scholarly journals Productivity and quality indicators of potato tubers using bioagents and adaptogenic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00243
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Vladimirov ◽  
Leonid M. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
High Mass ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Triple Treatment

Studies to identify the effectiveness of bioagents and adaptogenic preparations on plantings of potatoes of the Vineta variety were carried out on gray forest medium loam granulometric composition of the soil of the Zemlyaki farm in the Nizhnekamsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out in 2019 by employees of the Department of Plant Growing and Horticulture of Kazan State Agrarian University. The humus content in the arable layer of soil according to Tyurin is 3.35 %, pH is 5.7, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 112 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus is 156 mg/kg, exchange potassium is 136 mg/kg of soil, molybdenum is 0.07, copper is 0.52, boron – 0.7, zinc – 4.82 mg/kg. The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of the preparation RECB-95B obtained on the basis of bacteria Bacillus subtilus, RECB-44 – Pseudomonas fluorescens, RECB-50B – Bacillus sp. and RECB-74B — derived from the fungus Trichoderma viride for antagonistic activity against pathogens. Based on the results of our preliminary studies, we selected these preparations for preplant treatment of tubers and vegetative plants. It was found that the most effective option for planting potatoes was the treatment of tubers before planting with the strain RECB-50B (2 l/t) + adaptogen in combination with three times spraying during the growing season RECB-95B, RECB-4B, RECB-50B using them together with adaptogen. Our data show that the mass of tubers does not always correspond to the number of stems and tubers, however, in variants 7 and 8 with a high mass of tubers, a larger number of stems and tubers per bush was noted. Less nitrates 73 mg/kg contained tubers from the variant when used for processing tubers of strain RECB – 50 B (2 l/t) and triple treatment of plants during the growing season with bioagents RECB – 95 B (0.5 l/ha), RECB – 44 B (0.5 l/ha), RECB – 50 B (1.0 l/ha). The use of these drugs in conjunction with the adaptogen led to an increase in the number of nitrates in the tubers. A higher starch content in tubers of 13.02 and 13.01 % was observed when treating the tubers of the drug Maxim (0.2 l/t) and strain RECB – 50 B (2 l/t) and triple treatment of plants during the growing season with bioagents RECB – 95 B (0.5 l/ha ), RECB – 44 B (0.5 l/ha), RECB – 50 B (1.0 l/ha). In the dry matter, the starch content was higher when the tubers were treated with rhizoplan and amounted to 63.38 %.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE SOWING STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NORTHERN EKOTYPE SOYBEAN PLANTS AT DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA FOREST STEPPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Fadeeva ◽  
Tamara Abrosimova
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Maximum Field

The studies were carried out in order to study the effect of the row spacing on the formation of the structure and productivity of plants of the early maturing soybean of Milyausha variety. In a field experiment on gray forest soils with a weakly acidic reaction and a humus content of 3.21 ... 3.83%, two sowing methods were compared: continuous sowing with a distance between rows of 15 cm and a series of rows - 30 cm. In the conditions of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan in dry years (2016, 2018), the duration of the growing season of the variety did not depend on the sowing methods and was 89 ... 91 days. With a moderate temperature regime and abundant precipitation (2017), with row sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, it increased up to 105 days, in the variant with a row spacing of 30 cm - up to 109 days. An increase in the duration of the period from sowing to emergence of seedlings with a lack of heat led to a decrease in field germination according to the variants of the experiment to 70.0 ... 72.5%, plant survival - to 57.5 ... 66.0%. The maximum field germination in the experiment (95.0 and 85.0%), safety (98.2 and 94.1%) and plant survival (93.3 and 80.0%) were noted in 2018 with a high sum of air temperatures above 10 ° C and moderate moisture (total precipitation 102 mm) during the growing season. In the variant with a row spacing of 30 cm, the mass of seeds per plant in arid conditions was higher than with continuous sowing, by 2.2 ... 2.7, and in conditions of excessive moisture - by 1.7 times. An increase in the mass of seeds provided an increase in branching, the number of beans and seeds per plant. In terms of productivity and yield per unit area, there were no significant differences between the options for sowing methods. The maximum realization of the potential of productivity (289.1 and 314.7 g / m2) and yield (2.78 and 2.81 t / ha) in the experiment was achieved with the duration of the growing season 105 and 109 days (2017)

scholarly journals POTATO PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF APPLICATION OF GROWTH REGULATOR AND CALCULATED BACKGROUND OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE GRAY FOREST STEPPE SOIL OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vladimirov ◽  
Antonina Mostyakova ◽  
Leonid Egorov ◽  
Filus Agiev
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Republic

The reaction of the early ripening potato of Vineta variety to different methods of using growth regulators against the calculated background of mineral nutrition on the gray forest-steppe soil of middle Volga was studied. The effectiveness of processing planting tubers and foliar treatment of plants during their vegetation has been established. The experiments were carried out on the control without the introduction of NPK and on a fertilized background, designed to obtain a tuber crop of 40 tons per hectare. The studies were conducted on gray forest medium loam granulometric composition soil of “Zemlyaki” farm in Nizhnekamsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out in 2019 by employees of Plant Growing and Horticulture Department of Kazan State Agrarian University. The humus content in the arable layer of soil according to Tyurin is 3.35%, pH is 5.7, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 112 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus is 156 mg/kg, exchange potassium is 136 mg/kg of soil, molybdenum is 0.07, copper is 0.52, boron - 0.7, zinc - 4.82 mg/kg. The effectiveness of the integrated use of growth regulators (treatment of planting tubers and foliar application of the drug during the growing season) has been established. The yield increase to control against the background without applying basic fertilizers amounted to 4.82 tons per hectare, and against the background of their application - 4.80 tons per hectare.

scholarly journals Сорта картофеля для переработки

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Serderov ◽  
T.G. Khanbabaev ◽  
D.V. Serderovа
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The Republic

Наряду с правильной организацией базой хранения, для эффективного использования картофеля большое значение имеет его переработка. Содержание сухого вещества один из показателей качества пригодности сортов картофеля для его переработки. В статье обобщены результаты оценки урожайности сортов картофеля в климатических условиях высокогорья Республики Дагестан и содержания в клубнях сухого вещества как критерия пригодности сортов для переработки на картофелепродукты. Исследования проводили в опорном пункте Курахский , МО Курахский район Республики Дагестан, расположенном на высоте 2000 2200 м над уровнем моря в 2017 и 2018 годах. Контроль районированный в республике среднеранний сорт Волжанин. Схема посадки 70 30 см, повторность четырехкратная. Почвенный покров представлен горными каштановыми среднесуглинистыми почвами. Содержание гумуса 2,91-3,01. Питательными веществами почвы обеспечены в средней степени: гидролизуемого азота 2,2-3,5 мг, подвижного фосфора 4-6 мг и обменного калия 12,5-16,5 мг на 100 г. Погодные условия вегетационных периодов были благоприятные для возделывания картофеля. Средняя температура воздуха во время посадки (май) составила 11-12 С, а во время вегетации летние месяцы 14-16 С. Опытные участки расположены опыты в засушливой зоне, так как выпадающие осадки во время вегетации (в среднем 60-80 мм в месяц) недостаточны для роста и развития картофеля. За время вегетации были проведены пять поливов по бороздам из расчета 50 л на м2 (500 м3/га). По урожайности (31,438,7 т/га) в сравнении с контролем выделились сорта: Импала, Ирбитский, Жуковский ранний, Манифест, Матушка, Невский, Примобелла, Розара, Сильвана, Спиридон и Удача. По содержанию сухого вещества (25,829,1) в сравнении с контролем выделились сорта: Алена, Нарт, Гиоконда, Матушка, Росси, Вектор, Примобелла, Импало и Дезире.Along with the correct organization of storage base, for the effective use of potatoes, its processing is of great importance. The dry matter content is one of the indicators of the quality of potato cultivars suitability for processing. The article summarizes the results of assessment of the yield of potato cultivars in the climatic conditions of the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan and the content of dry matter in tubers as a criterion for the suitability of cultivars for processing into potato products. The research was carried out in the reference point Kurakhsky, MO Kurakhsky district of the Republic of Dagestan, located at an altitude of 2000-2200 m above sea level in 2017 and 2018. Control-zoned in the Republic of mid-early cultivar Volzhanin. Planting scheme is 70 30 cm, repeat-four times. The soil is mountain brown medium loamy. Humus content is 2.91-3.01. Soil nutrients are provided to an average extent: hydrolyzed nitrogen 2.2-3.5 mg, mobile phosphorus 4-6 mg and exchange potassium 12.5-16.5 mg per 100 g. The weather conditions of the growing season were favourable for potato growing. The average air temperature during planting (May) was 11-12 C, and during the growing season the summer months was 14-16 C. Experimental plots are located in the arid zone, as precipitation during the growing season (on average 60-80 mm per month) is not sufficient for the growth and development of potatoes. During the growing season, five furrow irrigation was carried out at the rate of 50 l per m2 (500 m3/ha). In terms of yield (31.438.7 t/ha) in comparison with the control, the following cultivars were distinguished: Impala, Irbitsky, Zhukovsky ranniy, Manifest, Matushka, Nevsky, Primobella, Rosara, Silvana, Spiridon and Udacha. According to the dry matter content (25.829.1) in comparison with the control, the following cultivars were distinguished: Alena, Nart, Gioconda, Matushka, Rossi, Vector, Primobella, Impala and Desire.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION FLAVOBACTERIN ON POTATO YIELD AND SOIL FERTILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A. I. Stepanov ◽  
A. Ya. Fyodorov ◽  
F. V. Nikolaeva ◽  
D. V. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Doses

The paper presents the results of research into complex effect of organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle manure) in different doses with the biological preparation Flavobacterin on agrochemical parameters and biological activity of permafrost soils in the cultivation of the recognized potato variety Varmas. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2018 on permafrost chernozem-meadow light-loamy saline soils of the Central Yakut lowland of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The yield of potatoes increased with the application of manure in the dose of 60 t/ha and biological preparation Flavobacterin by 61.4%, control (without fertilizers) – 9.7 t/ha. In the variant: manure 40 t/ha + biopreparation Flavobacterin, the yield amounted to 13.0 t/ha; when treating with the biological preparation – 10.7 t/ha. The use of organic fertilizers in different doses in all studied variants increased the content of phosphorus, potassium and total nitrogen in the soil compared to the control. Combined application of organic fertilizers and biological preparation Flavobacterin increased the biological activity of permafrost soils by 2.9–4.7 times. The intensity of the biological activity of permafrost soils in all years of research was observed during the growing season of crops. The number of soil microorganisms reached its maximum in July and decreased at the end of the growing season (early September), due to the peculiarities of the hydrothermal regime of the soil under study. To preserve soil fertility, it is recommended to use organic fertilizers in combination with the biological preparation based on agrochemical parameters of permafrost soils.

Eggplant: improvement of agricultural techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
М.Ш. Шабанова ◽  
Д.С. Магомедова ◽  
С.А. Курбанов
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
The Republic

Приведены результаты влияния режимов капельного орошения и норм органоминеральных удобрений на продуктивность баклажана при выращивании в сухостепной зоне Терско-Сулакской низменности Республики Дагестан. Цель исследований – разработка приемов агротехники возделывания баклажана, обеспечивающих при уровне предполивной влажности почвы в диапазоне 80–100% НВ и расчетном режиме орошения получение планируемой урожайности не менее 60 т/га высококачественных плодов. Объект исследований – среднеранний сорт баклажана Алмаз. Двухфакторный полевой опыт проводили в 2013–2015 годах на зональных лугово-каштановых среднесуглинистых почвах ОАО «Учебно-опытное хозяйство» (Кировский район Республики Дагестан). Почвы опытного участка характеризовались невысоким содержанием гумуса – 1,9%, средней обеспеченностью легкогидролизуемым азотом – 49 мг/кг почвы, низкой обеспеченностью подвижным фосфором – 15 мг/кг и средней обеспеченностью обменным калием – 207 мг/кг почвы. Агрофизические показатели плодородия орошаемой почвы: объемная масса корнеобитаемого слоя – 1,25 т/м3, наименьшая влагоемкость – 17,9%. В качестве органических удобрений использовали полуперепревший навоз, из минеральных удобрений – аммиачную селитру и мочевину, двойной суперфосфат и хлористый калий. Все анализы, учеты и наблюдения проводили в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Установлено, что возрастание нижнего порога влажности почвы и применение удобрений способствуют повышению эффективности использования оросительной воды в 2,5 раза, усилению фотосинтетической деятельности и, в частности, повышению КПД ФАР до 1,2%. Наилучшее сочетание урожаеобразующих факторов – поддержание в течение вегетации нижнего порога влажности корнеобитаемого слоя почвы не ниже 80 и 90% НВ на фоне 40 т/га навоза + N320P120K210. 24–66 поливов в течение вегетации баклажана (в зависимости от погодных условий и порога влажности) поливными нормами 146 и 73 м3/га соответственно, внесение под вспашку 40 т/га навоза и половинной нормы минеральных удобрений с тремя азотными подкормками обеспечивают наибольшую урожайность плодов – 62,3–63,6 т/га. The results of the influence of drip irrigation regimes and organic mineral fertilizers on the productivity of eggplant when grown in the dry-steppe zone of the Tersko-Sulak lowland of the Republic of Dagestan are presented. The purpose of the research is to develop methods of agricultural techniques for eggplant cultivation, which ensure that the planned yield of at least 60 t/ha of high-quality fruits is obtained at the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture in the range of 80–100% WC and the calculated irrigation regime. The object of research is the medium-early variety of eggplant Almaz. A two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2013–2015 on zonal meadow-chestnut medium-loamy soils of JSC Educational and Experimental Farm (Kirovsky district of the Republic of Dagestan). The soils of the experimental site were characterized by a low humus content – 1.9%, an average supply of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen – 49 mg/kg of soil, a low supply of mobile phosphorus – 15 mg/kg and an average supply of exchangeable potassium – 207 mg/kg of soil. Agrophysical indicators of the fertility of the irrigated soil: the volume mass of the root layer – 1.25 t/m3, the lowest moisture capacity – 17.9%. As organic fertilizers, semi-rotted manure was used, from mineral fertilizers – ammonium nitrate and urea, double superphosphate and potassium chloride. All analyses, records and observations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. It was found that the increase in the lower threshold of soil moisture and the use of fertilizers contribute to an increase in the efficiency of irrigation water use by 2.5 times, an increase in photosynthetic activity, and, in particular, an increase in the efficiency of headlights up to 1.2%. The best combination of crop-forming factors is to maintain the lower moisture threshold of the root layer of the soil during the growing season at least 80 and 90% WC against the background of 40 t/ha of manure + N320P120K210. During the growing season of eggplant, 24–66 waterings (depending on weather conditions and humidity threshold) with irrigation rates of 146 and 73 m3/ha, respectively, and the introduction of 40 t/ha of manure and half the rate of mineral fertilizers with three nitrogen fertilizations, provides the highest fruit yield – 62.3–63.6 t/ha.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

scholarly journals Estimating the Leaf Nitrogen Content with a New Feature Extracted from the Ultra-High Spectral and Spatial Resolution Images in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Jiale Jiang ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Yongchao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Textural Analysis ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
New Feature

Real-time and accurate monitoring of nitrogen content in crops is crucial for precision agriculture. Proximal sensing is the most common technique for monitoring crop traits, but it is often influenced by soil background and shadow effects. However, few studies have investigated the classification of different components of crop canopy, and the performance of spectral and textural indices from different components on estimating leaf nitrogen content (LNC) of wheat remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate a new feature extracted from near-ground hyperspectral imaging data to estimate precisely the LNC of wheat. In field experiments conducted over two years, we collected hyperspectral images at different rates of nitrogen and planting densities for several varieties of wheat throughout the growing season. We used traditional methods of classification (one unsupervised and one supervised method), spectral analysis (SA), textural analysis (TA), and integrated spectral and textural analysis (S-TA) to classify the images obtained as those of soil, panicles, sunlit leaves (SL), and shadowed leaves (SHL). The results show that the S-TA can provide a reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency (overall accuracy = 97.8%, Kappa coefficient = 0.971, and run time = 14 min), so the comparative results from S-TA were used to generate four target objects: the whole image (WI), all leaves (AL), SL, and SHL. Then, those objects were used to determine the relationships between the LNC and three types of indices: spectral indices (SIs), textural indices (TIs), and spectral and textural indices (STIs). All AL-derived indices achieved more stable relationships with the LNC than the WI-, SL-, and SHL-derived indices, and the AL-derived STI was the best index for estimating the LNC in terms of both calibration (Rc2 = 0.78, relative root mean-squared error (RRMSEc) = 13.5%) and validation (Rv2 = 0.83, RRMSEv = 10.9%). It suggests that extracting the spectral and textural features of all leaves from near-ground hyperspectral images can precisely estimate the LNC of wheat throughout the growing season. The workflow is promising for the LNC estimation of other crops and could be helpful for precision agriculture.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Drill-Seeded Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Diarra ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Culm Density ◽  
High Yields

Field experiments were conducted to investigate methods of controlling red rice (Oryza sativaL. ♯ ORYSA) in drill-seeded rice (O. sativa). Treatments included the rice cultivar ‘Mars', coated with calcium peroxide (CaO2) at 40% (w/w) and a crop protectant, R-33865 (O,O-diethyl-O-phenyl phosphorothioate) at 0.5 and 1% (v/w). Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) at 6.7 kg ai/ha was applied preplant incorporated (ppi). The land was flooded (2.5 to 5 cm deep) after seeding with rice (100 kg/ha, 2.5 cm deep), and the water was maintained throughout the growing season. CaO2, with or without molinate, increased rice grain yield 50% and increased rice culm density fivefold above untreated rice. Molinate applied ppi controlled 96% of the red rice. Rice seed coated with only CaO2or with CaO2plus R-33865 at 0.5%, each combined with ppi molinate, produced 5690 and 6030 kg/ha of grain, respectively. These high yields were associated with red rice control by molinate and good stands of rice provided by O2supplied by CaO2. R-33865 applied to rice seed at 1% (v/w) injured rice by reducing rice culm densities 41%, compared with rice without protectant.

Critical time for weed removal in glyphosate-resistant soybean as influenced by preemergence herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Pavle Pavlovic ◽  
O. Adewale Osipitan ◽  
Ethann R. Barnes ◽  
Clint Beiermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Alternative Sites ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Weed Removal

AbstractWidespread and repeated use of glyphosate resulted in an increase in glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds. This led to an urgent need for diversification of weed control programs and use of PRE herbicides with alternative sites of action. Field experiments were conducted over a 4-yr period (2015 to 2018) across three locations in Nebraska to evaluate the effects of PRE-applied herbicides on critical time for weed removal (CTWR) in GR soybean. The studies were laid out in a split-plot arrangement with herbicide regime as the main plot and weed removal timing as the subplot. The herbicide regimes used were either no PRE or premix of either sulfentrazone plus imazethapyr (350 + 70 g ai ha−1) or saflufenacil plus imazethapyr plus pyroxasulfone (26 + 70 + 120 g ai ha−1). The weed removal timings were at V1, V3, V6, R2, and R5 soybean stages, with weed-free and weedy season-long checks. Weeds were removed by application of glyphosate (1,400 g ae ha−1) or by hoeing. The results across all years and locations suggested that the use of PRE herbicides delayed CTWR in soybean. In particular, the CTWR without PRE herbicides was determined to be around the V1 to V2 (14 to 21 d after emergence [DAE]) growth stage, depending on the location and weed pressure. The use of PRE-applied herbicides delayed CTWR from about the V4 (28 DAE) stage up to the R5 (66 DAE) stage. These results suggest that the use of PRE herbicides in GR soybean could delay the need for POST application of glyphosate by 2 to 5 wk, thereby reducing the need for multiple applications of glyphosate during the growing season. Additionally, the use of PRE herbicides could provide additional modes of action needed to manage GR weeds in GR soybean.

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