scholarly journals Calculation of filtration process in channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Aybek Arifjanov ◽  
Luqmon Samiev ◽  
Ifoda Ahmedkhodjaeva ◽  
Qudratjon Rakhimov ◽  
Shokhrux Sobirov
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Depression Curve ◽  
Project Data

This article provides an analysis and recommendations of the factors that lead to the loss of water as a result of filtration in uncoated canals, rising groundwater levels, deterioration of land reclamation, reduction of canal efficiency coefficient. According to the project data, the part of the Greater Fergana canal from PK-930 to PK-1500 + 10 was built in the type of semi-excavated and natural canal. From PK-930 to PK-1040, the ground level is almost equal to the bottom water level, and the volume of soil discharged in this part of the canal is greater than in other parts. The canal is in the form of a trapezoid and has now changed its shape slightly as a result of a small amount of sedimentation and erosion. In uncoated canals and irrigation systems, there are a number of connections to perform the basic filtration calculation. These bonds are obtained according to Darcy’s law, filtration for homogeneous and isotropic soils. Using the available data, it is possible to determine the depression curve in canals and irrigation systems for all cases, the points that form its curvature, and the filtration rate that occurs in it. It consists of determining the filtration rate (q) of the system at a length of 1 pogm and the filtration coefficient (k) of the soil.

scholarly journals Searching for the effects of the May-June 2012 Emilia seismic sequence (northern Italy): medium-depth deformation structures at the periphery of the epicentral area

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Borgatti ◽  
Antonio Edoardo Bracci ◽  
Stefano Cremonini ◽  
Giovanni Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Surface Phenomena ◽  
Po River ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region

<p>In 2012, a seismic sequence occurred in the lowlands of the Emilia-Romagna Region (northern Italy), between the borders of the Modena, Ferrara and Bologna Provinces. It consisted of seven mainshocks (5.9 &gt; Ml &gt; 5) that were recorded between May 20 and 29, 2012 [INGV 2012a] and 2,200 minor earthquakes [INGV 2012b]. An interferometric analysis [Bignami et al. 2012, Salvi et al. 2012, this volume] highlighted three main deformation areas, each of which was 12 km wide (from S to N) and 10 km to 20 km long in an ESE-WNW to E-W direction, thus affecting an area of about 600 km2 (Figure 1). Field and aerial geological surveys recorded numerous surficial effects, such as: (i) sediment liquefaction [Crespellani et al. 2012]; (ii) localized ground fissures resembling surficial faulting [Fioravante and Giretti 2012] (Figure 2); (iii) groundwater levels rising up to 400 cm above the local ground level in phreatic wells during the mainshocks (lower values were observed in confined aquifers); and (iv) dormancy of previously known sinkholes [Borgatti et al. 2010, Cremonini 2010a, and references therein]. Some of the observed surface phenomena were previously recorded as coseismic effects during the earthquakes of Ferrara (1570) and Argenta (1624) [Boschi et al. 1995, Galli 2000], together with the early rising of the water level of the Po River in the Stellata section. […]</p>

scholarly journals Contribution to the hydrogeology of Six Hills sandstone aquifer in East El-Oweinat area, south Western desert, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Younes Ghoubachi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Sandstone Aquifer ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
The Impact

El-Oweinat area is located in southwestern Egypt and is considered to be one of the new land reclamation projects in the Western Desert. The Nubian Sandstone aquifer has high potentiality and good groundwater quality. The results of geologic and hydrogeologic studies reveal that the Six Hills sandstone aquifer represents the sole groundwater resource used for all purposes (agriculture, drinking, domestic, livestock and poultry) in East El-Oweinat area. The Six Hills sandstone aquifer overlies directly the Precambrian basement rocks. The concerned aquifer exists under unconfined conditions as it is exposed on the surface. The hydrogeological cross sections show that the fully saturated thickness of the Six Hills sandstone aquifer ranges between 150.2 m and 651 m and increases towards the west. The groundwater generally flows towards the northeast direction with an average hydraulic gradient of 0.6 ‰. The calculated groundwater volume of the Six Hills sandstone aquifer in East El-Oweinat area (4,340 km2) reaches 350 bcm of fresh water. The comparison of the depth to water in the same monitoring wells during 14 years (2003 and 2016) reveals that the head decline rate in groundwater depths were ranging between 5 cm/year and 80 cm/year. The pumping rate increased from 600,000 m3/day in year 2003 to 3,600,000 m3/day in 2016. The average transmissivity attains 2,060 m2/day reflecting the high potential of the Six Hills sandstone aquifer in East El-Oweinat area. The groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) has been used to investigate the impact of groundwater withdrawal on groundwater levels for sustainable groundwater management. Four scenarios were applied to predict the probable head changes in the Six Hills sandstone aquifer and their impact on the availability of groundwater. The fourth scenario is recommended in order to sustain the groundwater resources in the study area and keep the drawdown rates in the range of 0.66 m/year through reducing the present discharging rates (10,000 m3/day/well) by about 40%.

scholarly journals Keeping the Sea Out: Early Medieval Structures at ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Meadows ◽  
Nicoletta Martinelli ◽  
Olivia Pignatelli ◽  
Rossella Cester ◽  
Luigi Fozzati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
The City

In 2004, the courtyard of Ca' Foscari University, Venice, was excavated in advance of building work, revealing an unbroken sequence of archaeological deposits. The earliest layers consisted of redeposited natural sediment, packed into wattle structures, a system of land reclamation first described by Cassiodorus in AD 537–8, and now known from several other sites in the city. The ground level was built up and extended several times with successive wattle structures, before the eventual construction of a stone waterfront. We have used Bayesian modeling of dendrochronological, radiocarbon, and stratigraphic dating evidence to obtain a precise chronology for the earliest phases of occupation, and to compare it to the chronology of land reclamation at similar sites elsewhere in Venice.

scholarly journals Digital paradigm of innovative development of the agromeliorative sphere in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032065
Author(s):  
A Cheshev ◽  
L Alexandrovskaya ◽  
V Melenkin ◽  
K Chesheva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Precision Irrigation

Abstract The article substantiates the need to implement the innovative direction of the domestic agro-reclamation complex development, which is particularly relevant in the conditions of active digitalization of agricultural production. The directions of innovative development of agro-reclamation activities based on the use of digital technologies, in particular, related to the formation of precision irrigation systems, are studied. The article substantiates the prospects of using innovative tools of land reclamation activities aimed at ensuring the interaction of an expanded range of stakeholders.

scholarly journals Development of resource-saving technologies for rice cultivation on rice irrigation systems in the Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Igor Prikhodko ◽  
Stanislav Vladimirov ◽  
Daniil Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Rice Irrigation

According to the studies carried out by the US Geological Survey (USGS) under the project GFSAD30, Russia ranks fourth in the world in the number of fertile lands. However, today there are some problems that “slow down” the development of the Russia’s agricultural sector, including the rice-planting complex. One of the main problems of the Russian agro-industrial complex is unsustainable environmental management, which leads to inefficiency and sometimes loss of agricultural production. This is caused by the “rigidity” of the legal framework, the reluctance or inability of the economy to switch to new resourcesaving technologies, as well as the fear of partially or completely losing the crop when switching to new technologies. For the “soft” transition of the economy to new resource-saving technologies, we propose a resource-saving technology for cultivating rice on underground drip irrigation under mulch film on rice irrigation systems, the introduction of which proved its effectiveness, as well as the relevance of our study. The efficiency of proposed resource-saving technology of rice cultivation on drip irrigation is expressed in the increase of profitability of rice production by 26%, reduction of irrigation norm by more than 5 times, labor intensity of rice production by 42% and material costs by 24%. The proposed technology not only reduced the anthropogenic load, but also improved the land reclamation condition, including the situation in the rice irrigation ecosystem. Further development of drip technologies in the rice sector of Russia will allow developing fundamentally new, ecological-reclamative, balanced rice crop rotation with the inclusion of vegetable and cucurbits crops. The proposed technology will provide an opportunity to cultivate rice outside rice irrigation systems on previously rich lands, which will give agro-industrial workers new opportunities and prospects in rice production.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR DATA COLLECTION ON IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY FOR THE FORMATION OF INTERACTIVE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IRRIGATION MAPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Voyevodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Interactive Maps ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute

Purpose: to substantiate the list of necessary water quality indicators for irrigation systems, to develop a form for data collection on water quality indicators and their use in the development of interactive maps based on geographic information technologies (GIS). Materials and Methods: regulatory documents, data from reports of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems”, open sources on the Internet, scientific and technical literature were used for the research. The research methods were data collection, processing, analysis and synthesis. Results: analysis of open information sources made it possible to substantiate the list of water quality indicators; for data collection from federal state budgetary institutions (land reclamation and agricultural water supply departments), a form and recommendations for filling it out were developed, indicating the documents used to fill it out; the estimated volume of financial costs for conducting water analyzes was calculated according to the recommended list of indicators, which is 55125600 rubles for 669 federal-owned irrigation systems; it is proposed to use the collected data for the development of interactive GIS maps. Conclusions. The developed interactive maps displaying various indicators of water quality in irrigation systems can be effectively applied in the management process, as well as they can improve the efficiency and performance of justified decision-making. In the course of further prospective development of GIS, the integration of interactive maps of reclamation systems with other automated systems, such as SCADA, may be envisaged.

scholarly journals Anthracite as filter Media in Filtration Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aashish Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Run Time

This research was carried out to see the performance of anthracite as filter media in filtration process. The study also aimed to compare two filter media in terms of turbidity it removed, head loss development with time and filter run with increase in influent turbidity. Two rapid gravity filter(RGF) columns were prepared having internal dimensions of 11x11x290 cm3, one with anthracite and another with sand as filter media. The uniformity coefficient of sand and anthracite of 1.54 and 1.4 were maintained from sieve analysis. Constant Filtration rate of 3m/h was set and other ancillary activities were made same for both filter models. The experiments were repeated seven times with different influent turbidity ranges of 0-25, 25-50, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300 NTU. Both the Filters were back washed with back washing velocity of 24 m/h, when the terminal head loss of 165.4 cm was obtained. The effluent quality of anthracite obtained was better for all the filter run. The head loss development with time was more for sand filter in all filter runs. The filter run time for sand vary from 150 to 8 hours and for anthracite, it varies from 172 to13 hours from first to seventh filter run.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Groundwater-Induced Subsidence for London and Delhi Using PSInSAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4741
Author(s):  
Vivek Agarwal ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
David Gee ◽  
Stephen Grebby ◽  
Rachel L. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Groundwater variation can cause land-surface movement, which in turn can cause significant and recurrent harm to infrastructure and the water storage capacity of aquifers. The capital cities in the England (London) and India (Delhi) are witnessing an ever-increasing population that has resulted in excess pressure on groundwater resources. Thus, monitoring groundwater-induced land movement in both these cities is very important in terms of understanding the risk posed to assets. Here, Sentinel-1 C-band radar images and the persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PSInSAR) methodology are used to study land movement for London and National Capital Territory (NCT)-Delhi from October 2016 to December 2020. The land movement velocities were found to vary between −24 and +24 mm/year for London and between −18 and +30 mm/year for NCT-Delhi. This land movement was compared with observed groundwater levels, and spatio-temporal variation of groundwater and land movement was studied in conjunction. It was broadly observed that the extraction of a large quantity of groundwater leads to land subsidence, whereas groundwater recharge leads to uplift. A mathematical model was used to quantify land subsidence/uplift which occurred due to groundwater depletion/rebound. This is the first study that compares C-band PSInSAR-derived land subsidence response to observed groundwater change for London and NCT-Delhi during this time-period. The results of this study could be helpful to examine the potential implications of ground-level movement on the resource management, safety, and economics of both these cities.

Spatial distribution of groundwater-surface water connectivity in the Kosimegafan, north India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Beg ◽  
Suneel Kumar Joshi ◽  
Kumar Gaurav ◽  
Sudhir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
North India ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Recharge Rate ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Central Lobe

&lt;p&gt;We conducted a systematically integrated surface water and groundwater interaction study in the Kosimegafan in north India using the stable isotopes (&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H) of water and depth to water level data. In a field campaign in December 2019, we have collected a water sample from 65 different locations for isotopic analysis. This includes 21 samples from the groundwater and 44 from different surface water bodies (Kosi River-02, streams-09, waterlogged patches-29, and canal-04).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O and D-excess values of groundwater and waterlogged samples show marked spatial variation across the study area. Using a two-component mixing model, we estimate the fraction contribution of streams and rainwater in the groundwater and waterlogged patches. This shows a marked spatial and depth-related variability in stream water contribution to the groundwater recharge and varies from about 83% (maximum) at 6 m below ground level (bgl) to 45% (minimum) at 9 m bgl. We also analysed the spatial and temporal variation in groundwater levels from 1996 to 2017. During this period, the water level shows a significant variation from 1.1 to 7.8 m bgl. Further, using the water table fluctuation approach, we estimate the recharge rate. We found a higher recharge rate (22 mm/year) in the central part of the western lobe and northern part of the central lobe, and minimum (1 mm/year)in both the northern part of the western and southern part of the central lobe of the Kosi fan. This study provides new insight into the recharge processes in the study area.&lt;/p&gt;

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