A plain-text independent color image encryption system with multi-thread permutation and multi-channel diffusion

In this paper, we present a novel multi-threaded parallel permutation and channel-combined diffusion for image encryption which is independent of plain text. In our proposed method, the coupled map lattice is used to generate the key sequences for multi-thread permutation and diffusion. Then intra- and inter-thread permutations are achieved using multi-threading in combination with the tent mapping. For the subsequent diffusion, this paper introduces a method based on channel-combined diffusing which simultaneously diffuses three channels. Experimental results indicate a high encryption performance with the capability of effectively resisting the known plain text and differential attacks. Our proposed method also has a lower computational complexity which enables its applicability in practical scenarios.

Studying the Role of Media in the Diffusion of English Words Into the Kashmiri Language: A Linguistic Overview

Studying the predominant occurrence and existence of English lexicon in other languages in contact with English has emerged out to be of immense interest among the researchers of sociolinguistics and theoretical linguistics. The present study is devoted to demonstrate various English-Kashmiri language contact situations and the subsequent diffusion/ flow of English words into the Kashmiri language. The study attempts to explore the significant role of media in its different forms in enhancing and determining the transport of English words into the speech of Kashmiri speakers. The study seeks to address the motivation and inspiration of Kashmiri speakers behind the English-Kashmiri linguistic shift, and the influence of the prevailing circumstances on this English-Kashmiri linguistic diffusion. The liberality of the English language in handing over such an enormously huge amount of word treasure to the Kashmiri language, and the receptivity of the Kashmiri language in accepting this vocabulary treasure from English at a very large scale has been thrown light on in the study. In the present study, an attempt has been made to display a comprehensive list of English words used in various domains of social life of the Kashmiri speech community.

‘Honeytrapping’ Pseudomonas From Water: A Sustainable Prototype For Water Disinfection

This paper introduces a novel prototype for the removal of Pseudomonas from water samples. Bacterial cells have the tendency to get attracted towards specific chemicals (chemotaxis); a ‘honeytrap’ strip was conceptualized by integrating a combination of serine, pseudomonas specific chemo-attractant and honey to attract and inhibit the bacteria in situ. Honey, a natural antimicrobial agent, has garnered attention in its effective inhibitory role in Pseudomonal biofilms and wound infections. Dipping serine side of the strip attracted bacteria towards honeytrap, wherebythe porous nature of the strip facilitated the ‘trapping’ and subsequent diffusion of the bacterial cells towards honey-adsorbed end of the strip. This ‘honeytrap’ reportedly leads to the targeted elimination of Pseudomonas, hence facilitating its removal. The percentage efficacy of this ‘honeytrap’ device is 96% with a log reduction equivalent to 1.6 within a time frame of 2 hours. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although, not a natural contaminant of potable water, enters circulation due to improperly maintained plumbing fixtures and storage facilities. Honeytrap strip is an easy to use, biodegradable and cost effective sustainable solution, and thus a scaled up version ofthis device may enablesubstantial improvement in quality of potable water.

Improving knowledge translation for increased engagement and impact in healthcare

Ineffective knowledge dissemination contributes to clinical practice and service improvements not being realised. Meaningful knowledge translation can occur through the understanding and matching of appropriate communication mediums that are relevant for different stakeholders or audiences. To this end, we present a dissemination instrument, the ‘REAch and Diffusion of health iMprovement Evidence’ (README) checklist, for the communication of research findings, integrating both traditional and newer communication mediums. Additionally, we propose a ‘Strategic Translation and Engagement Planning’ (STEP) tool, for use when deciding which mediums to select. The STEP tool challenges the need for communicating complex and simple information against the desire for passive or active stakeholder interaction. Used collaboratively by academics and health professionals, README and STEP can promote co-production of research, subsequent diffusion of knowledge, and develop the capacity and skills of all stakeholders.

A pan-Atlantic ‘multiple modal belt’?

Multiple modality is spread across the wider Atlantic region, both within individual varieties and across variety types. Based on corpus-based evidence, it is argued that first and second tiers of multiple modals carry high diagnostic value and that regionally separated Anglophone areas differ in their preference for first- and second-tier components in modal constructions. Semantics is a diagnostic typologically as there exists a continuum, the “Multiple Modal Belt,” which consists of three main clusters that are primarily differentiated by their respective compositional preferences: North American varieties favor epistemic ‘weak probability’ elements (~might) as first-tier modals, Caribbean varieties ‘high probability’ or ‘certainty’ (~must). Multiple causation and contact-induced change are offered as explanations for supra- and sub-regional variation in the Atlantic region, and there is strong evidence that the preference for second-tier components originally represented Scottish origin and subsequent diffusion with locally differing contact scenarios. Locally distinct preferences for semantic compositionality – particularly based on preference for first-tier ‘high-probability’ modals – are used to model a geo-typological clustering of varieties throughout the wider Atlantic region.

Supranational transfer of digital innovation in agribusiness through payment market mechanisms

The task of creating a single supranational payment market is to ensure its maximum independence, which correlates with the tasks of the competitive leading economic development of countries - the transition to a digital technological structure. To increase the efficiency of the generation of payment innovations with their subsequent diffusion into the agricultural sector, to strengthen the economy’s resistance to risks, a transfer of innovative institutional, organizational and informational forms of activity is necessary. The strategy of integration of payment markets of interstate economic associations in time and space should be based on the consolidation and symbiosis of innovative technology platforms of sovereign payment systems of the participating countries. For this, a conceptual model of a supranational transfer of digital innovations to the agricultural sector through the transmission mechanisms of payment systems is proposed. The model characterizes the mega-economic system, which provides for the heterarchical and hierarchical interaction of payment systems of donor countries and recipient countries in the framework of economic associations, in which the transfer of forms of innovative development to the agricultural sector is carried out. Digital innovations are transferred to the subjects of the agricultural market horizontally and vertically. The transfer of digital innovation occurs through institutional, organizational and informational communications with the parallel creation of structures for the subsequent evolution of the model.

Получение тонких пленок графита на диэлектрической подложке с помощью гетероэпитаксиального синтеза

The results of testing the methods of preparation of thin graphite films on a dielectric substrate by the method of annealing the structure of (0001) Al2O3/(111) Ni/ta-C are present. The method is based on catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons on the surface of the monocrystalline film of the metal-catalyst on the surface of the dielectric substrate and subsequent diffusion and crystallization of carbon between the metal film and the substrate. After chemical etching of the metal film, a thin graphite film with low density of crystal structure defects on a dielectric substrate is obtained.

NTI-WEAR PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL AFTER CARBURIZING WITH SUBSEQUENT DIFFUSION CHROMIZING AND PVD TREATMENT

The paper discusses the results of research on the structure and tribological properties of hybrid layers produced on the surface of medium-carbon steel in hybrid treatment, combining gas carburizing process with the next treatment, i.e. diffusion chromizing and PVD treatment. A comparison was made of the structure and tribological properties of the layers obtained as a result of hybrid treatment with the layers produced in a single diffusion chromizing process. The studies of the layers concerned their structure, chemical composition, thickness, and hardness. Linear wear of the layers were performed by means of three-cylinder-cone method. It has been shown that the linear wear of samples with hybrid layers, produced on medium carbon steel, is less than 50% of samples with single carbide layers. This indicates very good anti-wear properties of hybrid layers.

Dissolution and Diffusion-Based Reactions within YBa2Cu3O7−x Glass Fibers

This work presents a thorough identification and analysis of the dissolution and diffusion-based reaction processes that occur during the drawing of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) glass-clad fibers, using the molten-core approach, on a fiber draw tower in vacuum and in oxygen atmospheres. The results identify the dissolution of the fused silica cladding and the subsequent diffusion of silicon and oxygen into the molten YBCO core. This leads to a phase separation due to a miscibility gap which occurs in the YBCO–SiO2 system. Due to this phase separation, silica-rich precipitations form upon quenching. XRD analyses reveal that the core of the vacuum as-drawn YBCO fiber is amorphous. Heat-treatments of the vacuum as-drawn fibers in the 800–1200 °C range show that cuprite crystallizes out of the amorphous matrix by 800 °C, followed by cristobalite by 900 °C. Heat-treatments at 1100 °C and 1200 °C lead to the formation of barium copper and yttrium barium silicates. These results provide a fundamental understanding of phase relations in the YBCO–SiO2 glass-clad system as well as indispensable insights covering general glass-clad fibers drawn using the molten-core approach.

3D Printed Microheater Sensor-Integrated, Drug-Encapsulated Microneedle Patch System for Pain Management

Microneedle patch device has been widely utilized for transdermal drug delivery in pain management, but is challenged by accurate control of drug release and subsequent diffusion to human body. The recent emerging wearable electronics that could be integrated with microneedle devices offers a facile approach to address such a challenge. Here a 3D printed microheater integrated drug-encapsulated microneedle patch system for drug delivery is presented. The ink solution comprised of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with mass concentration of up to 45% is prepared and used to print crack-free stretchable microheaters on substrates with a broad range of materials and geometric curves. The adhesion strength of printed microheater on microneedle patch in elevated temperatures are measured to evaluate their integration performance. Assessments of encapsulated drug release into rat’s skin are confirmed by examining degradation of microneedles, skin morphologies, and released fluorescent signals. Results and demonstrations established here creates a new opportunity for developing sensor controlled smart microneedle patch systems by integrating with wearable electronics, potentially useful in clinic and biomedical research.