scholarly journals Theoretical research of process of separating tobacco leaf from stem

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00027
Author(s):  
Sergey K. Papusha ◽  
Vladimir K. Papusha ◽  
Yulia A. Pestryakova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Agricultural Engineering

The article is devoted to tobacco leaves harvesting in per leaf way, using a roller-type separating device acting on object of harvesting with rolling cutter having cutting flanges forming leaf–separating cells in working area.The subject of these studies is highly specialized and relates to field of agricultural engineering. Tobacco plants were chosen as an object of processing. The aim of research was theoretical substantiation of the interaction of tobacco stems with leaf–separating device in process of harvesting.The article has a research character, which is expressed in fact that theoretical analysis of interaction of tobacco plant with leaf–separating of cutter–roller type in process of harvesting is carried out. In result of research there were obtained dependences that allow to determine constructive and technological parameters of separating device for separating tobacco leaf. Conclusions set out the main results achieved so far.

scholarly journals Theoretical Study of the Process of Separating the Tobacco Leaf from the Stem

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03113
Author(s):  
Sergey Papusha ◽  
Andrey Domrin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Research Type

The article is devoted to the cleaning of tobacco leaves by the leaf-by-leaf method, using a roller-type separating device acting on the object of cleaning with a drum knife having cutting edges, forming leaf-separating cells in the working area. The subject of these studies is highly specialized and relates to the field of agricultural engineering. Tobacco plants were selected as the object of processing. The purpose of the research was the theoretical substantiation of the interaction of tobacco stalks with the leaf-separating apparatus in the harvesting process. The article is of a research type, which is expressed in the fact that a theoretical analysis of the interaction of a tobacco plant with a leaf-separating device of a knife-drum type in the cleaning process is carried out. As a result of the research, dependencies were obtained that allow determining the design and technological parameters of the separating apparatus for separating a tobacco leaf. The conclusions present the main results achieved so far.

scholarly journals Interaction of rotary working body of roller type with the object of processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 05007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey K. Papusha ◽  
Azamat E. Bogus ◽  
Vladimir I. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Arbitrary Point ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf

There was presented the constructive-technological scheme of leaf-separating apparatus for harvesting tobacco leaves in the article. There was conducted the theoretical analysis of the process of tobacco leaf separation from a stalk. There were obtained the dependencies characterizing the trajectory and speed of arbitrary point of the cutting edge of a small drum.

Heterologous expression of synthetic chicken IFN-γ in transgenic tobacco plants

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Wu ◽  
Degang Zhao ◽  
Li Song ◽  
Wenzhao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractTo develop a plant expression system for the production of the chicken interferon gamma (ChIFN-γ) oral vaccine adjuvant, we investigated whether the ChIFN-γ protein can be expressed in tobacco plants. The coding sequence of the ChIFN-γ gene was optimized by modification of codon usage to that of tobacco plant genes. A synthetic ChIFN-γ gene was inserted into plasmid pSW-IFNG containing the CaMV35S promoter, NOS terminator, GUS (β-glucuronidase) reporter gene and the nptII resistance gene. The synthetic ChIFN-γ gene, along with an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (SEKDEL) was introduced into tobacco plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of the ChIFN-γ gene in transformants. Histochemical GUS assay of the tobacco leaves revealed stable integration of ChIFN-γ into the genome. RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of ChIFN-γ-specific transcript. Bands of approximately 30 and 40 kDa were detected by Western analysis of transgenic tobacco leaves using an anti-chicken IFN-γ antibody. Furthermore, quantitative ELISA detected ChIFN-γ protein, suggesting that tobacco leaves expressed ChIFN-γ of up to 10 to 20 µg/g fresh leaf weight, or 0.02 to 0.04% of total soluble protein. ChIFN-γ present in tobacco extracts possessed antiviral activity (4.8×105 IU/mg in vitro). The present results indicate that the ChIFN-γ introduced into tobacco plant was correctly transcribed and translated in plant. High-level expression of biologically active ChIFN-γ will allow further studies of oral administration and therapeutic effects of this cytokine.

scholarly journals Cold stress in the harvest period: effects on tobacco leaf quality and curing characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ke Ren ◽  
Mengyang Hu ◽  
Xian He ◽  
Kaiyuan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Abstract Background Weather change in high-altitude areas subjects mature tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to cold stress, which damages tobacco leaf yield and quality. A brupt diurnal temperature differences (the daily temperature dropping more than 20 °C) along with rainfall in tobacco-growing areas at an altitude above 2450 m, caused cold stress to field-grown tobacco. Results After the flue-cured tobacco suffered cold stress in the field, the surface color of tobacco leaves changed and obvious large browning areas were appeared, and the curing availability was extremely poor. Further research found the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the production quality were greatly reduced by cold stress. We hypothesize that cold stress in high altitude environments destroyed the antioxidant enzyme system of mature flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the quality of fresh tobacco leaves, the content of key chemical components, and the production quality were greatly reduced by cold stress. Conclusion This study confirmed that cold stress in high-altitude tobacco areas was the main reason for the browning of tobacco leaves during the tobacco curing process. This adverse environment seriously damaged the quality of tobacco leaves, but can be mitigated by pay attention to the weather forecast and pick tobacco leaves in advance.

Growth abnormalities in microorganisms exposed to tobacco leaf extracts

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1619-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ghabrial
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Extract Medium ◽  
Tobacco Extract ◽  
Growth Abnormalities

Unusual cultural changes were observed when several bacterial and yeast strains were grown on a medium containing aqueous extracts of tobacco leaves. In 24–48 h incubation on such a medium, several dark-brown papilla-like structures developed on the surface of normally smooth colonies. Moreover, smaller dark-brown refractile globular bodies were observed in the medium in areas beneath and surrounding the microbial colonies with papilla-like structures. Attempts to demonstrate the viability of these globular bodies failed. The cultural abnormalities observed on tobacco extract medium were unique to this medium since they were not detected in a wide variety of culture media tested. The lowest concentration of tobacco extract (dry wt. basis), which is required for the development of this phenomenon, was determined to be 0.5 mg/ml of medium.

Tobacco Leaf Grading Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Machine Vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Mengyao Lu ◽  
Shuwen Jiang ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Tian’en Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Grading Model

HighlightsA classification model for the front and back sides of tobacco leaves was developed for application in industry.A tobacco leaf grading method that combines a CNN with double-branch integration was proposed.The A-ResNet network was proposed and compared with other classic CNN networks.The grading accuracy of eight different grades was 91.30% and the testing time was 82.180 ms, showing a relatively high classification accuracy and efficiency.Abstract. Flue-cured tobacco leaf grading is a key step in the production and processing of Chinese-style cigarette raw materials, directly affecting cigarette blend and quality stability. At present, manual grading of tobacco leaves is dominant in China, resulting in unsatisfactory grading quality and consuming considerable material and financial resources. In this study, for fast, accurate, and non-destructive tobacco leaf grading, 2,791 flue-cured tobacco leaves of eight different grades in south Anhui Province, China, were chosen as the study sample, and a tobacco leaf grading method that combines convolutional neural networks and double-branch integration was proposed. First, a classification model for the front and back sides of tobacco leaves was trained by transfer learning. Second, two processing methods (equal-scaled resizing and cropping) were used to obtain global images and local patches from the front sides of tobacco leaves. A global image-based tobacco leaf grading model was then developed using the proposed A-ResNet-65 network, and a local patch-based tobacco leaf grading model was developed using the ResNet-34 network. These two networks were compared with classic deep learning networks, such as VGGNet, GoogLeNet-V3, and ResNet. Finally, the grading results of the two grading models were integrated to realize tobacco leaf grading. The tobacco leaf classification accuracy of the final model, for eight different grades, was 91.30%, and grading of a single tobacco leaf required 82.180 ms. The proposed method achieved a relatively high grading accuracy and efficiency. It provides a method for industrial implementation of the tobacco leaf grading and offers a new approach for the quality grading of other agricultural products. Keywords: Convolutional neural network, Deep learning, Image classification, Transfer learning, Tobacco leaf grading

Influence of the parameters of the gradient impact of a constant magnetic field on the intensification of the tobacco wilting process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. Виневский ◽  
А.В. Чернов
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Linear Gradient ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
The Impact

Исследовано влияние параметров градиентного воздействия постоянного магнитного поля (ПМП) на интенсификацию процесса томления табачных листьев. Выдвинута рабочая гипотеза о том, что для стимулирования процесса томления листьев табака необходимо градиентное воздействие на них ПМП, возникающее в результате перемещения листьев относительно системы постоянных магнитов. Введено понятие приведенного коэффициента убыли влаги, равное отношению влажности обработанных листьев к влажности контрольных образцов – необработанных листьев. Установлено, что при использовании точечного градиентного воздействия ПМП на среднюю жилку табачных листьев частотой 0,3 Гц и продолжительности обработки в течение 115–125 с при высоте расположения магнитов 25 мм процесс томления листьев ускоряется на 28,8% в сравнении с контролем. При линейном градиентном воздействии ПМП на табачный лист с частотой 0,3 Гц процесс томления ускоряется на 4,7–15,5% в зависимости от продолжительности обработки (10–40 с). При увеличении продолжительности обработки до 80 с процесс томления листьев табака замедлился. Установлено максимальное ускорение процесса томления листьев табака: при точечном градиентном воздействии ПМП на среднюю жилку табачного листа частотой 0,3 Гц и продолжительности обработки в течение 115–125 с; при линейном градиентном воздействии ПМП на табачный лист частотой 0,3 Гц и продолжительности обработки в течение 55–65 с. The influence of the parameters of the gradient effect of a constant magnetic field (CMF) on the intensification of the process of languishing tobacco leaves is studied. A working hypothesis is put forward that to stimulate the process of tobacco languor, it is necessary to have a gradient effect on them of CMF, which occurs as a result of the movement of leaves relative to the system of permanent magnets. The concept of the reduced coefficient of moisture loss is introduced, which is equal to the ratio of the humidity of treated leaves to the humidity of control samples-untreated leaves. It was found that when using a point gradient effect of CMF on the middle vein of tobacco leaves with a frequency of 0,3 Hz and a duration of processing for 115–125 s at the height of the magnets of 25 mm, the process of leaf languor is accelerated by 28,8% in comparison with the control. When the linear gradient effect of CMF on the tobacco leaf with a frequency of 0,3 Hz, the languor process is accelerated by 4,7–15,5%, depending on the duration of treatment (10–40 s). In the future, with an increase in the processing time to 80 s, the process of languishing tobacco leaves slowed down. The maximum acceleration of the process of languishing tobacco leaves is established: for spot gradient effect of CMF on the mid-veins of tobacco leaf frequency of 0,3 Hz and duration of treatment for 115–125 s; a linear gradient in the impact of CMF on the tobacco sheet with a treatment frequency of 0,3 Hz and duration of treatment for 55–65 s.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK DAUN TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura F) PADA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) DI LAPANG

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maria Goreti Firma
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Mustard Plant

This study aims to determine the effect of tobacco plant extracts on mortality of armyworm pests (Spodoptera litura F.) and determine the optimum concentration of tobacco leaf extracts on mortality of armyworm caterpillars on mustard plants in the field. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications namely T1: 175 ml/L concentration of tobacco leaf extract, T2: 350 ml/L concentration of tobacco leaf extract T3: Concentration of 525 ml/L tobacco leaf extract, T4: Concentration of 700 ml/L tobacco leaf extract, T5: Concentration of 875 ml/L of tobacco leaf extract. The observation variables in this study were pest mortality (%), damage intensity (%), plant fresh weight, and fresh weight per hectare (ton). The results showed that the concentration of tobacco leaf extracts significantly affected the mortality of Spodoptera litura F. At the concentration of T5 treatment (875 ml) were the lowest damage, pest mortality, fresh weight of the mustard plant, and fresh weight per hectare of was 9.75%, 88%, 109.25 gr, and27.31 tons respectively.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Localized Acquired Resistance (LAR) and the Hypersensitive Response (HR): HR Is Necessary for LAR to Occur and Salicylic Acid Is Not Sufficient to Trigger LAR

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Costet ◽  
Sylvain Cordelier ◽  
Stéphan Dorey ◽  
Fabienne Baillieul ◽  
Bernard Fritig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pr Proteins ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

In tobacco plants reacting hypersensitively to pathogen infection, localized acquired resistance (LAR) is induced in a sharp zone surrounding hypersensitive response (HR) lesions. Using a fungal glycoprotein inducing HR and LAR when infiltrated at 50 nM into tobacco leaves, we have shown previously that a plant signal(s) is released by HR cells and diffuses to induce LAR. Here we address two questions: does LAR occur when HR is not induced, and is salicylic acid the (or one of the) mobile LAR signal? We found that application to tobacco leaves of 0.25 nM glycoprotein triggered defense responses without HR and without an H2O2 burst. The analyzed responses include changes in expression of O-methyltransferase (OMT), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCoA reductase, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and changes in levels of the signal salicylic acid. No defense responses and no increased resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection were found beyond the elicitor-infiltrated tissue, providing strong evidence that there is no LAR without HR. Treatments of NahG tobacco leaves with 50 nM elicitor induced the HR and, in the sharp zone surrounding the HR lesion, a strong activation of OMT and of basic PR proteins, but not of acidic PR-1 proteins. This indicates that a signal different from salicylic acid is diffusing.

Necessity in development of sheet rolling theory, taking into account nonstationarity of technology and negative dynamic effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 510-513
Author(s):  
A.V. Kozhevnikov ◽  
I.A. Kozhevnikova ◽  
V.S. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Sheet Rolling ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Rolling Equipment ◽  
Rolling Production

The analysis of the existing modern problems of rolling production related to the need to take into account the nonstationarity of technological parameters and negative dynamic effects for calculating of power parameters and designing of technology and rolling equipment is performed. Theoretical substantiation and research results confirming their relevance are proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document