spectroscopy, absorption peak at 430 nm indicates the synthesis of AgNPs. TEM and SEM image of AgNPs shows spherical shape with size range of 20–70 nm. FTIR analysis displayed the involvement of phytochemical constituents in synthesized nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the synthesis of highly pure AgNPs with high crystallinity and Cubic shape with crystalline size of 21.4 nm. SS-AgNPs were cytotoxic on cell lines with IC50 values of 15, 20, 20 and 26 µg/mL in HEK 293, Caco-2, SH-SY5Y and MDA-MD-231 cells, respectively. DCFH-DA assay showed that 24 h exposure to 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL concentrations of SS-AgNPs significantly increased production of ROS in cells that indicate oxidative stress induction by SS-AgNPs. Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining analysis revealed a combination of apoptosis and necrosis following the exposure of Ag NPs to cells. SS-AgNPs displayed a notable bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacterial strains. SS-AgNPs revealed remarkable antileishmanial activity against the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania. major. IC50 values of SS-AgNPs were 16.17 and 6.35 using promastigote and amastigotes assay respectively. Conclusively, phytosynthesized AgNPs is effective in antileishmanial, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

scholarly journals Antileishmanial Activity of Ezetimibe: Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis,In VitroSynergy with Azoles, and Efficacy in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6844-6852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Viana Andrade-Neto ◽  
Edézio Ferreira Cunha-Júnior ◽  
Marilene Marcuzzo do Canto-Cavalheiro ◽  
Geórgia Correa Atella ◽  
Talita de Almeida Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tropical Regions

ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis affects mainly low-income populations in tropical regions. Radical innovation in drug discovery is time-consuming and expensive, imposing severe restrictions on the ability to launch new chemical entities for the treatment of neglected diseases. Drug repositioning is an attractive strategy for addressing a specific demand more easily. In this project, we have evaluated the antileishmanial activities of 30 drugs currently in clinical use for various morbidities. Ezetimibe, clinically used to reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption in dyslipidemic patients, killedLeishmania amazonensispromastigotes with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 30 μM. Morphological analysis revealed that ezetimibe caused the parasites to become rounded, with multiple nuclei and flagella. Analysis by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) showed that promastigotes treated with ezetimibe had smaller amounts of C-14-demethylated sterols, and accumulated more cholesterol and lanosterol, than untreated promastigotes. We then evaluated the combination of ezetimibe with well-known antileishmanial azoles. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) indicated synergy when ezetimibe was combined with ketoconazole or miconazole. The activity of ezetimibe against intracellular amastigotes was confirmed, with an IC50of 20 μM, and ezetimibe reduced the IC90s of ketoconazole and miconazole from 11.3 and 11.5 μM to 4.14 and 8.25 μM, respectively. Subsequently, we confirmed the activity of ezetimibein vivo, showing that it decreased lesion development and parasite loads in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. We concluded that ezetimibe has promising antileishmanial activity and should be considered in combination with azoles in further preclinical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Macrophage Cells Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Silver Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0299
Author(s):  
Al-Saeedi Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
No Production ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Ldh Release ◽  
Species Production

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania tropica parasite. Current treatments for this parasite are undesirable because of their toxicity, resistance, and high cost. Macrophages are key players against pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule produce by immune cells, controls intracellular killing of pathogens during infection. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various types of infectious diseases. It has the ability to stimulate oxygen species production.  This study aims to analyze the macrophages activation through NO production and estimate the cytotoxicity based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release upon exposure to L. tropica and Ag NPs. Serially concentrations of Ag NPs were used under two conditions during and following macrophages exposure to L. tropica. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs on L. tropica amastigotes during infection of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that by increasing the Ag NPs concentrations, the viability percentage of L. tropica amastigotes decreased and reached to 21.7 ± 0.64 % during infection compared with the control. The 50% inhibitory concentration of Ag NPs on amastigotes was 2.048µg/ml during infection. Moreover, post-phagocytosis study involved the assessment of NO and LDH release by macrophages upon exposure to L. tropica. It have shown that untreated macrophages released low levels of NO while in the presence of Ag NPs, macrophages were activated to produce higher levels of NO under all experimental conditions. On the other hand, macrophages were capable of controlling cytotoxicity and decreasing LDH levels during phagocytosis of L. tropica amastiogotes. Taking together, these findings suggest that Ag NPs can enhance macrophages NO production which provides a method for the identification of Ag NPs ligands with microbicidal and anti-cytotoxic properties against L. tropica pathogens.

scholarly journals Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Plantago lanceolata extract and assessing their antibacterial and antioxidant activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahir Shah ◽  
Zheng-Hui Guan ◽  
Ala Ud Din ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Ata Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (Ag. NPs) have shown a biological activity range, synthesized under different environment-friendly approaches. Ag. NPs were synthesized using aqueous crude extract (ACE) isolated from Plantago lanceolata. The ACE and Ag. NPs were characterized and assessed their biological and antioxidant activities. The existence of nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by color shift, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–Vis’s spectroscopy. The FT-IR analysis indicated the association of biomolecules (phenolic acid and flavonoids) to reduce silver (Ag+) ions. The SEM study demonstrated a sphere-shaped and mean size in the range of 30 ± 4 nm. The EDX spectrum revealed that the Ag. NPs were composed of 54.87% Ag with 20 nm size as identified by SEM and TEM. AFM has ended up being exceptionally useful in deciding morphological elements and the distance across of Ag. NPs in the scope of 23–30 nm. The TEM image showed aggregations of NPs and physical interaction. Ag. NPs formation also confirmed by XPS, DRS and BET studies. Ag. NPs showed efficient activity as compared to ACE, and finally, the bacterial growth was impaired by biogenic NPs. The lethal dose (LD50) of Ag. NPs against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were 45.66%, 139.71%, 332.87%, and 45.54%, with IC50 (08.02 ± 0.68), (55.78 ± 1.01), (12.34 ± 1.35) and (11.68 ± 1.42) respectively, suppressing the growth as compared to ACE. The antioxidant capacity, i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of Ag. NPs were assayed. ACE and Ag. NPs achieved a peak antioxidant capacity of 62.43 ± 2.4 and 16.85 ± 0.4 μg mL−1, compared to standard (69.60 ± 1.1 at 100 μg mL−1) with IC50 (369.5 ± 13.42 and 159.5 ± 10.52 respectively). Finally, the Ag. NPs synthesized by P. lanceolata extract have an excellent source of bioactive natural products (NP). Outstanding antioxidant, antibacterial activities have been shown by NPs and can be used in various biological techniques in future research.

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