scholarly journals Biological plant protection in greenhouse, intensive and organic farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 00024
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pavlyushin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Positive Results

The scientific schools of All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection offer a new paradigm for the development of plant protection, based on the principles of managing the phytosanitary state of agroecosystems. In recent years, the biological protection of vegetables in greenhouses develops intensively. The assortment of protective biological products are in demand on the domestic market and have proven themselves in bioprotection systems. Given the strict regulatory framework for organic farming and the presence of a wide variety of phytosanitary objects, the phytosanitary risks are of great importance when ecologically safe agricultural products are to be obtained. In intensive crop production, plant protection is largely based upon application of synthetic pesticides. Efforts are aimed at reduction of harm and one of the modern trends is the increase in usage of biological products for treatment of seeds as well as spraying crops during the vegetation season. More biological products are used nowadays and positive results are obtained.

scholarly journals The efficacy of essential oils against Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter and Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E. S. Salmon in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Tamás Hochbaum ◽  
Marietta Petróczy ◽  
Márta Ladányi ◽  
Géza Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Abstract Though profitable crop production can be more simply achieved by using synthetic pesticides, the research of alternative plant protection solutions is necessary. The effect of the volatile oils of cinnamon, thyme, and a copper ingredient fertilizer were tested for their activity against apple scab and powdery mildew in apple orchards in 2014 and 2017. Oils applied alone or in combination were effective against apple scab in 2014 and in 2017 and against powdery mildew on leaves in 2017. The copper ingredient fertilizer product improved the efficacy of the oils. The results of these trials show that the tested volatile oils are suitable candidates for further research and for the development of organic fungicides against the diseases of apple.

scholarly journals Comparative Advantage of Using Bio-pesticides in Indian Agro-ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hasrat Arjjumend ◽  
Konstantia Koutouki ◽  
Simon Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

The use of unsustainable levels of plant protection chemicals and fertilizershas resulted in a steady decline in soil quality and crop productivity the world over. To combat this decline, agricultural practices must evolve to meet the growing global demand for food without irreversibly damaging the world’s natural resources.Biopesticides have tremendous potential to bring sustainability to agriculture and environmental safety.This article is part of a larger study conducted in India by the authors at theUniversité de Montréal with the support of Mitacs and Earth Alive Clean Technologies. In this research, farmers, manufacturers or suppliers of biopesticides, and R&D scientistswere interviewed, and their responses demonstratethe advantages of applyingmicrobial biopesticidesto field crops. Participants reported a15-30% increase in yields and crop production after the application ofbiopesticides, with better quality and quantity of fruits, grains, and tubers with a longer shelf life. Moreover, while the risk of croploss is high (60-70%) with chemicallygrown crops, this risk is reduced to 33% on average when crops are grown using biopesticides. The risk of crop loss is thus considerably reducedby the use ofbiopesticides.Yet, despite their positive impact on the health of humans, soil,ecosystems, andfriendly invertebrates,biopesticides face significant challenges and competition vis-à-vis synthetic pesticides for a variety of reasons. The development of biopesticides must overcome the problems of improper formulations, short shelf life, delayed action, and high market costs, as well as a variety oflegal/registration issues.

scholarly journals Technical and technological support justification of the microbiological products' production for plant protection

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
L. P. Zuyakova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Methods Analytical

Annotation Purpose. To substantiate recommendations and perspective technical and technological decisions on production of microbiological preparations for protection of plants against diseases and pests for creation of bioproductions. Methods. Analytical review of scientific and technical sources, normative, balance and technical-economic calculations. Results. Recommendations for the production of microbiopreparations are substantiated and an industrial site for the production of microbiopreparations with a capacity of 420 l/cycle is recommended. The main technological equipment is the fermentation complex FKM-420, developed by specialists of ITI “Biotechnics” NAAS for the cultivation of liquid microbiota. Substantiated recommendations for the production of microbiological products. Conclusions. Recommended industrial site for the production of microbiological products with a capacity of 420 l/cycle. Obtaining biological products as close as possible to their use (to areas under crops) will positively affect the quality of biological products and the cost of crop production, will provide additional jobs in rural areas and organic food, and will also contribute to the revival of Ukrainian black soil. The implementation of the biomethod depends on state support in the form of subsidies (subsidies), which will stimulate the development of organic production in Ukraine. Organic farming using the biological method of protecting agricultural plants from diseases and pests will make it possible to obtain high-quality environmentally friendly food for the population, help preserve the nation's gene pool, raise the image of the state, and also reduce environmental pollution and increase soil fertility. Keywords: microbiological preparations, plant protection, bioproduction, industrial site, fermentation complex, technological equipment.

Concept of production development strategy biological plant protection products

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
V. Krutyakova
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Regional Networks ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbiological Industry

The purpose. Increase of biologization level of agriculture in Ukraine on the basis of working out of the development strategy concept of regional networks of the enterprises on manufacture of plants biological protection frames. Methods. The researches were carried out on the basis of the analysis of the current state, necessary literary sources and existing normative-legal documents on the issues of biologization of agriculture in Ukraine. The results. The concept of formation and development of the strategy of regional networks of enterprises for the production of agriculture biologization means, which consists of four blocks: target block – reducing the impact of chemicals on crop production and the environment; forecast-analytical block – determining the structure of crops, the volume of production; block of environmental factors – determining where it is possible to replace chemicals with biological ones; conceptual block – assessment of the possibility of creating a system of biofactories and laboratories and the solution of the problem. In order to implement the strategy for the production of crop biologization agents, the following scenario of development of entomological and microbiological industry is proposed: organizational direction, economic direction, technical and technological direction, normative and legal direction. The paper also proposes the stages of implementation of the scenario of the industry development for the production of plant breeding biologization means: partial modernization of existing production facilities; large-scale investment development of the direction. Conclusions 1.The offered concept of strategy of development of entomological and microbiological industry for biological protection of plants is a necessary condition of development of organic agriculture, maintenance of manufacture of high-quality organic production and essential reduction of influence of chemical methods of struggle against wreckers on an ecological condition of environment. Such concept should be immediately introduced in Ukraine. 2.As a result of implementation of tasks on development of serial production of technological equipment for equipping of biological production, reconstruction, technical re-equipment and creation of new biological factories and biolaboratories the dynamics of increase in production of means of agriculture biologization is predicted. Keywords: biologization of agriculture, entomologist and microbiological industry, concept, development strategy, regulatory framework.

Биологические препараты против болезней растений

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Dzhalilov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Biological Protection

Изложены факторы, способствующие развитию биологического метода защиты растений от болезней: неэффективность химических средств против ряда вредоносных заболеваний, опасность химических препаратов для здоровья человека и окружающей природной среды, удобство и экономическая выгода использования ряда биопрепаратов, соответствие современным требованиям для технологий защищенного грунта, которые предусматривают использование биологических объектов (например, насекомых-опылителей). Представлены теоретические основы биологической защиты растений от болезней – типы экологических отношений между организмами: сосуществование (отсутствие отрицательной зависимости между численностью взаимодействующих популяций), антагонизм (конкуренция за источники питания, антибиоз, паразитизм, гиперпаразитизм). Дана характеристика основным группам микроорганизмов, на основе которых созданы биопрепараты: грибы Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. koningii; Gliocladium virens), бактериии (виды родов Pseudomonas и Bacillus), вирусам и механизмам их защитного действия (для Trichoderma – направленный рост гиф антагониста в направлении к метаболитам гриба-хозяина, оплетение гифов гриба-хозяина и перфорация клеточной стенки хозяина, последующая полная колонизация хозяина, проникновение в мицелий хозяина, активный рост внутри клеток, гибель мицелия гриба-хозяина; для Pseudomonas – образование стабильных комплексов с трехвалентным железом, связывание ионов трехвалентного железа в почве, как следствие – лишение многих видов фитопатогенных грибов необходимого элемента питания, что приводит к остановке их развития). Указано на значение контроля показателей качества препаратов для успешной защиты растений от болезней (титр, чистота и биологическая активность).The factors contributing to the development of the biological method of plant protection from diseases are described: the inefficiency of chemicals against a number of harmful diseases, the danger of chemicals for human health and the environment, the convenience and economic benefits of the use of a number of biological products, compliance with modern requirements for protected soil technologies, which provide for the use of biological objects (for example, pollinators). Theoretical bases of biological protection of plants from diseases-types of ecological relations between organisms are presented: coexistence (absence of negative dependence between the number of interacting populations), antagonism (competition for food sources, antibiosis, parasitism, hyperparasitism). The characteristics of the main groups of microorganisms on the basis of which biological products are given: fungi Trichoderma viride, T.harzianum, T. koningii; Gliocladium virens), bacteriae (species of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas), viruses and the mechanisms of their protective action (for Trichoderma – directed growth of the hyphae of the antagonist towards the metabolites of the fungus-host entanglement of the hyphae of the fungus-host and perforation of the cell wall of the host, to the complete colonization of the host, penetration into the host mycelium, the active growth inside the cells, the death of the mycelium of the fungus-host; for Pseudomonas – the formation of stable complexes with trivalent iron, binding of ferric ions in the soil, as a consequence – the deprivation of many species of phytopathogenic fungi necessary element of nutrition, which leads to a halt in their development). The importance of monitoring the quality of preparations for the successful protection of plants from diseases are noted: titer, purity and biological activity.

LEGAL CONDITIONS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Anna Olkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
The World

Agriculture is one of the basic human activities. This activity, however, also had a negative impact on the environment. For decades, organic farming, understood as a system of management of sustainable crop production and livestock within the farm, has been developing. Constantly increases both the number of organic producers and the area of organic farming. Organic agriculture is currently supported with success through the development of the law in this area, both on the world market, European and Polish. Thanks to regulations gradually entered into force a consumer acquiring products referred to as organic is convinced that they are free from contamination, such as residues of plant protection products and hormones, and when their production not used chemical fertilizers and genetically modified organisms.

Activities of the consulting centres of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr»

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
А.М. Малько ◽  
Ю.Н. Николаев ◽  
А.В. Живых ◽  
О.А. Герасименко
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
The Russian Federation

ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» сегодня – самое крупное федеральное государственное учреждение, подведомственное Минсельхозу России и занимающееся предоставлением услуг в области растениеводства. 78 филиалов нашей организации в субъектах Российской Федерации, более 1200 отделений филиалов в районных муниципальных образованиях, позволяют учреждению быть ближе к каждому сельхозтоваропроизводителю. Консультационные услуги в сельской местности весьма востребованы как сельхозтоваропроизводителями, так и владельцами личных подсобных хозяйств. Во всем мире в том или ином виде для помощи аграриям существуют различные организации, оказывающие помощь в возникающих при с.-х. производстве вопросах. Для доступности услуг ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» в регионах Российской Федерации организованы консультационные пункты, в которых кроме консультации в области защиты растений и семеноводства, можно приобрести качественный посевной и посадочный материал, препараты для защиты растений, агрохимикаты и т.д. Отдельное направление работы консультационных пунктов – продвижение сортов отечественных научных учреждений и оригинаторов. Создан алгоритм взаимодействия с научно-исследовательскими институтами, селекционными центрами, оригинаторами, а также разработан план мероприятий, направленный на совершенствование мер по стимулированию аграриев к использованию достижений российского семеноводства. Работа в этом направлении позволит снизить зависимость отечественных товаропроизводителей от зарубежных поставок семенного фонда и повысить эффективность производства с.-х. культур. Перспективное направление работы консультационных пунктов – распространение брендовой продукции с логотипом ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр»: пакетированные семена, биопрепараты для защиты растений и агрохимикаты, биопрепараты для силосования. Основная отличительная особенность этой продукции – уверенность покупателей в ее качестве, благодаря чему она пользуется высокой популярностью. Работа ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» по предоставлению услуг консультационными пунктами, как показал опыт, вызывает высокий интерес аграриев в регионах Российской Федерации. Они справедливо называют ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» своим главным помощником в нелегком сельском труде. FSBI «Rosselkhoztsentr» today is the largest federal state institution subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and engaged in the provision of crop production services. 78 branches of our organization in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, more than 1200 branches of affiliates in regional municipalities, allow the institution to be closer to every agricultural producer. Consulting services in rural areas are in great demand both with agricultural producers and owners of personal subsidiary plots. All over the world, in one form or another, there are various organizations providing assistance in issues of agricultural production, in order to help farmers. For the availability of the services of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr» consulting centers have been organized, in the regions of the Russian Federation, where, in addition to consulting on plant protection and seed production, one can purchase high-quality seed and planting material, plant protection chemicals, agrochemicals, etc. A separate area of work of consulting centers is to carry out organizational work for varieties of domestic scientific institutions and originators promotion. An algorithm for interaction with research institutes, breeding centers, originators has been created, and an action plan has been developed for the improvement measures with objective to encourage farmers the achievements of Russian seed production usage. Work in this area will reduce the dependence of domestic producers on imported seed supplies and the increase of crop production efficiency. A promising area of consulting centers work is the distribution of branded products with the logo of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr»: packaged seed, biological products for plant protection and agrochemicals, biological products for silage. The main distinguishing feature of these products is customer’s confidence in their quality, and therefore it is of high popularity. Experience has shown that the work of the FSBI «Rosselkhoztsentr» on the provision of services by consulting centers is of great interest to farmers in the regions of the Russian Federation. They worthily regard the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr» as the main assistant in difficult farm work.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Season Long Training Programme on Knowledge Levels in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
G. Prasad Babu ◽  
M. Jayalakshmi ◽  
B. H. Chaitanya ◽  
M. Mahadevaiah ◽  
T. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge Levels

The study was undertaken to know the effectiveness of season long training programme imparted to Village Agriculture Assistants (VAAs) in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh by DoA (Department of Agriculture) during kharif 2020. One-group pre and post evaluation design was employed for conducting a formative evaluation. The knowledge tests were administered to 113 VAAs, before and after the training programme. The results showed that there was a significant knowledge gain in subjects like crop production, plant protection and general agriculture in terms of qualification wise, division wise and subject wise. The pre-training mean knowledge score of the trainees was 37.95, which increased to 53.77 after the training. There was an increase of 15.82 in the mean knowledge score, which is significant at the level p < 0.01. In the correlation analysis education, experience, social participation, rural back ground and land holding were found to have significant relationship with knowledge levels of the VAAs. Majority of the respondents expressed in their feedback that they were ‘satisfied ‘regarding its usefulness in enhancing knowledge, appropriateness of the content & its relevancy, stimulation of inquisitiveness, arousal of curiosity & interest.

scholarly journals Study of Type and Extent of Training Received by KVK Trainees

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Karak ◽  
Siddhartha Dev Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
High Level

The present study has been conducted in three blocks of Nadia district with the specific objectives to ascertain the preferences of the trainees about different broad areas of training imparted by Gayeshpur Krishi Vigyan Kendra (hereafter to be mentioned as KVK); to ascertain the extent of training attended by trainee; and to study the extent of training received by KVK trainees on different aspects of farming. Data related with different aspects of research like, extent of attending training; preference of respondents for different aspects of training, extent of training received on different aspects etc. have been collected from 120 respondents of two study blocks by administering structured interview schedule. Data so collected were analyzed by use of appropriate statistical tools as discussed in methodological section. The results of the study showed that majority of the respondents attended training program in once in a three-month followed by once in six months and twice in a month respectively. The study also depicted that respondents had differential preferences for different aspects of training as well as they have received differential levels of training on different aspects of training imparted through KVK. The study can be concluded that respondents attended training program moderately to the tune of once in three months and once in six months; they were found to have semi-medium level of preferences about different aspects of training; primarily they have received medium level of training on seed science, crop production, plant protection and animal husbandry. In case of horticulture, it was found that majority of the respondents received high level of training followed by sei-medium level.

Comparative Advantage of Using Biopesticides in Ukrainian Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrat Arjjumend ◽  
Konstantia Koutouki ◽  
Olga Donets
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Irreversible Damage

The use of unsustainable levels of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals has resulted in a steady decline in soil and crop productivity the world over. Soil biology has undergone irreversible damage, coupled with a high concentration of toxic chemical residues in plant tissues and human bodies. Agricultural practices must evolve to sustainably meet the growing global demand for food without irreversibly damaging soil. Microbial biocontrol agents have tremendous potential to bring sustainability to agriculture in a way that is safe for the environment. Biopesticides do not kill non-target insects, and biosafety is ensured because biopesticides act as antidotes and do not lead to chemical contamination in the soil. This article is part of a larger study conducted in Ukraine by researchers at the Université de Montréal with the support of Mitacs and Earth Alive Clean Technologies. The responses of farmers who use biofertilizers (“user farmers”) and those who do not (“non-user farmers”), along with the responses of manufacturers or suppliers of biofertilizers, and research and development (R&D) scientists are captured to demonstrate the advantages of applying microbial biopesticides to field crops. Participants reported a 15-30% increase in yields and crop production after the application of biopesticides. With the use of biopesticides, farmers cultivated better quality fruits, grains, and tubers with a longer shelf life. Moreover, while the risk of crop loss remains high (60-70%) with chemically grown crops, this risk is reduced to 33% on average if crops are grown using biopesticides. The findings indicate that a large proportion of farmers would prefer to use biopesticides if they are effective and high quality products. In this context, the quality and effectiveness of products is therefore very important. Despite their benefits to soil, human health, and ecosystems, biopesticides face significant challenges and competition vis-à-vis synthetic pesticides for a variety of reasons. Therefore, the development of biopesticides must overcome the problems of poor quality products, short shelf life, delayed action, high market costs, and legal/registration issues.

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