State support of JSC “Russian railways”

The main sources of funds for railway investment projects in Russia are still state and regional budgets, funds from the National Welfare Fund, the net profit of Russian Railways, and pension savings from the Pension Fund of Russia. The reform of the system of the Ministry of Railways and the creation of JSC “Russian Railways”, which began in 2016, has not yet released the state budget from financing its needs, and there has been no active use of private investment. Moreover, the monopoly began to seek to shift the financing of not only the modernization and construction of tracks, but even the maintenance of existing infra-structure on the shoulders of the state and shippers. From year to year, there is an increase in the total amount of state support for Russian Railways. Part of the received state support funds in the period under review is spent inefficiently by JSC “Russian Railways”. The remaining budget funds that are not used by JSC “Russian Railways” additionally burden the economy, increasing inflation by various surcharges to tariffs, but the available budget funds are not selected in full, and billions of fines are paid for this. There are low rates of implementation of individual investment projects, overestimation of expenses for the purchase of equipment, an increase in the cost of construction, the cost of contracts for a number of objects exceeds the cost determined by state expertise, etc.

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Development of recommendations to provide grants for beginning farmers

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-329-336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 329-336

Author(s):

V. A. Kozlov ◽

O. A. Frolova ◽

Y. A. Yukhlina

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Business Plan ◽

The State ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Government Support ◽

State Support ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

State Budget ◽

Abstract Logic ◽

Beginning Farmers

In view of their features, as well as the low level of production, agricultural producers need government support. It stands out in different directions according to the state program. At the same time, there is support to novice farmers in the form of grants from the state, the purpose of which is to help develop business in any branch of agriculture: in breeding horses, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, growing potatoes, grain crops, vegetables in the open and closed ground, fruits and berries, fishing, beekeeping. Grants are provided to persons registered as an individual entrepreneur for at least a year who have a business plan for expanding or modernizing the economy. Support is provided 1 time, for 10 years. Assistance to novice farmers is provided in two main areas: the creation (development) of the economy 1.5–3.0 million rubles; help for the device of life up to 250 thousand rubles. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical aspects of state support, analysis of assistance to novice farmers, as well as the development of recommendations for the provision of grants. The article uses abstract logic and design methods. Analyzed the activities of agriculture at the federal and regional levels. The concept of “state support for agriculture” was clarified and supplemented: state budget funds aimed at developing the industry and rural areas in certain areas; direct increase in their profitability, through the production of necessary agricultural products; the main criterion for which remains the effectiveness of the use of this support. The state farmer beginner state support program has been improved, recommendations on introducing changes to this program have been developed.

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Investment subsidies as a source of revenues to local budgets

Economics. Finances. Law ◽

10.37634/efp.2021.8(1).6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Volodymyr HORYN ◽

Nataliia KARPYSHYN

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Local Governments ◽

The State ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

State Budget ◽

Investment Projects ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

Water Mains

Introduction. Given the limited own resources of local self-government, it is important to ensure the effective functioning of the mechanism for providing investment subventions from the state budget. Such investment subventions include subventions for the formation of infrastructure in the united territorial communities and subventions for the implementation of measures of socio-economic development of separate territories. The purpose of the paper is the analysis of the mechanism of providing and using investment subventions to local budgets in order to identify disadvantages and eliminate them. Results. Providing an “infrastructure” subvention to local budgets has strengthened the capacity of united territorial communities and to some extent improved the quality of services provided to the population. During 2016–2019, UAH 6.5 billion was allocated from the State Budget of Ukraine to local budgets for infrastructure development and 9475 projects were implemented. With the help of these subventions, schools, kindergartens, outpatient clinics, cultural and sports institutions, water mains and roads were built and repaired, and specialized transport was purchased. However, in recent years, the role of this subvention has decreased significantly due to the fact that the number of UTCs that received an infrastructure subvention during 2016–2021 has increased significantly, and its volume has hardly changed. The amount of subventions from the state budget to local budgets for the implementation of measures for socio-economic development of certain territories has also decreased, which negatively affects the capacity of local governments in the field of investment projects. Conclusion. The volume of investment subventions remains insufficient, and their distribution is partly in a “manual mode”, which creates a favorable environment for political corruption and lobbying.

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The budget financing for farms in Ukraine

Economies Horizons ◽

10.31499/2616-5236.3(14).2020.226125 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-35

Author(s):

Iryna Tytarchuk ◽

Maryna M. Dielini ◽

Oleksandr V. Zhemoyda ◽

Yelyzaveta R. Bieliaieva

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Research Process ◽

The State ◽

Production Operation ◽

State Support ◽

State Budget ◽

Agrarian Policy ◽

Theoretical Generalization ◽

Livestock Products

The purpose of the article is to assess the current realities and areas of state support for farms, substantiation of recommendations for the formation of an effective system of budget funding for support programs in the future. Methods. General scientific and special scientific methods were used in the research process. Interpretation of basic categories and concepts is based on using methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, theoretical generalization. Results. For many countries agriculture is the most important industry in terms of contribution to GDP and employment, i.e. for both economic development and reduction of poverty. Farms are an important component of the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy. They ensure the efficient use of agricultural resources, as the economic interest of the producers themselves, who are mainly the owners of the resources or use some of them on lease, is fully realized. The farm incomes are based on the sale of crop production and livestock products, products of its processing and other industrial products of own products and the provision of different services. Practical contribution. During 2014–2019, the structure of budget programs of the state budget changed annually. At the same time, the central executive bodies were responsible for implementing programs aimed at financing agriculture, fisheries, forestry and hunting. Thus, the structure of the main spending units of the state budget changed. In this context it is important to take specific measures intended for the improvement of production profile considering a market dynamic; to make changes in manufacturing processes; to use more efficient material resources that ensure the reduction of their costs in terms of value per unit of output; to improve management in production operation of an enterprise; to encourage employees to achieve higher production results. Prospects for further research. How are the proposed measures supported by the state? Why is it important to implement them? Which possibilities are for this? The response to these issues requires a reasonable agrarian policy and a creation of effective mechanisms of state support. In consideration of a significant number of methods and approaches to justify agrarian public financing this aspect is quite relevant and important.

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BUDGET INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE: PRIORITIES AND TRENDS

International scientific journal Internauka Series Economical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2294-2021-3-7004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Natalya Yaroshevych ◽

◽

Andriy Yakymiv ◽

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Capital Expenditures ◽

Development Projects ◽

Capital Investments ◽

State Budget ◽

Investment Projects ◽

State Management ◽

State And Local ◽

Budget System

The article investigates the priorities of budget investment and trends in the distribution of capital expenditures among the budgetary system levels in Ukraine during 2010-2019 period. It has been established that capital expenditures of budgets in Ukraine cannot be equated with capital investments from the budget, since they contain articles that are inconsistent with the classical understanding of investments. But the analysis of their dynamics and structure makes it possible to identify the priorities of budget investment and the distribution of budget investment among the budget system levels. It has been established that since 2015 in Ukraine there has been an increase in the share of capital expenditures of the consolidated budget in the total expenditures of the consolidated budget at the expense of local budgets, which are a consequence of an increase in the local budgets resource base in relation to the decentralization reform. A positive trend of growth in the percentage of capital expenditures fulfillment of both state and local budgets was revealed. Also, since 2015, a change in the ratio of capital expenditures among the levels of the budget system in the direction of the prevalence of local budgets and a change in the structure of capital expenditures of the state and local budgets has been revealed: in the state budget, capital transfers to enterprises that are a form of support for certain sectors of the economy are decreasing, but in local budgets they are growing. Thus, the economic function of the state to support individual sectors of the economy is delegated to local budgets. It also revealed a change in priorities in the structure of financing public investment projects from the state budget of Ukraine during 2019-2020 from social development projects to transport infrastructure development projects (70% of funding). It has been established that capital investments from budgets of all levels are not aimed at multiplying budget investments; therefore, an increase in budget capital expenditures does not guarantee the acceleration of the state economic development. The improvement of the investment activities state management system should be realized in the direction of formation and budgetary financing the investment projects that will contribute to the introduction of new technologies, the creation of new jobs and the investment attractiveness of the country.

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DIGITIZATION OF RECLAMATION AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, PROSPECTS, INNOVATIONS

Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering ◽

10.31774/2712-9357-2021-11-4-141-156 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

I. F. Yurchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Private Investment ◽

The State ◽

Investment Efficiency ◽

Agricultural Technologies ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

The Cost

Purpose: study, analysis, assessment of opportunities, advantages and prospects, as well as difficulties, barriers, risks and feasibility of creating, introducing and using innovative technologies for managing agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The methodological basis of the work is based on the study, generalization and comparison of structural, functional, technological, ergonomic and other significant factors of information systems that characterize their shortcomings and opportunities for the development of highly productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural production. Results: an analysis of the formation of digitalization of domestic agricultural production showed the need to attract actively private investment in the agricultural sector of the economy, which in turn led to the need for large-scale information coverage of the benefits and risks of digitalization as a powerful factor in increasing the investment attractiveness of agribusiness. The priority and promising directions of digitalization of the reclamation sector of the economy are identified and characterized. The advantages of using automated technologies for managing the reclamation regime of agroecosystems are shown, which ensure the cost-effectiveness of automation. Along with the indicators of the expected effect, the factors characterizing the complexities, difficulties and risks of failure to achieve the planned investment efficiency, which consideration contributes to the leveling (elimination) of these restrictions, are considered. Proposals are formulated to improve the information and analytical resource for substantiating the effectiveness of digitalization and the state influence on its formation based on the development of platform technologies. Conclusions: intensification of work on the analysis, assessment and coverage of the state of digitalization of the crop production system with the ability to access it for all interested participants in agribusiness will motivate the entrepreneurs to invest in the latter.

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Role of National Taxes and Fees in the System of Mandatory Payments

Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs ◽

10.32631/v.2020.4.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 140-146

Author(s):

O. V Pabat

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

State Budget ◽

National Interests ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Business Entities ◽

National Tax ◽

Regional Budgets ◽

The Relationship ◽

Different Levels

The provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which determine the national taxes and fees within the system of mandatory payments, have been studied. It has been determined that the main purpose of national taxes and fees is the formation and saturation of the State budget’s revenues. The influence of national taxes and fees on the regulation of production and consumption has been clarified. It has been stated that national taxes and fees have a general impact on each person, obliging him or her to pay taxes established by the Tax Code. It has been determined that the studied taxes and fees are a lever for regulating and preventing negative tendencies in the economy and are the part of the mechanism that ensures the relationship between national interests and the interests of local business entities. The role of national taxes and fees within the system of mandatory payments as a source of revenues of the State budget (given their stability) also determines the policy of formation of all other types of revenues. The role of national taxes and fees in the formation of local budgets in Ukraine has been analyzed, namely such instruments of budget regulation as interest deductions from national taxes and revenues, budget transfers (budget subsidies, subsidies and subventions, withdrawals to the State Budget of Ukraine, intergovernmental settlements) and budget loans. It has been offered that the share of national taxes, which should be fixed in local budgets, is defined in proportion to the amount of the relevant national tax collected in a particular community. An important criterion for the VAT distribution between centeral and regional budgets should be the population of the region. It has been noted that national taxes are distributed between different levels of the budget system in accordance with the norms of deductions.

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Factors affecting the economic growth in the Mekong Delta

HCMCOUJS - ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ◽

10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.en.5.2.1008.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Kim Phuoc

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Open Economy ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Private Investment ◽

The State ◽

State Budget ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Research Findings

The objective of the study is to find out factors affecting the economic growth (GDP) of the 13 provinces/cities in the Mekong Delta. The study used secondary data from Statistical Yearbook of Statistical Office of 13 provinces cities in the Mekong Delta in the period of 2005-2014 . The study included 12 independent variables which impact on the ability of the local GDP method, which has turned "economic crisis" to a dummy variable. With technical analysis panel regression, regression of GDP variables is made by macro factors and local characteristics. This study has found that the elements of economic crisis had a stronger impact and adverse effects on GDP. In addition, factors such as the state capital, private investment in the country, the situation of balancing the state budget revenues and expenditures, the open economy, inflation, and the total workforce retail sales also affect GDP. In particular, most of the variables are affected in the same way except two variables GDP which is inflation and balance of payment of the state budget (mixed impacts). From the research findings, some recommendations are proposed to promote economic growth of the Mekong Delta.

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BUDGET INVESTMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

Market Infrastructure ◽

10.32843/infrastruct53-26 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalya Yaroshevych ◽

Andriy Yakymiv ◽

Olha Chubka

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Regional Development ◽

Financial Support ◽

Local Level ◽

The State ◽

Capital Expenditures ◽

Capital Investments ◽

State Budget ◽

Investment Projects ◽

Socio Economic Development

The article investigates the structure and dynamics of capital expenditures and capital investments at the expense of local budgets during 2010-2019. It has been established that since 2015 in Ukraine there has been an increase in capital expenditures of local budgets, both in the total amount of expenditures of local budgets, and in GDP as well. This is due to the growth of the local budgets resource base in connection with the decentralization reform. Also, a positive trend of growth in the percentage of capital expenditures of local budgets is revealed. This fact reflects the budgetary investment intensification at the local level. It was found that the growth of capital expenditures from local budgets occurs in the direction of the growth of capital transfers to enterprises (up to 40% in the total amount of capital expenditures). This may be due to the replenishment of the registered capital of utilities, a significant part of which is formed because of a medical reform. Major maintenance, reconstruction and restoration traditionally remain at a high level in the structure of local budgets capital expenditures. The significance for local budgets and procedures for obtaining various types of financial support for regional development from the state budget is also studied. It has been established that the investment potential of local budgets is formed by their own revenues to the development budget, as well as by funding from the state budget in the form of subventions to local budgets for the formation of the united territorial communities infrastructure (0.3-0.4% in the revenues of local budgets); subventions for the implementation of measures for the certain territories socio-economic development (0.2-1.2%) and financing of investment projects at the expense of the State Fund for Regional Development (0.7-1.03%). It was found that the growth of capital investments from local budgets to a small extent depends on financial support from the state budget. It was also clarified that the use of funds for the regional development financial support at the expense of the state budget does not quite correspond to the goals defined by legal acts. The problems of the efficiency of financing investment projects at the expense of the SFRD funds and subventions of socio-economic development have been identified. Recommendations are given for eliminating the identified problems of the effectiveness of financing investment projects for regional development.

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Entities of UJITS development: advantages and disadvantages of state and private enterprises involving

Law Review of Kyiv University of Law ◽

10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.31 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 180185

Author(s):

Iurii Georgiievskyi

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

State Enterprise ◽

Production Potential ◽

Administrative Monopoly ◽

Enterprise Information ◽

State Budget ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Business Entities ◽

The Cost ◽

Judicial Systems

The article provides results of a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of involving the state enterprise “InformationJudicial Systems” and private entities to the development and implementation of the Unified Judicial Information and TelecommunicationSystem in Ukraine. The “backlog” of the plan for the development and implementation of the UJITS is related to the lowefficiency of economic activity of the state enterprise “Information Judicial Systems”, which maintains an “administrative monopoly”on the establishment of the UJITS.Due to obtaining data about the activities of this state-owned enterprise, the author concludes that nowadays state enterprise“Information Judicial Systems” has an adequate financial, human and production potential for the development of the UJITS. At thesame time, the author sums up that due to a lack of competition the company’s specialists are not motivated in the fastest developmentof this information and telecommunication product, and the enterprise involves additional entities to fulfill the state order, which actuallyleads to unjustified and irrational spending of state budget. In this regard, it is shown as perspective the involvement of otherlicensed business entities (including private ones) on a competitive basis to the development of the Unified Judicial Information andTelecommunication System.Execution of the state order on a competitive basis will indicate the restriction of “administrative monopoly”, promote competitionand ultimately intensify the development and implementation of the UJITS in Ukraine. In order to prevent the risks of untimely,improper provision or non-provision of information services for the development of the UJITS, the author considers it appropriate toenvisage in the state contract (agreement) enhanced economic-law responsibility of the contractor and oblige to provide commensuratewith the cost of the state order insurance of the proper execution of their obligations.The legislator needs special attention in case of involvement to the UJITS developers on a competitive basis in managing therisks of leakage and dissemination of information about the peculiarities of the UJITS operation, prevention of unauthorized interfe -rence in the system, distortion of information contained in the UJITS after its establishment.

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