scholarly journals CO2 methanation over Co–Ni catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Olena V. Ishchenko ◽  
Alla G. Dyachenko ◽  
Andrii V. Yatsymyrskiy ◽  
Tetiana M. Zakharova ◽  
Snizhana V. Gaidai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Ni Catalysts ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

One of the major goals when creating new energy systems is to provide clean and affordable energy. Currently, there is an excessive increase in the cost of fossil fuels and natural gas because of increased energy consumption and the inability to meet demand. That is why it is necessary to find reliable renewable energy sources and processes that will produce energy materials without toxic by-products in order to preserve the environment and to ensuring sustainable development and a strong economy. From environmental safety reasons, this need has led to the development of the catalytic synthesis of energetic materials from greenhouse gases; in particular, this paper proposes an efficient approach to producing methane by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide over Co–Ni catalysts.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Al/HTPB Composite for High Energetic Materials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Alexander Vorozhtsov ◽  
Marat Lerner ◽  
Nikolay Rodkevich ◽  
Sergei Sokolov ◽  
Elizaveta Perchatkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
The Cost

Nanosized Al (nAl) powders offer increased reactivity than the conventional micron-sized counterpart, thanks to their reduced size and increased specific surface area. While desirable from the combustion viewpoint, this high reactivity comes at the cost of difficult handling and implementation of the nanosized powders in preparations. The coating with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is proposed to improve powder handling and ease of use of nAl and to limit its sensitivity to aging. The nAl/HTPB composite can be an intermediate product for the subsequent manufacturing of mixed high-energy materials while maintaining the qualities and advantages of nAl. In this work, experimental studies of the high-energy mixture nAl/HTPB are carried out. The investigated materials include two composites: nAl (90 wt.%) + HTPB (10 wt.%) and nAl (80 wt.%) + HTPB (20 wt.%). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed from 30 to 1000 °C at slow heating rate (10 °C/min) in inert (Ar) and oxidizing (air) environment. The combustion characteristics of propellant formulations loaded with conventional and HTPB-coated nAl are analyzed and discussed. Results show the increased burning rate performance of nAl/HTPB-loaded propellants over the counterpart loaded with micron-sized Al.

Understanding New Landscapes

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Bishop ◽  
Sophie Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Visual Landscape ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Case Basis

The pace of transition to new energy sources, and away from fossil fuels, is as hard to predict as any other impact of climate change. However, it appears inevitable that a transition will be made eventually. In some countries, notably Germany and Denmark, the process is already well underway. In others it is just beginning. This article uses the situation of the state of Victoria in southern Australia to explore the possible extent of landscape change under a move to renewable energy sources, and to explore the key variables and tools for analysis and communication which will identify the consequences and support planning. A scenario for a future level of wind power generation in Victoria is proposed, potential sites identified and then the visual impact of these analyzed, not simply on a case-by-case basis but as a system of facilities across the landscape. People travelling by road, or train, will be particularly aware of the extent to which the change is pervasive and new parameters and representations are proposed for documentation of these dynamic visual landscape outcomes.

The Other Side: Negative Impacts of Exploiting Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Orisa F. Ebube ◽  
Etim E. Akan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Cost

The increasing demand for energy threatens the earth with climate change due to emission of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. This has been the major driver for green energy. Renewable energy has the potential to reduce the negative effects of energy production on the environment at a global scale. However, the technology to harness the energy from renewable sources have only been well developed for the electricity market. Expanding the scope to supply other markets and sectors would lead to increase in demand on rare earth minerals which will reciprocally create negative environmental and socio-economic impacts.  In order to mitigate such impacts, strong regulatory policies will be required to control different aspects of renewable energy sources, the scale of production and footprint on the environment. Recycling renewable energy technology is a step in the right direction. However, the cost of recycling is found to be 5 times the cost of mining. This would affect the price of energy generated from renewable energy sources on a long run. A shift from fossil fuel would imply at least 20 trillion dollars in stranded assets which would trigger a financial collapse. This collapse would possibly lead to the complete loss of the oil, gas and coal industries, power producers, insurance companies and banks that hold loans for these industries.

scholarly journals Problems of renewable energy sources integration in estuary marine ports power supply systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
М.С. Харитонов ◽  
А.Ю. Никишин ◽  
И.Е. Кажекин
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Trade Port

В последние десятилетия наблюдается интенсивный рост морской торговли и увеличение объёмов морских грузоперевозок, которые привели к развитию соответствующей береговой инфраструктуры. Развивающиеся морские порты в ряде случаев становятся центрами экономического роста прибрежных территорий. Из-за локализации негативных экологических факторов в портовом регионе особое значение приобретают проблемы обеспечения экологической безопасности и устойчивого развития. Одним из эффективных методов снижения техногенного воздействия на экологию является замещение ископаемых видов топлива возобновляемыми источниками энергии, обеспечивающими электроэнергию для портовых операций и берегового питания морских судов. Однако для устьевых портов, как правило, характерны ограниченность территорий и пониженный потенциал возобновляемых ресурсов, в частности ветроэнергетики, в виду удаленности от прибрежных морских территорий. В статье на примере Калининградского морского торгового порта рассмотрены вопросы использования возобновляемых источников энергии для целей электроснабжения. Дана оценка потенциала солнечной и ветроэнергетики. Выполнен анализ системы электроснабжения порта и даны рекомендации по внедрению систем распределенной генерации на основе возобновляемых источников энергии. Recent decades have shown rapid growth of maritime trade and an increase in sea freight volumes, which led to the development of coastal infrastructure. Developing seaports in some cases become centers of economic growth in coastal areas. Due to the localization of negative environmental factors in the port region, problems of ensuring environmental safety and sustainable development are of particular importance. One of the effective methods to reduce the technogenic impact on the environment is the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources that provide electricity for port operations and onshore power supply of ships. However, estuarine ports have limited territories and a reduced potential of renewable resources, in particular wind energy, due to the remoteness from coastal marine territories. The article examines the use of renewable energy sources for power supply using the example of the Kaliningrad Sea Trade Port. An assessment of the potential of solar and wind energy is given. The analysis of the power supply system of the port was carried out and recommendations were given for the implementation of distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources.

Comparing the generation of electricity from renewable and non-renewable energy sources in Iran and the world: now and future

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirhabibi Mohsen ◽  
Askari Mohammad Bagher ◽  
Bahrampour Mohammad Reza ◽  
Mirzaei Mahmoud abadi Vahid ◽  
Tikdari Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lut Desert

Regarding the renewable energies, the cost of producing electricity and the remaining reserves from fossil fuels in Iran is compared with the same in other countries. Several advantages of renewable energies are studied in the present research with emphasis on solar energy; the Lut desert in Iran is introduced as a high potential for supplying the country’s energy. Various effects of such generation of energy on economy, environment, and public health are also studied.

ANALYSIS OF WAYS FOR ACHIEVING 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD (REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
T.A. Zheliezna
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The aim of the work is to analyze targets on the transition to 100% renewable energy sources (RES) existing in different countries of the world as well as strategies for their achievement. The task of the work is to identify the most promising directions and develop appropriate recommendations for Ukraine. The global trend is setting targets for the transition to 100% RES, at least in some energy sectors, developing appropriate strategies and their implementation. Over the last decade, the cost of renewable energy has been steadily declining, making RES more competitive with fossil fuels in many parts of the world. Today, more than 50 countries, hundreds of cities and regions in one form or another have committed to switching to 100% RES. Most often it is about achieving 100% of renewable electricity. So far, at least 52 cities and regions have achieved their targets for the transition to 100% RES. Of these, 41 are located in Europe and 9 are located in the United States. About 2/3 of these targets relate only to renewable electricity. In Ukraine, the official targets for the development of RES are set out in the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 and in the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035. Recently, a draft Concept of the “green” energy transition of Ukraine until 2050 was developed, which sets the goal of achieving a climate-neutral economy by 2070. One of the main directions of decarbonization of the economy is the development of RES in combination with increasing energy efficiency and energy saving. It is necessary to resume completing the document with the inclusion of reasonable long-term goals to achieve 100% RES in certain energy sectors and in the whole energy balance of Ukraine.

scholarly journals National energy strategies of Germany and Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Anil Berkin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Strategies

Abstract   Since the last decade, the energy policies of some countries have changed. The investments in renewable energy sources have significantly increased in developed and developing countries, as the cost of the renewable plants are decreasing, during the same time. Germany, one of the most important country of Europe in terms of energy, has fastened its green energy policy, while Turkey, one of the most important developing countries in terms of energy demand, has showed a huge growth with the help of the agreements and new energy policy according to the European Union acquis. Germany and Turkey has always been in contact with each other because of their background. In this paper, their energy policies, future plans, energy production and consumption will be analysed and compared. Keywords: Germany, Turkey, energy policies, energy strategies.  

scholarly journals REALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF FUTURE COMPLEX PROCESSING OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS INTO BIOTHETANOL AND BY-PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
O. Obodovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

The use of plant biomass as a primary source of energy is currently unacceptable both from an economic and environmental point of view. The experience of a number of industries, in particular hydrolysis production, enables to solve the problem of profitability of organic biomass treatment by its deep complex processing with the resulting components whose cost exceeds the cost of organic raw materials as fuel. Currently, the main results of complex processing of organic raw materials are still energy-intensive products ̶ bioethanol and hydrolyzed lignin, which energy characteristics are commensurate with fossil fuels. Bioethanol production from starch-containing, sugar-containing or lignocellulosic raw materials requires the use of different technological stages and, accordingly, the cost of bioethanol for each type of raw material is different. Compared to bioethanol produced from sugar and starch raw materials, bioethanol manufactured from lignocellulosic raw materials is more expensive. Bioethanol obtained from lignocellulosic raw materials is more expensive compared to bioethanol from sugar and starch raw materials. The most energy-intensive in the technology of bioethanol obtaining from lignocellulosic raw materials is the stage of pretreatment of raw materials for hydrolysis, because the process of preliminary preparation and hydrolysis with dilute acids occurs at high temperatures and pressures. During enzymatic hydrolysis, the process temperature is maintained for a long time (up to several days). To ensure deep integrated processing of plant raw materials, as well as to reduce overall costs, it was proposed to improve the technology and equipment, which allow increasing the degree of conversion of raw materials into basic and by-products.

Energy After COVID

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Michael T. Klare
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Companies

By transforming patterns of travel and work around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to renewable energy and the decline of fossil fuels. Lockdowns brought car commuting and plane travel to a near halt, and the mass experiment in which white-collar employees have been working from home may permanently reduce energy consumption for business travel. Renewable energy and electric vehicles were already gaining market share before the pandemic. Under pressure from investors, major energy companies have started writing off fossil fuel reserves as stranded assets that are no longer worth the cost of extracting. These shifts may indicate that “peak oil demand” has arrived earlier than expected.

An Efficient Hybrid Forecasting Approach for Wind Speed Time Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Munnaluri ◽  
K. Ganesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hybrid Forecasting ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Future Utilization

Wind forecasting is one of the best efficient ways to deal with the challenges of wind power generation. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels renewable energy sources plays a major role for the generation of power. For future management and for future utilization of power, we need to predict the wind speed.  In this paper, an efficient hybrid forecasting approach with the combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) are proposed to improve the quality of prediction of wind speed. Due to the different parameters of wind, it is difficult to find the accurate prediction value of the wind speed. The proposed hybrid model of forecasting is examined by taking the hourly wind speed of past years data by reducing the prediction error with the help of Mean Square Error by 0.019. The result obtained from the Artificial Neural Networks improves the forecasting quality.

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