scholarly journals Study of the limits of resistance of endophytic fungi Fusarium equiseti and Cylindrocarpon magnusianum to the action of copper and chromium (VI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Islamova ◽  
Irina Bukharina ◽  
Anastasiya Isupova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Chromium Vi

Endophytic fungi are promising subjects for study as agents for increasing plant resistance. They have a wide distribution area, diverse morphology and are able to adapt to stressful environmental conditions. We have carried out studies on the effect of different concentrations of copper and chromium on the growth of endophytic fungi Fusarium equiseti and Cylindrocarpon magnusianum. The results showed that these micromycetes are able to adapt to a high content of heavy metals in the environment and, therefore, can be used in the development of technologies for increasing plant resistance.

scholarly journals Spatial Connections between Microplastics and Heavy Metal Pollution within Floodplain Soils

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Collin J. Weber ◽  
Jens Hahn ◽  
Christian Opp
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Deposition Conditions

Soils contain an increasing number of different pollutants, which are often released into the environment by human activity. Among the “new” potential pollutants are plastics and microplastics. “Recognized” pollutants such as heavy metals, of geogenic and anthropogenic origin, now meet purely anthropogenic contaminants such as plastic particles. Those can meet especially in floodplain landscapes and floodplain soils, because of their function as a temporary sink for sediments, nutrients, and pollutants. Based on a geospatial sampling approach, we analyzed the soil properties and heavy metal contents (ICP-MS) in soil material and macroplastic particles, and calculated total plastic concentrations (Ptot) from preliminary studies. Those data were used to investigate spatial connections between both groups of pollutants. Our results from the example of the Lahn river catchment show a low-to-moderate contamination of the floodplain soils with heavy metals and a wide distribution of plastic contents up to a depth of two meters. Furthermore, we were able to document heavy metal contents in macroplastic particles. Spatial and statistical correlations between both pollutants were found. Those correlations are mainly expressed by a comparable variability in concentrations across the catchment and in a common accumulation in topsoil and upper soil or sediment layers (0–50 cm). The results indicate comparable deposition conditions of both pollutants in the floodplain system.

scholarly journals The Impact of Changing Environmental Conditions on the Retention of Heavy Metals Adsorbed by Pine Bark

2017 ◽  
pp. 278-284
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Khokhotva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
The Impact

Landfills are widely used for the disposal of households' and industrial waste. Liquid landfill effluents contain heavy metals, are toxic to humans and ecosystems and have to be efficiently treated. One treatment option that is becoming popular is the reactive filter technology. The total efficiency of metal removal by a filter media greatly depends not only on adsorption itself, but also on the metal leaching from the adsorbent. The last parameter, in turn, may be dependant on changing environmental conditions since filters are usually located on open air and flow of contaminated water (landfill leachate, runoff water) has the intermittent nature. A filter material may dry, become frozen or stay wet, depending on a season. Previously adsorbed metals can leach from an adsorbent at the next flash of water, coming to water treatment facilities. Among others, pine bark has shown a high capacity to adsorb heavy metals from landfill leachates. In this study, pine bark has been pre-treated with urea-solution in order to increase its stability and adsorption properties. Within leaching experiments using either non-treated or pre-treated bark samples no significant influence of the changing environmental conditions on the extent of metal leaching was observed, though in most cases, metal leaching from wet bark samples exposed to freezing was somewhat higher. Zn leaching was the highest and Cu leaching the lowest for both NTB and UTB samples. The metal leaching from non-treated bark was several-fold higher compared to urea-treated bark. Possible mechanisms of barkurea interactions and reasons for enhanced metals adsorption by urea-modified bark are discussed.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL CRITERIA FOR PHYTOMONITORING OF TECHNOGENIC LOAD IN DONBASS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
A.I. Safonov ◽  
◽  
A.Z. Glukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Indicator Plants

From the data on the structural heterogeneity of indicator plants (Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Plantago major L., Reseda lutea L., Echium vulgare L., and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) under unfavorable environmental conditions of Donbass selected their most informative characteristics for a general assessment of the level of anthropogenic load on local ecotopes. Empirical criteria were calculated as a result of correlation analysis between data sets on the content of heavy metals in soil samples and the values of phytoindication indices.

scholarly journals Genodiversity of dominant Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii isolated from 11 types of soil in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Josic ◽  
Bogic Milicic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Mirjana Jarak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Rapd Fingerprinting ◽  
Natural Isolates

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is microsymbiont Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens, which are very important legumes in Serbia. The natural nodulating population of those bacteria was collected and estimated biodiversity distribution by monitoring dominant genotypes of these bacteria. The population of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii were collected from 50 marked locations of 11 types of soil in Serbia. 437 natural isolates, rescued from nodules of Trifolium repens or Trifolium pratense, were analyzed by phenotypic approach. We obtained 156 different isolates on the basis of differences in their IAR - intrinsic antibiotic resistance (five antibiotics) and HMT- heavy methal tolerance (five heavy metals). We investigated 56 dominant isolates with more than three differences in IAR-HMT patterns by REP-PCR and RAPD fingerprinting (AP10 and SPH 1 primers). The results showed genodiversity of dominant Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii field isolates and offered the possibility to assess their changes on marked locations during time and under different environmental conditions and geographical distribution.

scholarly journals An Environmental Friendly Perspective of Microbial Degradation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Degradation Of Pollutants ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

In the recent years attempt to find cost-effective and ecological ways to deal with noxious waste led mankind to focus on the use of microbes for the degradation of pollutants. These environmental friendly remediation methods employs the microbial naturally occurring catabolic capabilities to alter, vitiate or accrue a large number of pollutants including poly aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, radio nuclides ,heavy metals etc. High-through put analyses of environmentally relevant microbes provides an insight of their major degradative pathways as well as their competence to acclimate to altering environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The role of environment, local adaptation and past climate fluctuation on the amount and distribution of genetic diversity in the teosinte in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Gasca-Pineda ◽  
Yocelyn T. Gutiérrez-Guerrero ◽  
Erika Aguirre-Planter ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Assignment Analysis ◽  
Climate Fluctuation

AbstractWild maize, commonly known as teosinte, has a wide distribution in central Mexico and inhabits a wide range of environmental conditions. According to previous studies, the environment is a determinant factor for the amount and distribution of genetic diversity. In this study, we used a set of neutral markers to explore the influence of contemporary factors and historical environmental shifts on genetic diversity, including present and three historical periods. Using a set of 22 nuclear microsatellite loci, we genotyped 527 individuals from 29 localities. We found highly variable levels of genetic diversity (Z. m. parviglumis HE= 0.3646–0.7699; Z. m. mexicana HE= 0.5885–0.7671) and significant genetic structure among localities (average DEST= 0.4332). Also, we recovered significant values of heterozygote deficiency (average FIS= 0.1796) and variable levels of selfing (sg2=0.0–0.3090). The Bayesian assignment analysis yielded four genetic clusters dividing the sample into subspecies, that in turn, were separated into two clusters. Environmental conditions played a strong influence in the distribution of genetic diversity, as demographic analysis and changes in species range revealed by modeling analyses were consistent. We conclude that current genetic diversity in teosinte is the result of a mixture of local adaptation and genetic isolation along with historical environmental fluctuations.

scholarly journals The Novel Use of Saraca thaipingensis Leaf Powder as Potential Biosorbent Material for the Removal of Chromium(VI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Sannasi Palsan ◽  
Chai Swee Fern ◽  
Stephanie Bernardine ◽  
Lim Fan Shiang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Leaf Powder

Saraca thaipingensis or ‘Gapis’ tree, classified under the Fabaceae family is a native of Taiping; copious over Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia. The withered and fallen dead leaves were collected from INTI International University’s garden walkway. To date, literature has yet to capture the use of S. thaipingensis tree parts or refuse as potential biosorbent material for the removal of heavy metals thus verifying the novelty of this study. Batch experiments were carried out with the leaf powder to study the effects of dosage, particle size and contact time towards Cr(VI) removal (%) at 1-100 mg/L. Results showed that Cr(VI) removal increased from 52.22% to 99.31% (p < 0.05) with increase in biosorbent dosage (0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025 and 0.050 g). The different particle size ranges tested were: 107-125, 126-150, 151-250, 251-500, and 501- 1000 ?m. Highest Cr(VI) removal of 99.53% was obtained with the 151-250 ?m particle size; further size decrease did not yield more removal (p > 0.05). The optimal Cr(VI) removal was recorded after 45 min (99.62%) and 90 min (99.76%) contact time (p > 0.05). Further characterization and optimization studies are being carried out to develop a novel, sustainable, low cost yet effective leaf powder based biosorbent material.

Evaluation of Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) germplasm for Karnal bunt resistance in a screen house with simulated environmental conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Chhuneja ◽  
Satinder Kaur ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
H. S. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
Tilletia Indica ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Screen House

Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat, caused byTilletia indica(Mitra) Mundkur, adversely affects international wheat trading and the movement of germplasm between countries due to quarantine restrictions. Breeding for host plant resistance requires the identification of KB resistance sources. Accessions of the D genome progenitor of bread wheat,Aegilops tauschii, were screened in a specially designed screen-house, where the optimum environmental conditions conducive for KB development were simulated by controlling temperature, humidity, fogging and shading. The 183 accessions were subjected to artificial inoculation with a mixture of nine KB isolates, and seven proved highly resistant and four moderately resistant over three rounds of screening over 3 years.

Characterization and Evaluation of Soil Erosion in Shenzhen: Using Environmental Radionuclides

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Li ◽  
Ding Qiang Li ◽  
Mu Ning Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Soil And Water

Nuclear tracer technology is quantitative and it has a high priority, which provides a unique method for understanding the mechanism of urban soil and water loss.137Cs +210Pbexcombination tracer was applied to study the characterization and evaluation of soil Erosion in Shenzhen. The results indicate that the following: 1)Disturbances from urbanization has greatly changed surface soil in Shenzhen.137Cs background inventory in Shenzhen range at 99 Bq/m2-653 Bq/m2. 2)210Pbexbackground inventory increase with altitude rise, which is attributed to the movement of water vapor. 3)Soil erosion in Shenzhen has a wide distribution area and exacerbated by severe human disturbance. Land development and steep orchard are key factors that influence urban soil and water loss. 4)Shenzhen should strictly carry out projects for soil and water conservation, such as returning steep slopes into forests and grasslands, and other ecological management reforms.

scholarly journals Assessment of Plant Growth Promoting and Abiotic Stress Tolerance Properties of Wheat Endophytic Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Alam Ripa ◽  
Wei-dong Cao ◽  
Shuai Tong ◽  
Jian-guang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

The aims of the present work were to isolate and characterize fungal endophytic communities associated with healthy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, collected from the North China. Segregated endophytes were screened for their PGP traits, abiotic stresses (heavy metals, salinity, drought, and temperature), and antibiotic sensitivity. A total of 16 endophytic fungi were isolated using the culture-dependent approach from different tissue parts of wheat plants. Based upon their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequencing, 15 out of 16 isolates were selected for further analysis. In the contemporary investigation, a number of the tested endophytes exhibited fairly good 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) (0.03±0.011 to 1.43±0.01µmolα-KB mg−1protein hr−1), indole acetic acid (IAA) (1.125±0.04 to36.12±0.004µgml−1), and phosphate solubilizing index (PSI) (2.08±0.03to5.16±0.36) activities. More than 30% isolates gave positive result for siderophore and ammonia tests, whereas all exhibited catalase activity but only 2 (582PDA1 and 582PDA11) produced hydrogen cyanide.Trichodermastrains showed salt, heavy metals, and drought tolerance at high levels and also exhibited resistance to all the tested antibiotics. Strain 582PDA4 was found to be the most temperature (55°C) tolerant isolate. The findings of this study indicated that the microbial endophytes isolated from wheat plants possessing a crucial function to improve plant growth could be utilized as biofertilizers or bioagents to establish a sustainable crop production system.

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