Different responses of primary producers to mild winter in macrophyte- and phytoplankton-dominated lakes

Early ice-out on lakes or the absence of ice cover can lead to intense water mixing, high turbidity, and changes in nutrient balance and light conditions in the water, which in turn affect the phytoplankton community and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to evaluate whether the effects of a mild winter on these primary producers are differentiated in two types of eutrophic lakes: phytoplankton-dominated (PDL), with a low proportion of SAV, and macrophyte-dominated (MDL), with extensive benthic vegetation. The physical and chemical parameters of the water, concentration of chlorophyll a, and the biomass of phytoplankton and SAV were investigated in four small eutrophic lakes (Eastern Poland) during the growing season after cold winters (CW) and mild winters (MW). In both types of lakes, the concentrations of soluble and total nitrogen were higher and the values of soluble and total phosphorus were lower after the MW than after the CW. The concentration of chlorophyll a and the phytoplankton biomass were always higher in the PDL than in the MDL, but the increase in both parameters in the vegetation season after the MW was statistically important only in the PDL. A poor underwater light climate was stressful for the SAV in the PDL, but not in the MDL. The MW had negative effects on phytoplankton diversity and the loss of light-demanding macrophytes. However, the biomass of primary producers in the MDL seems to be more resistant to climate warming, in comparison to the PDL.

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Contributions to the Knowledge of Sandy Soils from Oltenia Plain

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.1.7831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 192-200

Author(s):

Anca-Luiza Stanila ◽

Catalin Cristian Simota ◽

Mihail Dumitru

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Physical Geography ◽

Parent Material ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Small Water ◽

Wind Characteristic ◽

The One ◽

Physical And Chemical

Highlighting the sandy soil of Oltenia Plain calls for a better knowledge of their variability their correlation with major natural factors from each physical geography. Pedogenetic processes specific sandy soils are strongly influenced by nature parent material. This leads, on the one hand, climate aridity of the soil due to strong heating and accumulation of small water reserves, consequences emphasizing the moisture deficit in the development of the vegetation and favoring weak deflation, and on the other hand, an increase in mineralization organic matter. Relief under wind characteristic sandy land, soil formation and distribution has some particularly of flat land with the land formed on the loess. The dune ridges are less evolved soils, profile underdeveloped and poorly supplied with nutrients compared to those on the slopes of the dunes and the interdune, whose physical and chemical properties are more favorable to plant growth.Both Romanati Plain and the Blahnita (Mehedinti) Plain and Bailesti Plain, sand wind shaped covering a finer material, loamy sand and even loess (containing up to 26% clay), also rippled with negative effects in terms of overall drainage. Depending on the pedogenetic physical and geographical factors that have contributed to soil cover, in the researched were identified following classes of soils: protisols, cernisols, cambisols, luvisols, hidrisols and antrosols.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production requires some land improvement works (especially fitting for irrigation) and agropedoameliorative works. Particular attention should be paid to preventing and combating wind erosion.

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Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13700-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iqra Ghafoor ◽

Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman ◽

Muqarrab Ali ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

Wazir Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Harvest Index ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Partial Factor Productivity ◽

Partial Factor ◽

Coated Fertilizers

AbstractHigher demands of food led to higher nitrogen application to promote cropping intensification and produce more which may have negative effects on the environment and lead to pollution. While sustainable wheat production is under threat due to low soil fertility and organic matter due to nutrient degradation at high temperatures in the region. The current research explores the effects of different types of coated urea fertilizers and their rates on wheat crop under arid climatic conditions of Pakistan. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency by using eco-friendly coated urea products could benefit growers and reduce environmental negative effects. A trial treatment included N rates (130, 117, 104, and 94 kg ha-1) and coated urea sources (neem coated, sulfur coated, bioactive sulfur coated) applied with equal quantity following split application method at sowing, 20 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The research was arranged in a split-plot design with randomized complete block design had three replicates. Data revealed that bioactive sulfur coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 increased chlorophyll contents 55.0 (unit value), net leaf photosynthetic rate (12.51 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and leaf area index (5.67) significantly. Furthermore, research elucidates that bioactive sulfur urea with the same N increased partial factor productivity (43.85 Kg grain Kg-1 N supplied), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) 64.70%, and partial nutrient balance (1.41 Kg grain N content Kg-1 N supplied). The neem-coated and sulfur-coated fertilizers also showed better results than monotypic urea. The wheat growth and phenology significantly improved by using coated fertilizers. The crop reached maturity earlier with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated urea than others. Maximum total dry matter 14402 (kg ha-1) recorded with 130 kg N ha-1application. Higher 1000-grain weight (33.66 g), more number of grains per spike (53.67), grain yield (4457 kg ha-1), and harvest index (34.29%) were obtained with optimum N application 130 kg ha-1 (recommended). There is a significant correlation observed for growth, yield, and physiological parameters with N in the soil while nitrogen-related indices are also positively correlated. The major problem of groundwater contamination with nitrate leaching is also reduced by using coated fertilizers. Minimum nitrate concentration (7.37 and 8.77 kg ha-1) was observed with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated and sulfur-coated urea with lower N (94 kg ha-1), respectively. The bioactive sulfur-coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 showed maximum phosphorus 5.45 mg kg-1 and potassium 100.67 mg kg-1 in the soil. Maximum nitrogen uptake (88.20 kg ha-1) is showed by bioactive sulfur coated urea with 130 kg N ha-1 application. The total available NPK concentrations in soil showed a significant correlation with physiological attributes; grain yield; harvest index; and nitrogen use efficiency components, i.e., partial factor productivity, partial nutrient balance, and nitrogen harvest index. This research reveals that coating urea with secondary nutrients, neem oil, and microbes are highly effective techniques for enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and wheat production in calcareous soils and reduced N losses under arid environments.

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Interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp15054 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 770 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽

Mathias Neumann Andersen ◽

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽

Fulai Liu

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Crop Production ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Salt Affected Soils

The objective of this work was to study the interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and exopolysaccharide activity on mitigating salinity stress in maize (Zea mays L.). The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions, and were subjected to separate or combined treatments of biochar (0% and 5%, w/w) and two endophytic bacterial strains (Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN) and Enterobacter sp. (FD17)) and salinity stress. The results indicated that salinity significantly decreased the growth of maize, whereas both biochar and inoculation mitigated the negative effects of salinity on maize performance either by decreasing the xylem Na+ concentration ([Na+]xylem) uptake or by maintaining nutrient balance within the plant, especially when the two treatments were applied in combination. Moreover, in biochar-amended saline soil, strain FD17 performed significantly better than did PsJN in reducing [Na+]xylem. Our results suggested that inoculation of plants with endophytic baterial strains along with biochar amendment could be an effective approach for sustaining crop production in salt-affected soils.

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The effect of ice phenology exerted on submerged macrophytes through physicochemical parameters and the phytoplankton abundance

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1207 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wojciech Ejankowski ◽

Tomasz Lenard

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Water Transparency ◽

Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Eutrophic Lakes ◽

Macrophyte Species ◽

Tn:Tp Ratio

The physicochemical parameters of water, the concentration of chlorophyll-a and the submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) were studied to evaluate the effects of different winter seasons on the biomass of macrophytes in shallow eutrophic lakes. We hypothesised that a lack of ice cover or early ice-out can influence the physicochemical parameters of water and thus change the conditions for the development of phytoplankton and SAV. The studies were conducted in four lakes of the Western Polesie region in mid-eastern Poland after mild winters with early ice-out (MW, 2011 and 2014) and after cold winters with late ice-out (CW, 2010, 2012 and 2013). The concentrations of soluble and total nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and the TN:TP ratio in the lakes were considerably higher, whereas the concentration of soluble and total phosphorus and water transparency were significantly lower after the MW compared with after the CW. No differences were found in water temperature, reaction and electrolytic conductivity. Low water turbidity linked with low concentration of chlorophyll-a after the CW resulted in increased water transparency and the total biomass of the SAV. The negative effect of the MW on the macrophyte species was stronger on more sensitive species (Myriophyllum spicatum, Stratiotes aloides) compared with shade tolerant Ceratophyllum demersum. Our findings show that the ice cover phenology affected by climate warming can change the balance between phytoplankton and benthic vegetation in shallow eutrophic lakes, acting as a shift between clear and turbid water states. We speculate that various responses of macrophyte species to changes in the water quality after two winter seasons (CW and MW) could cause alterations in the vegetation biomass, particularly the expansion of shade tolerance and the decline of light-demanding species after a series of mild winters.

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Earth observation for monitoring and mapping of cyanobacteria blooms. Case studies on five Italian lakes

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 76 (s1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mariano Bresciani ◽

Claudia Giardino ◽

Rosaria Lauceri ◽

Erica Matta ◽

Ilaria Cazzaniga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Late Summer ◽

Eutrophic Lake ◽

Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Eutrophic Lakes ◽

Chl A

Cyanobacterial blooms occur in many parts of the world as a result of entirely natural causes or human activity. Due to their negative effects on water resources, efforts are made to monitor cyanobacteria dynamics. This study discusses the contribution of remote sensing methods for mapping cyanobacterial blooms in lakes in northern Italy. Semi-empirical approaches were used to flag scum and cyanobacteria and spectral inversion of bio-optical models was adopted to retrieve chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations. Landsat-8 OLI data provided us both the spatial distribution of Chl-a concentrations in a small eutrophic lake and the patchy distribution of scum in Lake Como. ENVISAT MERIS time series collected from 2003 to 2011 enabled the identification of dates when cyanobacterial blooms affected water quality in three small meso-eutrophic lakes in the same region. On average, algal blooms occurred in the three lakes for about 5 days a year, typically in late summer and early autumn. A suite of hyperspectral sensors on air- and space-borne platforms was used to map Chl-a concentrations in the productive waters of the Mantua lakes, finding values in the range of 20 to 100 mgm-3. The present findings were obtained by applying state of the art of methods applied to remote sensing data. Further research will focus on improving the accuracy of cyanobacteria mapping and adapting the algorithms to the new-generation of satellite sensors.

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Towards a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment strategy for eutrophication abatement

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184500056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 00056 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elena Neverova-Dziopak

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Point Of View ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Economic Point ◽

The Public ◽

Treatment Technologies

Eutrophication is one of the consequences of the negative anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems. It leads to the degradation of both sweet and marine ecosystems, constituting a kind of secondary pollution of waters, which disturbs all types of their use. Undertakings related to preventing the negative effects of eutrophication are mainly conducted towards reducing the loads of nutrients introduced into surface waters and controlling the entire conditions in aquatic ecosystems in order to limit the development of aquatic vegetation. The increasingly restrictive legal requirement regarding the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater discharged into recipients enforces the application of expensive treatment technologies, and the public is becoming more aware of the rising costs of water and wastewater fees. In addition, wastewater treatment is a factor which has a negative impact on air quality due to greenhouse gas emissions and generates other environmental problems. The challenge for facilities, however, is determining which treatment alternatives will best meet their needs, both technically and financially, and to choose the most sustainable path. The problem of establishing a reasonable level of nutrient removal from wastewater, justified from an ecological and economic point of view is discussed in the paper.

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Effects of interactions between macroalgae and seagrass on the distribution of macrobenthic invertebrate communities at the Yellow River Estuary, China

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinyan Wang ◽

Jiaguo Yan ◽

Junhong Bai ◽

Dongdong Shao ◽

Baoshan Cui

Keyword(s):

Yellow River ◽

River Estuary ◽

Yellow River Estuary ◽

The Yellow River ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Primary Producers ◽

Biomass Density ◽

Invertebrate Communities ◽

Seagrass Ecosystem ◽

Hydrodynamic Disturbance

Algae-dominance in seagrass beds has been well recognized, however, the competitive relationship between seagrass and macroalgae along land-sea gradients and their ecological effects has received little attention. In this study, a field survey was conducted at the Yellow River Estuary to investigate the effects of macroalgal proliferation on seagrass and macrobenthic invertebrate communities. Our results suggested that strong competitive interaction existed between the two primary producers, and the positive or negative effects of macroalgae on seagrass growth varied along land-sea gradient. Furthermore, the dominant controlling factors on the biomass, density and diversity of macrobenthic invertebrate communities were found to vary accordingly, i.e., from features of the primary producers in the nearshore where macroalgae suppressed seagrass growth to hydrodynamic disturbance in the offshore where macroalgae facilitated seagrass growth. Our study emphasizes the importance to integrate interspecific competition into ecosystem-based management of seagrass ecosystem, and provides references for additional ecological indicators.

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Alternative Microturbine Fuels Feasibility Study Through Thermal Stability, Material Compatibility, and Engine Testing

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4025128 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 135 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Arias Quintero ◽

Joshua Schmitt ◽

Richard Blair ◽

Jayanta Kapat

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Operation Costs ◽

Turbine Performance ◽

Engine Testing ◽

Physical And Chemical

Historically, gas turbine fuels have been procured based on availability and low cost criteria. However,in the past few decades, with the growing concern over the negative environmental impacts produced by emissions, alternative fuels have been developed and tested under the objective of reducing such negative effects. The physical properties and broad chemical composition of fuels, including trace elements, may result in engine performance issues found only after extensive operation. This, in turn, results in higher maintenance and operation costs. This paper studies the feasibility of several renewable fuels for microturbine application, identifying key relationships between the physical and chemical properties, thermal stability, materials compatibility, and turbine performance.

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Microalgae Diversities in Different Depths of Sendang Biru Beach, Malang East Java

Biotropika Journal of Tropical Biology ◽

10.21776/ub.biotropika.2020.008.03.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 135-142

Author(s):

Yustika Aulia Rahma ◽

Getrudis Wihelmina ◽

Sugireng Sugireng ◽

Tri Ardiyati

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Central Zone ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Edge Zone ◽

Phytoplankton Diversity ◽

Abundant Phytoplankton ◽

Index Value ◽

Physical And Chemical

Sendang Biru beach is a one of the coastal area located in Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang, East Java-Indonesia. As a sea tourism, there are another residents activities such as fishing, fish landing and auction in Malang. That activities can caused pollution on the Sendang Biru aquatic environment. The research aim were to describe the water quality of Sendang Biru aquatic environment based on phytoplankton diversity. This research used several data collection techniques, that were microalgae sampling technique and measurement of physical and chemical water quality. Phytoplankton found in Sendang Biru Beach consists of 47 genus that are genus from seven divisions, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Dinophyta, Chrysophyta and Charophyta. The most abundant phytoplankton while having the Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) at the edge zone is the genus Oscillatoria sp. (the abundance is 4368000 Ind/L and INP 26,288). In the central and inner zones are both dominated by Coscinodiscus sp. (The abundance of center zone 4992000 Ind/L and INP 30,499; the abundance of inside zone is 9464000 Ind/L and INP 40,773). The level of diversity of phytoplankton in the three area of Sendang Biru beach are 2,297 in the edge zone; 2,37 in the central zone, and 1,8 in the inner zone. The pollution status of Sendang Biru beach can be classified as polluted moderately based on diversity index value on three different zone in the Sendang Biru Beach.

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The Effects of Nicosulfuron and Glyphosate on Microbial Activity of Different Soils

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lj. ŠANTRIC ◽

Lj. RADIVOJEVIC ◽

J. GAJIC-UMILJENDIC ◽

M. SARIC-KRSMANOVIC ◽

R. ÐUROVIC-PEJCEV

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Biomass Carbon ◽

Treatment Rate ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Laboratory Changes ◽

Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT: The effects of the nicosulfuron and glyphosate herbicides on microbial activity in two soils with different physical and chemical properties (loam and sand) were investigated. Nicosulfuron was applied at the rates of 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 and 30.0 mg kg-1 soil and glyphosate at 32.6, 65.2, 326.0 and 3260.0 mg kg-1 soil in the laboratory. Changes in dehydrogenase and urease activity, as well as in microbial biomass carbon, were examined. Samples for the analysis were collected at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. The results showed that the effects of nicosulfuron and glyphosate depended on treatment rate, duration of activity, test parameters and soil types. In general, application of the herbicides significantly increased the activity of dehydrogenase and urease. Nicosulfuron had a stimulating activity on microbial biomass carbon in loam, while both herbicides demonstrated negative effects on the parameter in the sandy soil.

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