scholarly journals Supranational transfer of digital innovation in agribusiness through payment market mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 09051
Author(s):  
Olga Korobeynikova ◽  
Dmitry Korobeynikov ◽  
Larisa Popova ◽  
Anna Gorbacheva ◽  
Evgeniy Likholetov

The task of creating a single supranational payment market is to ensure its maximum independence, which correlates with the tasks of the competitive leading economic development of countries - the transition to a digital technological structure. To increase the efficiency of the generation of payment innovations with their subsequent diffusion into the agricultural sector, to strengthen the economy’s resistance to risks, a transfer of innovative institutional, organizational and informational forms of activity is necessary. The strategy of integration of payment markets of interstate economic associations in time and space should be based on the consolidation and symbiosis of innovative technology platforms of sovereign payment systems of the participating countries. For this, a conceptual model of a supranational transfer of digital innovations to the agricultural sector through the transmission mechanisms of payment systems is proposed. The model characterizes the mega-economic system, which provides for the heterarchical and hierarchical interaction of payment systems of donor countries and recipient countries in the framework of economic associations, in which the transfer of forms of innovative development to the agricultural sector is carried out. Digital innovations are transferred to the subjects of the agricultural market horizontally and vertically. The transfer of digital innovation occurs through institutional, organizational and informational communications with the parallel creation of structures for the subsequent evolution of the model.

Author(s):  
О.В. Исаева ◽  
Е.П. Криничная

В современном мире происходит формирование нового мирохозяйственного уклада, который характеризуется нестабильностью геополитической обстановки и «перекроением» торгово-экономических отношений, а также форсированным развитием высоких технологий и их активным внедрением в производственную сферу. В этой связи актуальным вопросом является усиление позиций России на международном рынке посредством реализации конкурентных преимуществ отечественных продовольственных товаров. Основа любого высокоэффективного и качественного производства, в том числе и аграрного, – техническая и технологическая оснащенность, высокий уровень которой обеспечивает своевременное выполнение агротехнологических мероприятий без нарушения технологических сроков сельскохозяйственных работ. Проведенные исследования показали, что в нашей стране отмечается значительное отставание в техникотехнологической обеспеченности и инновационности АПК в сравнении с передовыми аграрными странами, что не позволяет в полной мере реализовать потенциал сельскохозяйственной отрасли. В развитых странах мира отмечается переход к шестому технологическому укладу, основанному на применении наукоемких технологий. В этой связи для нашей страны все большую актуальность приобретают вопросы техникотехнологической модернизации и цифровизации аграрной отрасли, повышения инновационной активности субъектов агробизнеса, повсеместного использования научных достижений пятого технологического уклада и ускоренного перехода на «рельсы» шестого технологического уклада. Решение данных вопросов обеспечит паритет России с ведущими аграрными странами по качественным и количественным характеристикам выпускаемой сельскохозяйственной продукции на международном рынке. Одним из решений данной проблемы может стать разработка и внедрение единой государственной политики модернизации аграрной отрасли страны. In the modern world a new world economic structure is being formed, which is characterized by the instability of the geopolitical situation and the «redrawing» of trade and economic relations, as well as the forced development of high technologies and their active introduction into the production sphere. In this regard, an urgent issue is the strengthening of Russia's position in the international market through the implementation of competitive advantages of domestic food products. The basis of any high-efficiency and high-quality production, including agricultural, is technical and technological equipment, the high level of which ensures the timely implementation of agricultural technological measures without violating the technological terms of agricultural work. The conducted studies have shown that in our country there is a significant lag in the technical and technological provision and innovation of the agro-industrial complex in comparison with advanced agricultural countries, which does not allow us to fully realize the potential of the agricultural industry. In the developed countries of the world, there is a transition to the sixth technological structure, based on the use of high-tech technologies. In this regard, the issues of technical and technological modernization and digitalization of the agricultural sector, increasing the innovative activity of agribusiness entities, the widespread use of scientific achievements of the fifth technological structure and the accelerated transition to the «rails» of the sixth technological structure are becoming increasingly relevant for our country. The solution of these issues will ensure the parity of Russia with the leading agricultural countries in terms of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of agricultural products on the international market. One of the solutions to this problem can be the development and implementation of a unified state policy for the modernization of the agricultural sector of the country.


1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Finkelstain ◽  
Steven Buccola ◽  
Ziv Bar-Shira

In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.


Author(s):  
O. V. Isaeva ◽  

Purpose: to study and analyze technical and technological constituent of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the context of a new world economic structure formation and to highlight main issues and development potential. Methods. The monographic, analytical, abstract-logical methods and the method of monitoring studies were used in the course of research. Results. The development of the world economy is characterized by an unsteady and utterly unstable political situation, the “reshaping” of trade and economic relations, the accelerated development of high technologies and their active implementation in the production sphere, which forms the contours of a new world economic structure. As studies show, in our country there is a significant lag in technical and technological provision of the agricultural sector, low innovative activity of agricultural producers in comparison with the advanced agricultural countries, which does not allow fully realize the potential of the industry. If in the developed agrarian countries of the world there is a transition to the sixth technological structure based on the use of science-intensive technologies and innovations, then in Russia there is a simultaneous use of production technologies of the second, third, fourth and fifth technological orders with a predominance of the third and fourth orders, which in its own turn forms a significant lag of our country from the countries – leaders of the agricultural sector. In this regard, the key issues are: technical and technological modernization and digitalization of the agricultural industry, increasing the innovative activity of agribusiness entities, the widespread use of scientific achievements of the fifth technological structure and an accelerated transition to the sixth one. Conclusions. In order to strengthen Russia's position on the international agricultural market by realizing the competitive advantages of domestic goods and industries, it is proposed to develop and implement a unified state policy of the country's agricultural sector modernization.


2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
NFN Hermanto

<p>In the current globalization era, it can no longer be inevitable the importance of cooperation among countries to realize peace and mutual prosperity. One of the growing international collaborations in the Asia Pacific region is Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The idea of the agricultural cooperation importance is one of the efforts to respond to various challenges in free trade and globalization era where each country in the Asia Pacific region has its advantages and disadvantages. This paper aims to describe the readiness of Indonesia’s agriculture and reviewing several international cooperation that built in the Asia Pacific region. With the use of the analysis framework based on the theories of international cooperation, showed that Indonesian agricultural sector still requires effort to empowerment because dominated by the small-scale businesses with limited capital and innovative technology, respectively. Most of the agricultural export products are also still needs the exertion of increase of its competitiveness. The cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region is very prospective. Trade and investment cooperation are more open in the Asia Pacific region will open market opportunities for agricultural products Indonesia thereby potentially encourage high economic growth and to increase the standard of life of the people of Indonesia and other countries in the Asia Pacific region. To create new opportunities and new markets in the Asia Pacific region, needed the policy direction covering four interrelated matters, namely how to improve access of agricultural commodity markets, increase investment, develop technical cooperation and strengthen diplomacy function as a factor of facilitating Indonesia facilitators in facing many agriculture collaborations for today and the future.</p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Di era globalisasi seperti sekarang ini, tidak dapat lagi dielakkan pentingnya menjalin kerja sama antarnegara dalam rangka mewujudkan perdamaian dan kesejahteraan bersama. Salah satu kerja sama internasional yang berkembang saat ini di kawasan Asia Pasifik adalah <em>Association of South East Asian Nations</em> (ASEAN) dan <em>Asia Pasific Economic </em>Coorperation (APEC). Pemikiran akan pentingnya menjalin kerja sama, khususnya di bidang pertanian merupakan salah satu upaya merespon berbagai tantangan di era globalisasi dimana masing-masing negara di kawasan Asia Pasifik memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kesiapan pertanian Indonesia serta mereview beberapa kerja sama internasional yang dibangun di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Dengan kerangka analisis yang didasarkan pada teori-teori kerja sama internasional, diperoleh gambaran bahwa sektor pertanian Indonesia masih memerlukan upaya pembenahan/ dan pemberdayaan karena usaha pertanian saat ini masih didominasi oleh usaha dengan skala kecil, modal yang terbatas, dan penggunaan teknologi yang masih sederhana. Sebagian besar produk ekspor pertanian juga masih memerlukan upaya peningkatan daya saing. Meskipun demikian prospek kerja sama di kawasan Asia-Pasifik sangat menjanjikan. Kerja sama perdagangan dan investasi yang lebih terbuka di kawasan Asia Pasifik akan membuka peluang pasar bagi produk pertanian Indonesia sehingga berpotensi mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi, serta meningkatkan standar hidup masyarakat Indonesia dan negara lainnya di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Untuk menciptakan peluang baru serta pasar baru di kawasan Asia, dibutuhkan adanya strategi mencakup empat hal yang saling terkait yakni bagaimana meningkatkan akses pasar, meningkatkan investasi, mengembangkan kerja sama teknik (<em>technical cooperation</em>) serta penguatan fungsi diplomasi pertanian sebagai faktor pelancar Indonesia dalam menghadapi berbagai kerja sama di bidang pertanian saat ini dan ke depan.</p>


Author(s):  
Mariya Martynchuk

Innovative technologies in contemporary agriculture appear as an efficient instrument of introduction of ecological management to agricultural companies. The aim of the research is to investigate ecological consequences of agro-innovations. The research is based on methods of analysis, synthesis and logical generalization. The analysis of the publications of national scientists studying the issue of innovation in the agricultural sector has been studied. Terminological identification of the concept of "ahroinnovation" has been made. Best innovative technology for each type of agricultural activities has been singled out and grouped. Possible ecological and economic consequences of introduction the innovative technologies in national agricultural production have been predicted.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny Zulhuda ◽  
Afifah binti Sayuti

Cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin, is a digital currency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, operating independently of a central bank. It is an emerging financial technology enabled by innovation, increasingly popular among global Internet users, and more interestingly, it challenges the existing financial and regulatory rules on the currency and payment systems of the world today. On the other side, certain cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, have been actively used as payment tools for illicit transactions. Both the “promising” and "challenging" faces of cryptocurrency trigger causes for concern for policy makers, not only from financial sector, but also legal and technological sectors. The decentralised nature of cryptocurrency creates unique problems for the government to regulate or impose any regulatory requirements. This article argues that, in order for Malaysia to remain at the forefront of financial and digital innovation, it is timely to look at the question on whether to formulate certain policy and regulatory framework on the use of cryptocurrency in Malaysian market. The answer can pave the way for Malaysian digital citizens to potentially grab the opportunities made possible by the cryptocurrency technology. For this purpose, the researchers seek to study the features of cryptocurrency and the experiences from policymakers in other jurisdictions in dealing with the matter.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Manuel Ciruela-Lorenzo ◽  
Ana Rosa Del-Aguila-Obra ◽  
Antonio Padilla-Meléndez ◽  
Juan José Plaza-Angulo

The use of digital technologies has been recognized as one of the great challenges for businesses of the 21st century. This digitalization is characterized by the intensive use of information technologies in the different stages of the value chain of a sector. In this context, smart agriculture is transforming the agricultural sector in terms of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. In some countries, cooperatives, as the most common legal form of the incumbent companies, in this rather traditional low-intensive technology sector, are going to develop a relevant role in the process of adoption of these technologies. In this context, this paper provides, first, a review of the evolution of the main digital technologies, such as Internet of Things, robots, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Blockchain, among others. Second, a description of the digital innovation process in agri-cooperatives in order to help them in the decision-making process, and third, a digital diagnosis tool for measuring cooperatives’ digital innovation. This tool is initially applied to two cases of agri-cooperatives in Spain. All of this contributes to a better understanding of digitalization of agri-cooperatives in the context of smart agriculture.


2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Akmal Obidovich Sultonov ◽  
◽  
◽  

Today, the problem of water resources and their effective use is an urgent problem in many countries of the world. Due to the georegional features of the country, this problem largely affects the country's economy. The article discusses integrated methods for the optimal use of water resources, depending on performance indicators in the agricultural sector. Alternative irrigation methods in the process of optimal use of water resources and their impact on the agricultural economy are highlighted on the basis of mathematical (quantitative) analysis. The analyzes considered that economical irrigation methods not only save water resources and determine their effectiveness, but also that such irrigation methods should be applied in agriculture in accordance with the applicable characteristics of market mechanisms.


Author(s):  
Martin Chalkley

Economists have long regarded healthcare as a unique and challenging area of economic activity on account of the specialized knowledge of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the relatively weak market mechanisms that operate. This places a consideration of how motivation and incentives might influence performance at the center of research. As in other domains economists have tended to focus on financial mechanisms and when considering HCPs have therefore examined how existing payment systems and potential alternatives might impact on behavior. There has long been a concern that simple arrangements such as fee-for-service, capitation, and salary payments might induce poor performance, and that has led to extensive investigation, both theoretical and empirical, on the linkage between payment and performance. An extensive and rapidly expanded field in economics, contract theory and mechanism design, had been applied to study these issues. The theory has highlighted both the potential benefits and the risks of incentive schemes to deal with the information asymmetries that abound in healthcare. There has been some expansion of such schemes in practice but these are often limited in application and the evidence for their effectiveness is mixed. Understanding why there is this relatively large gap between concept and application gives a guide to where future research can most productively be focused.


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