scholarly journals New fat ingredients in confectionary for a healthy diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Zinaida Baranova ◽  
Sergey Nikonovich ◽  
Natalia Tarasenko ◽  
Elena Baranova ◽  
Svetlana Kucherova

An important segment of the functional food market is products of the confectionery industry covered with chocolate or confectionery glaze for a healthy diet. The selection of high-quality and technological fat ingredients for the glaze for such products is often difficult due to the specific properties of the functional ingredients in the glaze composition. An additional source of concern is the realization that there are a limited number of vegetable oils and fats in nature that have optimal crystallization and melting characteristics. Therefore they must be subjected to modification processes, such as hydrogenation, to form the hardness and main rheological characteristics of the future fat base. Such processes can negatively affect the consumer properties of the ready-made glaze, due to the formation of trans-isomers of fatty acids. A technology for the production of new fat ingredients by a combined method has been developed. On the basis of the obtained cocoa butter substitutes of non-tempered mixed type, which do not contain trans-isomers of fatty acids, and have optimal characteristics of crystal formation, experimental batches of confectionery glaze were produced and a set of indicators that form the consumer properties of the ready-made product was investigated. The result of the study was practical recommendations for the use of confectionery glazes based on the developed fat ingredients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2409
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kolanowski

Salmonids are valuable fish in the human diet due to their high content of bioactive omega-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC PUFA). The aim of this study was to assess the omega-3 VLC PUFA content in selected salmonid fish present on the food market regarding whether they were farm-raised or wild. It was assumed that farm-raised fish, by eating well-balanced feed enriched with omega-3 PUFA, might contain omega-3 VLC PUFA in levels similar to that of wild fish. Fat content, fatty acid composition and omega-3 VLC PUFA content in fish fillets were measured. Farm-raised salmon from Norway, wild Baltic salmon, farm-raised rainbow trout and brown trout were bought from a food market whereas wild trout (rainbow and brown) were caught alive. The fat content in fish ranged from 3.3 to 8.0 g/100 g of fillet. It was confirmed that although wild salmonid fish contain 10–25% more omega-3 VLC PUFA in lipid fraction, the farm-raised ones, due to the 60–100% higher fat content, are an equally rich source of these desirable fatty acids in the human diet. One serving (130 g) of salmonid fish fillets might provide a significant dose of omega-3 VLC PUFA, from 1.2 to 2.5 g. Thus, due to very high content of bioactive fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in their meat, salmonid fish currently present on the food market, both sea and freshwater as well as wild and farm-raised, should be considered as natural functional food.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2952-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pandohee ◽  
Robert J. Rees ◽  
Michelle J. S. Spencer ◽  
Aaron Raynor ◽  
Oliver A. H. Jones

This paper outlines a protocol, which combines quantum mechanics calculations and experimental synthesis, to enable systematic selection of suitable chromophores based on their stability of fluorescence and efficiency of the chemical reaction.


2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Smyatskaya ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Politaeva ◽  
Amira Toumi ◽  
◽  
...  

This article discusses the effect of the disintegration of the cell wall of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana on the output of the lipid fraction. The biomass of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana was grown under laboratory conditions in special photobioreactors at a temperature of 25 °C, with a constant aeration of a mixture of carbon dioxide and air at a rate of 1.5 liters/min, illumination 2200-2800 Lx. Nutrient medium for cultivation contained macro – and micronutrients for high-speed growth of microalgae. Selection of optimal cultivation parameters allows obtaining biomass with desired properties. Disintegration was carried out with the homogenization of biomass and under the influence of microwave radiation. Extraction of lipids was carried out on a semi-automatic extractor according to the Randall method, using organic solvents. The output of the lipid fraction without treatment was 10.18% after the destruction of the cell wall 14.45% with the homogenization of biomass and 13.85% under the influence of microwave radiation. A qualitative analysis of the lipid fraction, carried out under gas chromatography, obtained under various conditions showed that there was no significant difference in composition from the disintegration method. Lipid fractions (more than 50%) in both cases consist mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, of which irreplaceable unsaturated fatty acids constitute more than 18% for both samples. The residual biomass formed after the extraction of the lipid fraction can be used as fertilizer in the plant, for the manufacture of sorption materials for the purification of industrial water and as a biofuel. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of cell wall disintegration on the output of the lipid fraction and qualitative composition.


2004 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Vojislav Bajic ◽  
Milorad Danilovic

The application of rationalized thinning technology in beech coppice stands was studied. Three basic methods of thinning: schematic, selection and combined method were analyzed. In the framework of each of the above thinning methods, different thinning varieties were designed, differing by the degree of crosscutting, width of gathering lines and their distance. The applied method of felling and crosscutting is the whole tree method or log method, and the form of work organization (1M+1R). The felling and crosscutting are characterized by two key work operations: directed felling and manual collection of the felled wood material. Manual collection is made significantly easier by the correct selection of tree felling direction which in turn affects significantly the rationalization of the entire thinning process.


Author(s):  
З.А. БАРАНОВА ◽  
И.Б. КРАСИНА ◽  
С.Н. НИКОНОВИЧ ◽  
Е.И. БАРАНОВА

Совершенствование процессов модификации масел и жиров при получении жировых полуфабрикатов с оптимальными свойствами кристаллообразования является актуальным для масложирового и кондитерского производств. Существует ограниченное количество природных растительных масел с оптимальным жирнокислотным и триглицеридным составом для применения в качестве основы жировых смесей при производстве кондитерских жировых начинок. Богатые насыщенными жирными кислотами какао-масло и масло ши являются дорогостоящими жировыми компонентами со специфическими свойствами для использования в кондитерских изделиях. Между тем пальмовое масло имеет хороший баланс между насыщенными и ненасыщенными жирными кислотами. С целью снижения себестоимости жировых полуфабрикатов за счет повторной переработки образующихся промежуточных олеиновых фракций пальмового масла и получения жировых полуфабрикатов, имеющих аналогичные средней фракции пальмового масла физико-химические и структурно-механические свойства, проведено комплексное исследование физико-химических свойств и основных показателей плавления и застывания разработанных жировых композиций: температура застывания не более 23,4°C; твердость при 20°C от 43,7 до 44,7%; массовая доля триглицерида POP от 41,4 до 42,7%. Физико-химические характеристики исходных компонентов жировых полуфабрикатов, %, твердость при 20°C: промежуточной олеиновой фракции 32,5; первой стеариновой фракции 74,3; средней фракции пальмового масла 45,6. Температура плавления промежуточной олеиновой фракции 32,8°C. Получены образцы жировых полуфабрикатов для производства кондитерских жировых начинок (индекс кристаллизации от 1,9 до 2,0). Результаты исследования показали возможность создания жировых полуфабрикатов – аналогов средней фракции пальмового масла, имеющих в составе 10% промежуточной олеиновой фракции. Improvement of the processes of modification of oils and fats when obtaining fatty semi-finished products with optimal crystal formation properties is relevant for production fat and oil products and confectionery. There is a limited amount of natural vegetable oils with an optimal fatty acid and triglyceride composition for use as the basis of fatty mixtures in the production of confectionery fat fillings. Rich in saturated fatty acids, cocoa butter and shea butter are expensive fatty components with specific properties for use in confectionery. Meanwhile, palm oil has a good balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In order to reduce the cost of semi-finished fat products by re-processing the formed intermediate oleic fractions of palm oil and obtaining fat semi-finished products having physicochemical and structural-mechanical properties similar to the middle fraction of palm oil, a comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties and the main indicators of melting and solidification developed fatty compositions: pour point no more than 23,4°C; hardness at 20°Cfrom 43,7 to 44,7%; mass fraction of POP triglyceride from 41,4 to 42,7%. Physical and chemical characteristics of the initial components of fatty semi-finished products, %, hardness at 20°C: intermediate oleic fraction 32,5; first stearic fraction 74,3; middle palm oil fraction 45,6. The melting point of the intermediate oleic fraction is 32,8°C. Samples of fatty semi-finished products for the production of confectionery fatty fillings (crystallization index from 1,9 to 2,0) were obtained. The results of the study showed the possibility of creating fatty semi-finished products – analogues of the mid-fraction of palm oil, which contain 10% of the intermediate oleic fraction.


1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Sperling ◽  
Ute Hammer ◽  
Wolfgang Friedt ◽  
Ernst Heinz

Abstract A selection of lipids from achenes, cotyledons after germination, roots and leaves of normal and high oleic varieties of sunflower were analyzed with regard to their fatty acid profiles. The lipids included triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine as ER-made components and mono-and digalactosyl diacylglycerol as plastid-localized glycolipids. A comparison of fatty acid pat­ terns showed that the block in oleate desaturation of the high oleic variety is confined to the ER of fat accumulating embryos, but that upon germination the oleate desaturation in the cotyledonary ER is rapidly derepressed. These data are supported by enzymatic experiments. In microsomes from maturing fruits of the high oleic variety oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase could not be detected, whereas o leoyl-CoA : lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and components of the microsomal electron transport chains were not affected. A correlation in the expression of desaturation blocks in seed and root fatty acids as observed in mutants of other species was not observed which, therefore, cannot be generalized. Our data are discussed in terms of the existence of two ER-specific oleate desaturase activities.


1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1292
Author(s):  
Anita Huang ◽  
David Firestone

Abstract A study was made to compare the rapid method reported by Allen with the tentative method of the American Oil Chemists’ Society for the determination of isolated (unconjugated) trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids. The rapid method was found to be less accurate. The accuracy of the rapid method can be improved by using an oil or methyl ester matrix with the same composition as the sample matrix for the determination of K-and f-values used for calculation of per cent trans isomers. Results obtained with both methods for methyl esters were more accurate than results for vegetable oils. An analysis of variance was performed to compare the methods.


Author(s):  
ANA CRISTINA R. MENDES ◽  
TELMA MARIA BARRETO BISCONTINI ◽  
MARIA SPÍNOLA MIRANDA

Neste artigo foram discutidos os principais aspectos bioquímicos, tecnológicos e nutricionais dos ácidos graxos trans isômeros, suas implicações na saúde humana, e possíveis correlações com as doenças cardiovasculares. São apresentados estudos e pesquisas em diversos países acerca dos teores dessas substâncias em alimentos, bem como estimativas de consumo populacional a partir do consumo de alimentos fritos ou submetidos a processamento com gorduras vegetais hidrogenadas a exemplo dos produtos tipo fast-food. Concluiu-se que novas pesquisas voltadas para a melhoria das tecnologias empregadas na produção de óleos e gorduras, bem como a otimização das operações utilizadas no preparo de alimentos fritos em redes de fast food e restaurantes poderão contribuir para a redução dos conteúdos de trans nos alimentos e conseqüentemente para diminuição do seu consumo. TRANS ISOMERS FATTY ACIDS IN FOODS: CONTENT, CONSUME AND EFFECTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Abstract In this article it was discussed the main biochemical, technological and nutritional aspects of the trans isomers fatty acids, the effects on human health and possible correlations with cardiovascular diseases. It presents studies and researches in several countries about the content of these substances in foods and the consume estimative between populations through fried foods on hydrogenated fat as, for example, the fast-food. It was concluded that new researches in order to improve the technologies employed in the production of oils and fat, and the conditions involved in the deep-frying processes in restaurants and fast-food net, can reduce the content of isomers trans in foods and consequently decrease the consume of these substances.


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