scholarly journals Reuse of treated wastewater in viticulture: Can it be an alternative source of nutrient-rich water?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Etchebarne ◽  
P. Aveni ◽  
J.-L. Escudier ◽  
H. Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Impact

Water scarcity is a global problem, which leads to unprecedented pressure on water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. Treating wastewater is an alternative and valuable water resource, therefore its reuse for agricultural irrigation has been growing worldwide since the beginning of the 21st century. In several regions of the wine-producing countries subject to significant water stress (e.g., Australia, California-USA, Spain), wastewater recycling appears to be the most accessible alternative, both financially and technically, for the agricultural uses that notably not requiring drinking water. Therefore, this research was planned to quantify the contribution of treated wastewater (TWW) to fertilization-needs of the vine, evaluate the impact of irrigation with TWW on the soil, vegetative growth, yield, and wine and grape juice composition. The results provide scientific and technical knowledge on a strategy of water management with high added value. The fertilizer contribution of the TWW would be important, according to the plant's nutrient needs (e.g., in this study 19–39 Unit N, 0.5–1.1 Unit P and 14–28 Unit K ha−1 were supplied with TWW). Ensuring treated wastewater microbiological quality is essential, but without reducing of its nutrients. These nutrients would be a valuable input for crop growth and yield, and could reduce the need to resort for inorganic/synthetic fertilizers. A sustainable use of treated wastewater over the long term would, however, necessitate a good practice guidelines and an integrated vision of treated wastewater quality, crops, irrigation and post-harvest practices.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Induced Changes on Growth, Yield, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase in Fruits of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
Faisal Imran ◽  
Rashid Iqbal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye ◽  
Tariq Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Bitter gourd is one of the important cucurbits and highly liked among both farmers and consumers due to its high net return and nutritional value. However, being monoecious, it exhibits substantial variation in flower bearing pattern. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known to influence crop phenology while gibberellic acid (GA3) is one of the most prominent PGRs that influence cucurbits phenology. Therefore, a field trial was conducted at University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the impact of a commercial product of gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, yield and quality attributes of two bitter gourd (Momordica charantiaL.) cultivars. We used five different concentrations (0.4 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g, 1.0 g, and 1.2 g per litre) of commercial GA3 product (Gibberex, 10% Gibberellic acid). Results showed that a higher concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 g L−1 water) enhanced the petiole length, intermodal length, and yield of bitter gourd cultivars over control in Golu hybrid and Faisalabad Long. A significant decrease in the enzyme superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities were observed with an increasing concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 gL−1 water) as compared to control. These results indicate that the exogenous application of gibberex at a higher concentration (1.2 g L−1) has a dual action in bitter gourd plant: i) it enhances the plant growth and yield, and ii) it also influenced the antioxidant enzyme activities in fruits. These findings may have a meaningful, practical use for farmers involved in agriculture and horticulture.

scholarly journals Biochemical, Physiological, and Productive Response of Greenhouse Vegetables to Suboptimal Growth Environment Induced by Insect Nets

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Giandomenico Corrado ◽  
Stefania De Pascale ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Environmental pressure poses a major challenge to the agricultural sector, which requires the development of cultivation techniques that can effectively reduce the impact of abiotic stress affecting crop yield and quality (e.g., thermal stress, wind, and hail) and of biotic factors, such as insect pests. The increased consumer interest in premium-quality vegetables requires the implementation of sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) strategies towards an ever-increasing insect pressure, also boosted by cultivation under protected structures. In this respect, insect nets represent an excellent, eco-friendly solution. This review aims to provide an integrative investigation of the effects of the insect screens in agriculture. Attention is dedicated to the impact on growth, yield, and quality of vegetables, focusing on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of response to heat stress induced by insect screens. The performance of insect nets depends on many factors—foremost, on the screen mesh, with finer mesh being more effective as a barrier. However, finer mesh nets impose high-pressure drops and restrict airflow by reducing ventilation, which can result in a detrimental effect on crop growth and yield due to high temperatures. The predicted outcomes are wide ranging, because heat stress can impact (i) plant morpho-physiological attributes; (ii) biochemical and molecular properties through changes in the primary and secondary metabolisms; (iii) enzymatic activity, chloroplast proteins, and photosynthetic and respiratory processes; (iv) flowering and fruit settings; (v) the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs); and (vi) the biosynthesis of secondary biomolecules endowed with antioxidant capacity.

The Impact of Nitrogen Fixers and Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
V. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
S. Pradeep ◽  
H. Manjunatha ◽  
V. Krishna ◽  
V. Jyothi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The inoculants, mainly nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizing microbes, have an influence on plant growth attributes. The current study was conducted to assess the fertilizing activity of A. chroocaccum and B. megaterium strains on growth, yield parameters and nutrient uptake of Sorghum bicolor. Methods: The isolation and identification of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium- A. chroocaccum and phosphate solubilizing microbe- B. megaterium and the growth and yield parameters of Sorghum bicolor as well as NPK uptake levels were studied. Results: A. chroocaccum and B. megaterium exhibited the proliferation of microbial population in soil by synergistic interaction with plants, and the application increased the availability of NPK in the soil after harvest of the crop. These beneficial inoculants are also known to help in the uptake of some other nutrients. The maximum beneficial aspects of the plant were noticed in the plants inoculated with 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF)+ A. chroocaccum+ B. megaterium, and the least was noticed in the control plants at all growth stages and at the time of harvest. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the beneficial effect of A. chroocaccum and B. megaterium is observed in sorghum crop with improved yield and nutrient uptake. Therefore, this species can be used extensively for future inoculation of the sorghum crop for better growth and development and for good returns in an ecological way.

scholarly journals Formulation of Biochar-Based Phosphorus Fertilizer and Its Impact on Both Soil Properties and Chickpea Growth Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9528
Author(s):  
Farman Wali ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Asaad Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
World Population ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Fertilizers

There is no alternative to phosphorus (P) in agriculture as it is second most important plant nutrient after nitrogen. Mineral P fertilizers are derived from rock phosphate (RP) which is finite, non-renewable and geographically restricted to a few countries, thus its shortage likely affects agriculture in near future as the world population is growing at a greater pace. This could increase P inputs in agriculture in order to meet rising food demands which may result in the depletion of RP reserves. Furthermore, P losses from farmlands in case of mineral P fertilizers also demands the sustainable use of P not only because of its finite resources but also the environmental concerns associated with P fertilization such as eutrophication. The present study was designed to formulate biochar-based P fertilizer that would help in the sustainable use of P fertilizer. Biochar(s) were prepared using wheat straw at 350–400 °C pyrolytic temperature followed by enrichment with Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) taking into account all possible combination of DAP to biochar on the w/w basis (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0). Enrichment was carried out using two different methods i.e., phosphorus enriched biochar (PEB1) by hot method and cold method (PEB2). An incubation experiment was performed to assess the impact of each biochar on selected properties of soil. The treatments were organized in factorial arrangement under complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Both the amendments were applied at rate of 1% of dry soil on a w/w basis. A significant increase in soil extractable P and total nitrogen (N) was recorded for the ratio 50:50 as compared to control as well of rest of treatments. Similarly, high organic contents were found for both PEB1 and PEB2 at the ratio 50:50. An incubation experiment was followed by pot trial using 50:50 for both PEB1 and PEB2 and split doses of recommended P were applied (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) with a control under CRD with three replications using chickpea as test crop. Both PEB1 and PEB2 with 50% P have significantly improved crop growth, yield, nodulation, and plant physiological and chemical parameters as compared to a recommended dose of P alone. The result may imply that the integration of P-enriched biochar and chemical fertilizer could be an effective approach to improve chickpea production and soil properties.

A compatible growth and yield model for the management of mixed tropical rain forest

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Atta-Boateng ◽  
John William Moser, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth And Yield Models

The lack of appropriate analytical tools to evaluate the impact of forest management policies has hindered the sustainable use of the rain forest. Decisions about the level of forest management and financial investment require accurate predictions of future forest yields. A technique, using hierarchical clustering and canonical discriminant procedures, was developed previously to pool 112 timber species with similar growth increment characteristics into seven groups suitable for the construction of growth and yield models. Compatible growth and yield models were developed for each group by the solution of a system of differential equations expressing the rate of change of ingrowth, mortality, and survival growth components within a forest stand. The solution provides the means to project the status of the timber stand at any future time given some predefined initial stand conditions. The models are useful for inventory updating, allowable annual cut calculations, and management planning for natural or managed stands. They also provide a means to test hypotheses concerning the influence of stand characteristics on increment and to project future product assortments.

Impact of Trichoderma application as bio-stimulator on disease suppression, growth and yield of potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 2252-2257
Author(s):  
M. Rakibuzzaman ◽  
M. H. Akand ◽  
M. Siddika ◽  
A. F. M. J. Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
The Impact

Excess use of chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemicals to increase the growth and yield as well as controlling disease often reduced soil fertility, adversely affect human health and environment. That’s why an experiment was accomplished in the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2016 to March 2017 to study the impact of Trichoderma application as bio-stimulator on potato production. The study comprised of three Trichoderma treatments, (i) T0= No Trichoderma application, (ii) T1= 106spores/ml and (iii) T2= 108spores/ml. Trichoderma 1ml/L (1000 ppm) solution was applied two times in each plot at 15 and 45 days after planting (DAP). Data on growth yield and disease suppression parameters showed significant variation. The results elluciated that application of Trichoderma increased the growth attributes positively and produced 23.82% and 11.33% higher yield in T2 and T1 compared to no application of Trichoderma, respectively. Trichoderma (108spores/ml) improved tuber yield by optimizing the dry matter content. Furthermore, application of Trichoderma decreased the disease infestation and the best result (1.60%) recorded in T2. Therefore, 108spores/ml of Trichoderma application can be considered the potential bio-stimulator for prospective potato production with higher growth, yield and suppress of disease.

scholarly journals Enhancing Growth and Yield Parameters in Mulberry through Different Levels of Drip Irrigation and Mulching

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
H. O. Ranjitha ◽  
S. Chandrashekhar
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The experiment was conducted to find out the impact of levels of drip irrigation and mulching on growth, yield and quality parameters of mulberry. Among different levels of irrigation 0.8 CPE recorded higher values for growth and leaf yield (47613 kg ha-1 year-1) parameters. Compared to lower levels of irrigation 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 CPE. Also, mulberry plants mulched with black plastic polythene cover recorded higher values for growth and leaf yield (45143 kg ha-1 year-1) compared to plants without mulching. The interaction effect 0.8 CPE along with mulching (T8) recorded higher values for all the growth and yield parameters compared to other combination of treatments and lower values for the same were recorded in 0.5 CPE along in without mulching plot. The study revealed that adoption of drip irrigation in mulberry at 0.8 CPE along with mulching is appropriate to enhance the growth parameters (plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, leaf area and total dry matter content) and leaf yield.

scholarly journals Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on plant growth and biochemical features of two wheat cultivars under elevated level of CO2 and UV-B radiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Fatima Hasan Al Hamedi ◽  
Kandhan Karthishwaran ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Salem
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is a serious problem affecting worldwide agricultural production and encourages researchers to investigate plant responses and grow crops under changed growing conditions. In arid and semiarid regions, treated wastewater is a common alternative source of water for irrigation. The proposed study examined the impact of irrigation with treated wastewater and the effects on the growth of wheat crops of environmental stress factors, including UV radiation and carbon dioxide. The experiment was conducted in a transparent Open Top Chambers facility and the treatments were administered in the hot UAE climate for ninety days. In order to understand the physiological mechanisms of plant adaptation under the conditions given, physiological and biochemical characteristics such as anti-oxidant enzymes have been assessed. The results revealed that the elevated CO2 level increased the growth parameters, whereas when compared to control, the UVB treatment affected plant growth. In the seedling process, established under regulated development, the differential response of antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activities were observed among intrinsic biochemical activity in the selected Wheat varieties. Our findings show that wheat varieties are suitable as industrial crops for the production of antioxidants under irrigation with treated wastewater because the quantity and quality of their yield have not been affected. This practice will contribute to a clean environment and the stress on freshwater will be reduced by its reuse.

scholarly journals Impact of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Growth, Yield and Nodulation on Two Accessions of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1439
Author(s):  
B.P. Mshelmbula ◽  
E. Ogale ◽  
S. Bello ◽  
H.A. Kana ◽  
M.Y. Sulayman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gibberelic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the most ancient crops known to man and is grown across various climatic zones, most commonly in the dry savanna regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this work was therefore to investigate the impact of Gibberelic acid on the growth and yield of cowpea. Field experiments was conducted during the 2019 rainy season at the Botanical Garden of Federal University of Lafia. The cowpea accessions were submerged into various concentrations of GA3 (90mg/L, 120mg/L, and 150mg/L). The results showed varying response of the accessions in varying GA3 concentrations. Both Accessions (TVU-1 and TVU-4) recorded no significant difference across all treatments in the number of flowers. In TVU-1 accession, the least concentration, 90mg/L recorded the highest number of flowers (0.22) at 12(WAP); while in TVU-4, the seeds exposed to the highest concentration recorded the highest number of flowers. Similar result was observed in the number of pods of both accessions (TVU-1 and TVU-4) were there was no significant difference (P≤0.5) recorded. There was increase in the number of root nodules with increased in the growth hormone concentrations as treatment 150mg/L showed the highest number of root nodules in both accessions; even though no significant difference was recorded. It is therefore recommended that different accessions at different concentrations of gibberelic acid be tired to see their responses.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatments, spacing and season of sowing on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under rain shelter

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
V U Anjukrishna ◽  
N Mini Raj ◽  
P Anitha ◽  
A K Aneesha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Impact

Coriander is an important herb & seed spice. The yield of coriander is influenced by the agronomic practices adopted during cultivation. This study was carried out in the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University from July 2019 to March 2020 to analyse the effect of seed treatments, spacing and growing season on yield and quality of coriander leaves under rain shelter. The experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with three replications. The study revealed that, presowing seed treatments improved the growth and yield of coriander than untreated seeds. The impact of seed treatments was conspicuous at the time of harvest on growth, yield and quality parameters. Hydropriming for 24 h was found to be the best presowing seed treatment followed by seed treatment with GA3 50 ppm for 8 h. A closer spacing of 10 x 10 cm which accommodated more plants per unit area recorded the highest biomass and herbage yield plot-1. October – December season was found to be the best for obtaining better growth and yield in leaf coriander. Hence, the study concluded that, hydropriming for 24 h or seed treatment with GA3 50 ppm for 8 h, a closer spacing of 10 x 10 cm and October – December season are the ideal combination for the best performance of variety CO-4 for leaf purpose under rain shelter in the tropical moist humid climate.

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