scholarly journals Skid resistance demands of asphalt pavement during the braking process of autonomous vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Zheng Binshuang ◽  
Chen Jiaying ◽  
Zhao Runmin ◽  
Huang Xiaoming
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Technical Specifications

As the main operationality of AVs, the braking property is directly related to traffic safety. Major traffic accidents are often related to the braking distance, the side slip and hydroplaning during the emergency braking, which depends on the pavement skid resistance. Therefore, the estimation to relate AVs braking distance requirements with pavement peak friction coefficient to ensure a safe driving condition on expressway is of high practical significance. In this paper, the effect of AVs on braking performance parameters and dynamic friction on tire-pavement interaction are investigated. Based on the field test of the Coastal highway in Jiangsu province of China, this paper proposes an algorithm to determine time-dependent braking distance of AVs considering pavement frictional properties. According to the algorithm, an AVs braking system is provided to reach the maximum braking force for improving the AVs traffic safety. Furthermore, it revises the braking distance formula of Design Specification for Highway Alignment and the skid resistance threshold adopted by Technical Specifications for Maintenance of Highway Asphalt Pavement.

scholarly journals Simulation of AEBS Applicability by Changing Radar Detection Angle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Yongsoon Choi ◽  
Seryong Baek ◽  
Cheonho Kim ◽  
Junkyu Yoon ◽  
Seongkwan Mark Lee
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Radar Detection ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Euro Ncap ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Crash Avoidance

As smart cities become a global topic, interest in smart mobility, the core of smart cities, is also growing. The technology that comes closest to general users is “autonomous driving”. In particular, the successful market entry and establishment of some private companies proved that “autonomous driving” is not technology of the future but imminent reality. However, safety in autonomous vehicles that rely on sensors instead of the driver’s five senses has been the focus of attention from the beginning and continues to be so. In this study, we attempted to counter this interest. Based on the actual data of thirty traffic accidents, assuming the AEBS (Autonomous Emergency Braking System) was installed to assist the driver in safe driving, it was reinterpreted through simulation to see what changes occurred in the accident. In the computer program, PC-Crash, the results were first analyzed through simulation using Euro NCAP (New Car Assessment Program)’s AEBS test standards. Subsequently, the other variables in the AEBS were controlled and the accident was reinterpreted by changing only the angle of the radar detection sensor. As a result, it was confirmed that a total of 27 accidents out of thirty accidents could have been prevented with the AEBS. In addition, it proved that the crash avoidance rate of vehicles gradually increased as the radar angle increased.

scholarly journals Finite Element Studies of Skid Resistance under Hot Weather Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (40) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianchi Tang ◽  
Kumar Anupam ◽  
Cor Kasbergen ◽  
Reginald Kogbara ◽  
Athanasios Scarpas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Braking Distance

The skid resistance of a pavement surface is an important characteristic that influences traffic safety. Previous studies have shown that skid resistance varies with temperature. However, relatively limited work has been carried out to study the effect of temperature on skid resistance in hot climates. Recent developments in computing and computational methods have encouraged researchers to analyze the mechanics of the tire-pavement interaction phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to develop a thermo-mechanical tire pavement interaction model that would allow more robust and realistic modeling of skid resistance using the Finite Element (FE) method. The results of this model were validated using field tests that were performed in the State of Qatar. Consequently, the validated FE model was used to quantify the effect of factors such as speed, inflation pressure, wheel load, and ambient temperature on the skid resistance/braking distance. The developed model and analysis methods are expected to be valuable for road engineers to evaluate the skid resistance and braking distance for pavement management and performance prediction purposes.

scholarly journals Research on the application of epoxy surface in the pavement maintenance of the Yilaga Tunnel in Guizhou Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Tian ◽  
Xiangyan Wu ◽  
Xiangling Chen ◽  
Xingbing Xiong ◽  
Jianping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Closed Environment

There are high mountains and steep roads in Guizhou Province. Affected by the relatively closed environment, high humidity and other factors, the skid resistance and durability of the highway in tunnels were obviously reduced, which affects the normal operation of the asphalt pavement. Based on the pavement maintenance project of the highway in the Yilaga Tunnel in Guizhou Province, a new kind of epoxy surface treatment maintenance technology for asphalt pavement has been introduced in this paper. Through the comparative analysis of friction coefficient, structural depth and other anti-sliding performance before and after construction, the results has shown that the technology can effectively solve the early diseases and significantly improve the anti-sliding performance of the pavement, and assist to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF WINTER STUDDED TIRES OPERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
N. O. Sapozhenkov ◽  
◽  
V. S. Petrov ◽  
D. V. Zhdanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Cost

The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of vehicle operation by establishing patterns of change in the performance properties of winter tires and improving, on this basis, methods for adjusting the frequency of their replacement. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach, a number of private methods of the experimental-theoretical level and proven methods of processing experimental data. As a result of the analysis of key factors, the relevance of the application of repair technology for studding car tires has been substantiated. Experimental studies on measuring the braking distance and acceleration time have confirmed the need for prompt diagnostics of the residual number of studs on car tires. It was found that the efficiency of the tire as the actual number of studs decreases non-linearly and depends largely on the type of road surface used. The scientific novelty of the performed research is the regularities of braking and acceleration properties of cars operated on various road surfaces in winter conditions, taking into account the technical condition of studded tires. The practical significance of such stands is to increase the demand for this service by reducing costs and significantly reducing labor costs associated with assessing the performance of winter tires. Technological operations using portable stands can be combined with periodic maintenance or carried out with a seasonal tire change both at service stations and in motor transport companies. Further research is aimed at collecting, analyzing and systematizing data to establish the parameters of mathematical models of the most popular standard sizes of automobile winter tires, which will allow scaling the technology and reducing its cost due to mass use. Thus, the results of the on-line diagnostics of tires can be used by car owners when making timely decisions about replacement or repair, which significantly increases traffic safety and reduces the cost of operation, since if the integrity of the tread is preserved, the restoration of winter tires with repair studs almost completely restores the original properties that determine numerical values of efficiency indicators at significantly lower costs in comparison with buying a set of new tires.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of skid resistance on traffic safety of highway with a high ratio of bridges and tunnels

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Ding ◽  
Danni Li ◽  
Mingxuan Huang ◽  
Xuejuan Cao ◽  
Boming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The safety of highways with a high ratio of bridges and tunnels is related to multiple factors, for example, the skid resistance of the pavement surface. In this study, the distribution of accidents under different conditions was calculated to investigate the relationship between the road skid resistance and the incidence of traffic accidents based on the traffic accident data of the Yuxiang highway. Statistical results show that weather conditions and road alignment may affect traffic accidents. The correlation analysis method was used to study the relationship between three factors and traffic accidents. The results show that road alignment, weather conditions and road skid resistance are related to the incidence of traffic accidents. The traffic accident prediction models were established based on back propagation neural network to verify the correlation analysis results. It is confirmed that road alignment, weather conditions and road skid resistance are the factors that affect traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Progress and Monitoring Opportunities of Skid Resistance in Road Transport: A Critical Review and Road Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3729
Author(s):  
Mezgeen Rasol ◽  
Franziska Schmidt ◽  
Silvia Ientile ◽  
Lucas Adelaide ◽  
Boumediene Nedjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Resistance Measurement ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement

Skid resistance is a significant feature that provides consistent traffic safety management for road pavements. An appropriate level of Skid resistance describes the contribution that the pavement surface makes to tire/road friction, and the surface of the road pavement can reduce vehicle operation cost, traffic accidents, and fatalities, particularly in wet conditions. Wet conditions decrease the level of the skid resistance (pavement friction), and this may lead to serious struggles related to driving on the road pavement (e.g., skidding or hydroplaning), which contributes to higher crash rates. The knowledge of skid resistance is essential to ensure reliable traffic management in transportation systems. Thus, a suitable methodology of skid resistance measurement and the understanding of the characterization of the road pavement are key to allow safe driving conditions. This paper presents a critical review on the current state of the art of the research conducted on skid resistance measurement techniques, taking into account field-based and laboratory-based methodologies, and novel road sensors with regard to various practices of skid resistance, factors influencing the skid resistance, the concept of the minimum skid resistance and thresholds. In conclusion, new trends that are relevant to data collection approaches and innovative procedures to further describe the data treatment are discussed to achieve better understanding, more accurate data interoperability, and proper measurement of skid resistance.

scholarly journals Relationship between Speed Characteristics and Traffic Safety on Freeways in Mainland China

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyue Tang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Method ◽  
Speed Standard Deviation

Based on the traffic accidents statistical data of 10 typical freeways in mainland China, by using of some kinds of regression model, the influences of the average vehicle speed and the speed standard deviation on the traffic safety are studied. According to the regression results, the accidents show an increasing trend with the increase of the vehicle average speed and the speed standard deviation. On this basis, in view of the regression results, the strategy is put forward for controlling the vehicle average speed and the speed standard deviation, which has important theoretical and practical significance for improving highway safety. After a comprehensive comparison among these regression methods, it is found that the nonlinear regression method of user-defined model expression has the best fitting effect, and it can also more accurately describe the objective reality. It has high practicality and popularized value.

scholarly journals A Distribution Method of High Precise Differential Corrections for a Network Beidou/RTK System Based on Vehicular Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Hongjiang Zheng ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Huiheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Differential Corrections ◽  
Navigation Service

Abstract In recent years urban traffic safety has become a widely concerned issue due to the increasing traffic accidents caused by the growth of private car ownership. A very promising method is to provide high precision navigation service to prevent accidents. Therefore, a Network BDS/RTK System Based on Vehicular Networks (NBRSBVNs) is proposed for high precision positioning in an urban complex traffic environment in this paper. This system considers comprehensively the characteristics of the vehicular network and network RTK techniques, and also provides a new distribution method of high precision differential correction information. According to the massive field tests, this system scheme can support real-time and online high precision navigation service of multiple users at the same time. It has important practical significance in applications for vehicles active safety in a complex urban environment.

Anti-Skid Thin Layer on Asphalt Pavement of Super Long Downgrades

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xin Guan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Qi Sen Zhang ◽  
Cong Jia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Resistance Performance

Improving the skid resistance performance of asphalt pavement is an effective way to meet the requirements of safe driving on super long continuous downgrades. The anti-skid performance attenuation of SMA-16 was tested in laboratory. The results showed that SMA-16 could meet the requirement of anti-skid performance in early stage, but the anti-skid performance decreased rapidly on super long downgrades. The long-term anti-skid performance of anti-skid thin-layer had also been carried out in laboratory. We can come to conclusion that anti-skid thin paving layer can meet the requirements of anti-skid performance even in the end of design life. The anti-skid thin paving layer on super long downgrades was designed, which not only satisfied the durability of skid resistance performance but also reflected the demand of economics.

Risk Predictive Driver Assistance System for Collision Avoidance in Intersection Right Turns

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Fujinami ◽  
Pongsathorn Raksincharoensak ◽  
Dirk Ulbricht ◽  
Rolf Adomat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driver Assistance System ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Right Turns

Most traffic accidents that result in injuries or fatalities occur in intersections. In Japan, where cars drive on the left, most of such accidents involve cars that are turning right. This situation serves as the basis of the development of our Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for intersection right turns. This research focuses on the scenario in which an object darts out from the blind spot created by heavy oncoming traffic as a vehicle is making an intersection right turn. When this happens, even if the driver brakes as hard as possible or an active safety function such as the Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEBS) applies the brakes, the natural limits of physical friction may make it impossible to avoid a collision. To improve traffic safety given the limited potential of physical friction, this research seeks to develop a risk-predictive right-turn assistance system. The system predicts potential oncoming objects and reduces the vehicle velocity in advance. Blind corners can be detected by on-board sensors without requiring information from surrounding infrastructure. This paper presents a right-turn assistance system that avoids conflict with the AEBS in emergencies by decelerating the ego vehicle to a safe velocity.

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