scholarly journals Assessment of health risks related to groundwater consumption in Al-Hoceima region

2021 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Fatiha Mchiouer ◽  
Hossain El Ouarghi ◽  
Said Benyoussef ◽  
Mustapha Abourrich
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Al Hoceima

Water is a precious natural resource for life, and more vulnerable to different contaminations; it has become less and less drinkable because it is polluted and can carry pathogenic germs that cause water diseases. The population of the Al-Hoceima region is supplied with drinking water from the network of the National Drinking Water Board, which is not widespread in rural areas where there is the frequent use of communal water points (spring or well). Health concerns remain related to the consumption of untreated well water, in the absence of a department responsible for the management of well water (development, equipment, treatment, protection, and quality control). To preserve the health of the population from any source of contamination carried by water, the Ministry of Health, carries out, through the provincial hygiene services, the control and monitoring of the physical-chemical and bacteriological quality of water in the framework of the fight against water diseases. The objective of this work was to determine the state of groundwater quality in the Al-Hoceima region, based on the study of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters. A control of 41 collective water points was carried out, including 30 wells and 11 springs. The collected samples were analyzed to measure some physical parameters: electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, possibly looking for indicator germs of fecal contamination, namely coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and intestinal enterococci. The results revealed fecal contamination of all collective water points by coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli. Appropriate measures must be taken for the disinfection of these waters before their use.

scholarly journals The rationale for introducing the indices «Generalized coliform bacteria» and «Escherichia coli» into the scheme of sanitary and microbiological control of water quality as indices of fecal contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359
Author(s):  
Angelika V. Zagainova ◽  
Galina M. Trukhina ◽  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Tamara Z. Artemova ◽  
Marina A. Sukhina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Introduction. The increasing bacterial contamination of water bodies requires an increase in water quality control’s reliability to ensure epidemic safety against waterborne infections. Therefore, researchers in both Russia and Europe came to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for indicator microorganisms that can more accurately suggest the presence of pathogens. microorganisms in water than traditional indicators. The aim of the study was to justify the introduction of indicator indices of fecal contamination “generalized coliform bacteria” and Escherichia coli to assess the safety of drinking water Material and methods. The article provides an analysis of domestic and international regulatory documents and literary materials regulating the quality of drinking water in terms of sanitary and microbiological indicators and assessment criteria. The results of many years of experimental and field research carried out by research organizations and practical organizations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare are presented. Results. On the territory of Russia, “general coliform bacteria,” is one of the indicator indices chosen according to the fermentation of lactose, determine the safety of drinking water. The water does not take into account pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella) and a number of lactose-negative opportunistic bacteria, causative agents of intestinal infections. The study of microorganisms isolated from the feces of patients confirms the frequency of occurrence of lactose-negative microorganisms to varying from 20 to 100% of strains. With an annual trend towards a decrease in the percentage of non-standard drinking water samples in terms of microbiological indices, general intestinal infections (GII) of unknown etiology increase, i.e. risk of GII. If the quality of drinking water does not correspond to thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), 95% of samples contain E. coli. Therefore, the determination of E. coli more reliably indicates the intake of fresh fecal contamination and provides efficiency in taking measures to eliminate an unfavorable situation than TCB. Conclusion. Reasons are given for the introduction of more reliable microbiological indicators of water safety control, such as - “generalized coliform bacteria” with the preservation of the abbreviation GCB, combining both lactose-positive and lactose-negative bacteria, determined by the sign of glucose fermentation, negative oxidase test and negative stain according to Gram and E. coli as an indicator of recent faecal contamination, which will allow the assessment of water quality for a wide range of bacteria of the order Enterobacterials, corresponding to the modern taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae NCBI, will ensure harmonization with international requirements and the safety of drinking water for the population.

scholarly journals Assessment of microbial contamination of drinking water with total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the Bitola region

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Marta Nedelkova ◽  
Angela Delova ◽  
Tanja Petreska Ivanovska ◽  
Zoran Zhivikj ◽  
Lidija Petrushevska-Tozi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria

The aim of this paper is to analyze the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total coliform bacteria (CB) in the drinking water of urban and rural areas of the Bitola region, as indicators for water quality and safety. All water in urban area is chlorinated, while at the same time the water in rural areas is non-chlorinated. The samples were analyzed according to the international standard method of membrane filtration MKC EN ISO 9308-1:2015. In all examined samples of drinking water in urban area, presence of E. coli and CB was not detected as a result of the disinfection of the water. On contrary, in all tested samples of the water from the rural water supply, presence of E. coli and CB was confirmed. Significant increase in coliform bacterial counts probably weather-related was found in the period from April to September. In addition, in the third quarter including July, August, and September, in many measurements, E. coli as an indicator of faecal contamination was identified in drinking water. In accordance with these findings and in order to provide safe drinking water, it is necessary to modernize the water supply for the population in rural areas, to disinfect permanently the drinking water and to apply regular laboratory controls which are a basic pre-condition. Otherwise, inappropriate management of the water systems can cause serious decrease in the quality and safety of the drinking water associated with an increased risk of appearance of the infectious diseases in people and hydric epidemic. Key words: drinking water, Escherichia coli, coliform bacteria, membrane filtration

scholarly journals DETEKSI Escherichia coli DAN Angka Paling Mungkin PADA AIR SUMUR DEKAT JAMBAN DIDAERAH WONOAYU, SIDOARJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Putri Anggraeni ◽  
Evy Ratnasari Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Water Well

Water sources are grouped into several groups which are: sea water, surface water, and groundwater. According to the science of health, each person requires drinking water as much as 2.5 to 3 liters per day including the water in food. This research is descriptive research to find out the quality of the water wells in the area Wonoayu Sidoarjo. To find out if there are any impurities bacteria Escherichiacoliin well water. To find out the numbers of the bacteria Escherichia coliand APM on a water well. The results of the sudy of APM well water near the toilet in Wonoayu, Sidoarjo water quality is not recommended bacteriologically in this area. Whereas maximum levels of Escherichiacolipermitted for drinking water according to is 0 or is free from pathogenic microorganisms that originated in feces, while 50% of water samples in the area of  Wonoayu contains coliform. Coliform bacteria in great numbers along with the feces will pollute the environment with 5 positive samples results contain Escherichia coliand 5 negative samples of Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Description of Escherichia Coli In Well Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febry Risdhityatama Fahrurriza ◽  
Surati Surati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Most of the wells are still used as a source of drinking water. This well is widely used in the village of Rejosari Grobogan. Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 492 of 2010 concerning the Requirements for Quality of Drinking Water is 0 per 100 ml of sample. The existence of Escherichia coli in water sources affects water quality which has an impact on consumer health, so it is necessary to know whether the quality of water sources from dug wells meets drinking water standards. To find out whether Escherichia coli bacteria were present in the well water of Rejosari Grobogan Village. The research conducted included a type of quantitative research with a descriptive design. The sample used was 11 samples. The results of the examination showed that there was an Escherichia coli bacterium in the well water of Rejosari Grobogan Village with an average number of bacteria 1.8 per 100 ml of sample. Research on samples was carried out using the Most methodProbable Number (MPN). Rejosari Grobogan village water wells were found to contain Escherichia coli bacteria and not meet water quality standards in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the physicochemical quality of water of wells and drilling consumed in the commune of Sinthiou Maléme in the area of Tambacounda (Senegal)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3400-3412
Author(s):  
Maoudo Hane ◽  
Ibrahima Diagne ◽  
Momar Ndiaye ◽  
Birame Ndiaye ◽  
Cheikh Tidiane Dione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Conductivité Électrique

In Senegal, the majority of the regions are not served by the drinking water supply networks. The phenomenon is more pronounced in rural areas, particularly in Sinthiou Maléme commune. For example, communities living in these areas often use well water and borehole. This work has been undertaken to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water resources consumed by these populations. A total of 24 water samples were taken from the single borehole and 02 publics wells, let be 8 samples per source of water. To assess the quality of these different sources, the physical parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids and hardness) and chemical parameters (F-, SO42-, PO43-, Fe and NO2-) were analyzed by the photometric method. The results obtained show that, from the physical point of view, drilling water is highly mineralized, slightly hard and has a basic tendency, unlike wells. Chemical analysis shows that well waters are heavily loaded with phosphate ions and nitrites. Based on the parameters analyzed, the quality of the drilling water is chemically acceptable. Studies on the elements of metallic traces will be envisaged to better assess the quality of this drinking water. Au Sénégal, la majeure partie des régions n’est pas desservie par les réseaux d'adduction d’eau potable. Le phénomène est plus accentué en milieu rural notamment dans la commune de Sinthiou Maléme. Ainsi, les communautés qui vivent dans ces zones ont souvent recours à l'eau des puits et des forages. Ce présent travail a été entrepris en vue d’évaluer la qualité physico-chimique des ressources en eaux consommées par ces populations. Au total 24 échantillons d’eaux ont été prélevés de l’unique forage et de 02 puits publics, soit 8 prélèvements par sources d’eaux. Pour apprécier la qualité de ces différentes sources, les paramètres physiques (conductivité électrique, pH, totale des solides dissous et dureté) et chimiques (F-, SO42-, PO43-, Fe and NO2-) ont été analysés par la méthode photométrique. Les résultats obtenus montrent que, du point de vue physique, les eaux de forage sont fortement minéralisées, légèrement dures et présentent une tendance basique contrairement à celles des puits. L’analyse chimique montre que les eaux de puits sont fortement chargées en ions phosphates et nitrites. Sur la base des paramètres analysés, la qualité des eaux de forage est chimiquement acceptable. Des études sur les éléments des traces métalliques seront envisagées pour mieux apprécier la qualité de ces eaux de consommation.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drin Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drink from Different Food Premises in Kota Samarahan Sarawak

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. a13-19
Author(s):  
ELEXSON NILLIAN ◽  
AMIZA NUR ◽  
DIYANA NUR ◽  
AMIRAH ZAKIRAH ◽  
GRACE BEBEY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Contamination of drinks with E. coli O157:H7 served in food premises such as restaurants can cause haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome to humans. The presence or absence of faecal pathogen was demonstrated using coliform group as indicator microorganisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water from food restaurant premise in Kota Samarahan and Kuching to ensure safe and potable drinking water is served to the consumer. A total of thirty (n=30) drink samples including six types of each of the samples are cold plain water, iced tea, iced milo, syrup and iced milk tea. Most Probable Number (MPN) procedure was used in this study to enumerate the MPN values of coliform bacteria in each drink collected. A total of 53.33% (16/30) of the drink samples showed positive E. coli detection. Then, the PCR assay showed 6.25% (one out of 16 isolates) samples were positive and carried stx1 gene produced by E. coli O157:H7 in iced milo sample types. This study showed the drinks collected from food premises was contaminated with faecal contamination, which was not safe to drink by the consumer. Therefore, preventive actions should be taken to prevent foodborne illness outbreak in future

scholarly journals Is fecal contamination of drinking water after collection associated with household water handling and hygiene practices? A study of urban slum households in Hyderabad, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasheel Eshcol ◽  
Prasanta Mahapatra ◽  
Sarita Keshapagu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Storage Containers

Water-borne illness, primarily caused by fecal contamination of drinking water, is a major health burden in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Currently drinking water is treated at the reservoir level and supplied on alternate days, necessitating storage in households for up to 48 hrs. We hypothesized that fecal contamination occurs principally during storage due to poor water handling. In this study we tested for coliform bacteria in water samples collected at distribution points as household storage containers were filled, and then tested containers in the same households 24–36 hours after collection. We also conducted an observational survey to make an assessment of water handling and hygiene. Ninety-two percent (47/51) of samples tested at supply points were adequately chlorinated and bacterial contamination was found in two samples with no residual chlorine. Samples collected from household storage containers showed an increase in contamination in 18/50 houses (36%). Households with contaminated stored samples did not show significant differences in demographics, water handling, hygiene practices, or sanitation. Nevertheless, the dramatic increase in contamination after collection indicates that until an uninterrupted water supply is possible, the point at which the biggest health impact can be made is at the household level.

scholarly journals Validation of Alternative Methods for the Analysis of Drinking Water and Their Application to Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3360-3367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Boubetra ◽  
François Le Nestour ◽  
Corrie Allaert ◽  
Max Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accuracy Profile ◽  
Alternative Method

ABSTRACTIn Europe, the Drinking Water Directive of the European Commission indicates which methods (most of which are CEN/ISO-standardized methods) should be used for the analysis of microbiological parameters (European Commission, Environment, Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998). According to the Directive, alternative methods “may be used, providing it can be demonstrated that the results obtained are at least as reliable as those produced by the methods specified.” The prerequisite for the routine use of any alternative method is to provide evidence that this method performs equivalently to the corresponding reference method. In this respect, the ISO 16140 standard (ISO,ISO 16140. Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs—Protocol for the Validation of Alternative Methods, 2003) represents a key issue in generating such a procedure based on an interlaboratory study. A new statistical tool, called the accuracy profile, has been developed to better interpret the data. The study presented here is based upon the enumeration ofEscherichia colibacteria in water. The reference method may require up to 72 h to provide a confirmed result. The aim of this publication is to present data for an alternative method by which results can be obtained in 18 h (Colilert-18/Quanti-Tray) based upon defined substrate technology (DST). The accuracy profile is a statistical and graphical decision-making tool and consists of simultaneously combining, in a single graphic, β expectation tolerance intervals (β-ETIs) and acceptability limits (λ). The study presents the validation criteria calculated at the three levels of contamination used in the trial for a β equal to 80% and a λ equal to ±0.3 and combines the accuracy profiles ofEscherichia colifor a λ of ±0.3 log10unit/100 ml, a λ of ±0.4 log10unit/100 ml, and a β of 80% or 90%. Several interesting conclusions can be drawn from these data. The accuracy profile method has been applied to the validation of the Colilert-18/Quanti-Tray method against reference method ISO 9308-1 (ISO,ISO 9308-1. Water Quality—Detection and Enumeration of Escherichia coli and Coliform Bacteria. Part 1. Membrane Filtration Method, 2000), using a β of 80% and a λ of 0.4; the alternative method can be validated between 1.00 and 2.05 log10units/100 ml, equivalent to 10 to 112 CFU/100 ml.

Bacteria removal effectiveness of ceramic pot filters not applied with colloidal silver

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Clark ◽  
A. C. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Bacteria Removal

In many developing countries such as Guatemala, access to safe drinking water is very limited. Many sources of water that are available are contaminated with bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria. In order to provide a means of obtaining safe drinking water in developing countries, various methods of treating water at the household level have been developed and implemented throughout the world. One of the more promising treatment mechanisms is the ceramic pot filter, which is typically applied with colloidal silver because of it supposed disinfection purposes. During this study, the bacteria removal effectiveness of 30 filters without colloidal silver was determined by adding water contaminated with Escherichia coli to the filters, and then measuring bacteria concentrations in the filter effluent. The average log reduction values of E. coli and total coliforms determined in this study are 2.1 and 2.3, respectively, and are comparable to other studies of bacteria removal of CPFs. This situation suggests that colloidal silver may indeed not be necessary for the filters to effectively remove bacteria from source water. This study was completed in a period of two weeks, however, while the effect of silver may provide disinfection for several months of use.

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