An Audio-Visual Test for Evaluating the Ability to Recognize Phonetic Errors

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Beckey Irwin ◽  
Ivan Paul Krafchick
Keyword(s):  
Motion Pictures ◽  
Answer Sheet ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Visual Test ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Sound Track ◽  
Phonetic Errors ◽  
Consonant Sounds ◽  
Better Than

An audio-visual test was developed for ascertaining ability inrecognizing misarticulations. Two films, each with a different set of 23 words representing 23 initial and 20 final sounds, were produced. Each test included 138 consonant sounds in phrases, 276 in isolated words, and 144 in trios of words. An empirical “correct” answer sheet was prepared by two experienced clinicians after repeated viewings of the films. Six children with misarticulations presented stimuli in the films. One-hundred-fifty subjects included speech clinicians with five or more years of experience, graduating senior majors in speech pathology, and experienced teachers. Each subject took three tests: Film A (audio-visual), Film B (audio-visual), and the sound-track of Film A presented without motion pictures (audio only). Correctly identified misarticulations, falsely identified misarticulations, and total correct responses were tabulated. Both forms of the audio-visual test were considered valid since the clinicians and students were significantly better than the teachers in identifying misarticulations. Satisfactory reliability was also established, since Films A and B were not significantly different in the accurate identification of sounds in words. Performance was significantly better for audio-visual representation than for audio only; and identification of misarticulation was best with isolated words and worst with phrases. Experienced teachers did not identify 12 of the sounds as accurately as experienced clinicians.

scholarly journals Using reliable predator identification to investigate feeding habits of Neotropical carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) in a deforestation frontier of the Brazilian Amazon

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia P. Tirelli ◽  
Thales R.O. de Freitas ◽  
Fernanda Michalski ◽  
Alexandre R. Percequillo ◽  
Eduardo Eizirik
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Accurate identification of predator species is a critical requirement to investigate their diet using faecal samples. We used non-invasive sampling and two methods of predator identification to investigate the diets of sympatric carnivores in a highly deforested region of the Brazilian Amazon. Of 108 scats, 81 could be identified at the species level using DNA sequencing and/or trichology. The former performed better than the latter (81.5% vs. 54.3% of the identified samples), and results were quite congruent (89.7% concordance in the 29 samples that could be assessed with both approaches). Nine species were identified, out of which four (crab-eating fox, ocelot, puma and jaguar) presented a sufficient number of samples to allow dietary analyses. The crab-eating fox was the most generalist (BA=0.92); ocelots focused on small- to medium-sized prey; pumas fed mostly on medium-sized items; and jaguars mostly targeted large-sized prey. A considerable overlap was observed between ocelots and pumas in all estimations (O=0.47–0.83). The presence of jaguars in the same region could be driving pumas to select medium- and small-sized prey. The results of this study highlight the importance of reliable predator identification and the need for in-depth ecological studies in areas where carnivore species are sympatric.

scholarly journals Fine-Grained Pests Recognition Based on Truncated Probability Fusion Network via Internet of Things in Forestry and Agricultural Scenes

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Kai Ma ◽  
Ming-Jun Nie ◽  
Sen Lin ◽  
Jianlei Kong ◽  
Cheng-Cai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Network Mining ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Feature Expression ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

Accurate identification of insect pests is the key to improve crop yield and ensure quality and safety. However, under the influence of environmental conditions, the same kind of pests show obvious differences in intraclass representation, while the different kinds of pests show slight similarities. The traditional methods have been difficult to deal with fine-grained identification of pests, and their practical deployment is low. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses a variety of equipment terminals in the agricultural Internet of Things to obtain a large number of pest images and proposes a fine-grained identification model of pests based on probability fusion network FPNT. This model designs a fine-grained feature extractor based on an optimized CSPNet backbone network, mining different levels of local feature expression that can distinguish subtle differences. After the integration of the NetVLAD aggregation layer, the gated probability fusion layer gives full play to the advantages of information complementarity and confidence coupling of multi-model fusion. The comparison test shows that the PFNT model has an average recognition accuracy of 93.18% for all kinds of pests, and its performance is better than other deep-learning methods, with the average processing time drop to 61 ms, which can meet the needs of fine-grained image recognition of pests in the Internet of Things in agricultural and forestry practice, and provide technical application reference for intelligent early warning and prevention of pests.

scholarly journals Observational and Reported Measures of Language and Pragmatics in Young People with Autism: A Comparison of Respondent Data and Gender Profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sturrock ◽  
Antonia Marsden ◽  
Catherine Adams ◽  
Jenny Freed
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performance Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Better Than

AbstractFemale children with autism spectrum disorder (FwASD) and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) over 70 were compared with male children with ASD (MwASD) and typically developing (TD) controls (age 8–11 years) using a range of language and pragmatic measures. Functional ability was assessed using clinical observations and parent, teacher and self-reports. Results were compared between measures, and with direct assessments of language and pragmatics, in order to identify potential biases. This study found that FwASD performed better than MwASD but worse than TD controls on clinical observations of pragmatic ability. FwASD also performed worst overall on a parental measure of emotions. Additionally, there were patterns of differences between clinician, parent, teacher and self- reports and direct assessments, which indicate the need for assessment data to be collected from multiple informants. Findings also have implications for the accurate identification of ASD in females and appropriate provision of support.

scholarly journals Comparison of four low-cost carbapenemase detection tests and a proposal of an algorithm for early detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in resource-limited settings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245290
Author(s):  
Wirittamulla Gamage Maheshika Kumudunie ◽  
Lakmini Inoka Wijesooriya ◽  
Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Better Than

Rapidly progressing antibiotic resistance is a great challenge in therapy. In particular, the infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are exceedingly difficult to treat. Carbapenemase production is the predominant mechanism of resistance in CRE. Early and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) is extremely important for the treatment and prevention of such infections. In the present study, four phenotypic carbapenemase detection tests were compared and an algorithm was developed for rapid and cost-effective identification of CP-CRE. A total of 117 Enterobacteriaceae (54 CP-CRE, 3 non-CP-CRE, and 60 non-CRE) isolates were tested for carbapenemase production using modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), Carba NP test (CNPt), and CNPt-direct test. The overall sensitivity/specificity values were 90.7%/92.1% for MHT, 100%/100% for mCIM, 75.9%/100% for CNPt, and 83.3%/100% for CNPt-direct. OXA-48-like enzymes were detected with 93.2% sensitivity by MHT and >77.3% sensitivity by two Carba NP tests. MHT could only detect half of the NDM carbapenemase producers. CNPt-direct exhibited enhanced sensitivity compared to CNPt (100% vs 25%) for detection of NDM producers. Considering these findings we propose CNPt-direct as the first test followed by mCIM for rapid detection of CP-CRE. With this algorithm >80% of the CP-CRE could be detected within 24 hours from the time the sample is received and 100% CP-CRE could be detected in day two. In conclusion, mCIM was the most sensitive assay for the identification of CP-CRE. CNPt-direct performed better than CNPt. An algorithm consisting CNPt-direct and mCIM allows rapid and reliable detection of carbapenemase production in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Undergraduate urology teaching: Results of a pre-examination revision quiz

1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 624-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Answer Sheet ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Photographic Slides ◽  
Better Than

A ‘revision quiz’ using some 20 projected photographic slides and a structured open-ended answer sheet was administered to, and marked for, 75 Final MB candidates and 7 Final FRCS candidates at Bristol. Despite only a modest exposure to specialist urological teaching, the undergraduates were judged to have achieved an acceptable level of performance in most areas except for the treatment of urinary infections. The performance of the senior house officers was not better than that of the undergraduates. Nearly all candidates in both groups undermarked their own scripts compared to the marks given by their teachers, thus fuelling, perhaps needlessly, their anxieties about examinations.

Effect of Cognitive Style on Test Type (Visual or Verbal) and Color Coding

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1532-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Moore ◽  
Francis M. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Visual Test ◽  
Test Format ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Test Type ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Instructional Variable

66 field-independent undergraduates achieved significantly higher scores than 43 field-dependent students on drawing, terminology, and comprehension. Color coding was an inconclusive instructional variable, but unexpectedly, subjects who received the verbal tests scored significantly better than those who received the visual test format.

scholarly journals The Typology of the First Year Students’ Pronunciations At FKIP-Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar On English Voiceless Plosive Consonants

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bloner Sinurat ◽  
Herman Herman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
First Year ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Phonetic Errors ◽  
Better Than

<p>This article is regarded as a descriptive qualitative research dealing with the first year students’ skill in pronouncing the English voiceless plosive consonants. The subjects of the research are all considered homogenous consisting of 35 students who factually use Toba Batak language and Indonesian as their native languages. Based on the data analysis it was found out that those who had more phonological awareness could pronounce the English voiceless consonants better than those who had less. These speech sounds could be pronounced well when they particularly occurred either at medial or final position, but they were sometimes not properly pronounced or aspirated when they occurred in initial position and followed by stressed vowel. Phonetic errors or faulty pronunciations were more frequently done when these consonants occurred in initial position or uttered in connection with other words in a sentence.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong> English, pronunciation, typology, voiceless plosive consonant</p>

scholarly journals Deep Learning With Data Enhancement for the Differentiation of Solitary and Multiple Cerebral Glioblastoma, Lymphoma, and Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Kewei Liang ◽  
Jiaqi He ◽  
He Ma ◽  
Hongyan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
3D Segmentation ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Better Than

ObjectivesTo explore the MRI-based differential diagnosis of deep learning with data enhancement for cerebral glioblastoma (GBM), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed the MRI data of 261 patients with pathologically diagnosed solitary and multiple cerebral GBM (n = 97), PCNSL (n = 92), and TDL (n = 72). The 3D segmentation model was trained to capture the lesion. Different enhancement data were generated by changing the pixel ratio of the lesion and non-lesion areas. The 3D classification network was trained by using the enhancement data. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the value of different enhancement data on the discrimination performance. These results were then compared with the neuroradiologists’ diagnoses.ResultsThe diagnostic performance fluctuated with the ratio of lesion to non-lesion area changed. The diagnostic performance was best when the ratio was 1.5. The AUCs of GBM, PCNSL, and TDL were 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.000–1.000), 0.96 (95% CI: 0.923–1.000), and 0.954 (95% CI: 0.904–1.000), respectively.ConclusionsDeep learning with data enhancement is useful for the accurate identification of GBM, PCNSL, and TDL, and its diagnostic performance is better than that of the neuroradiologists.

scholarly journals Comparison of an Automated System with Conventional Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Duggal ◽  
Rajni Gaind ◽  
Neha Tandon ◽  
Manorama Deb ◽  
Tulsi Das Chugh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Better Than

The present study was designed to compare a fully automated identification/antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) system BD Phoenix (BD) for its efficacy in rapid and accurate identification and AST with conventional manual methods and to determine if the errors reported in AST, such as the (very major errors) VME (false susceptibility), (major errors) ME (false resistance), and (minor errors) MiE (intermediate category interpretation) were within the range certified by FDA. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test results of eighty-five clinical isolates including both gram-positive and negative were compared on Phoenix considering the results obtained from conventional manual methods of identification and disc diffusion testing of antibiotics as standards for comparison. Phoenix performed favorably well. There was 100% concordance in identification for gram-negative isolates and 94.83% for gram-positive isolates. In seven cases, Phoenix proved better than conventional identification. For antibiotic results, categorical agreement was 98.02% for gram-positive and 95.7% for gram-negative isolates. VME was 0.33%, ME 0.66%, MiE 0.99% for gram-positive isolates and 1.23% VME, 1.23% ME, and 1.85% MiE for gram-negative isolates. Therefore, this automated system can be used as a tool to facilitate early identification and susceptibility pattern of aerobic bacteria in routine microbiology laboratories.

Holograms as Job Performance Aids

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Allan H. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Visual Test ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Assembly Tasks ◽  
Better Than

The nature of the new technology of holography will be briefly described and holograms will be demonstrated. The unique characteristics of holograms will be sketched and their particular value as aids to job performance will be discussed. In the last few years, the state-of-the-art in holography has advanced at an accelerating rate. It is a technology which allows objects to be presented in three dimensions as though they really exist in space. In fact, there is no visual test to discriminate between the real object and the holographically re-created object. As visual aids in wire tracing and assembly tasks, they are equal to or better than photographs or line drawings. They have been used on the windshields of moving automobiles to create the perception of on-road objects in driver testing. In the last two years they have been commercially available to colleges for teaching hundreds of difficult concepts, such as the DNA helix.

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