Training habits and lower limb injury prevention in parkour practitioners

Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité ◽

10.1051/sm/2021024 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sidney Grosprêtre ◽

Sami El Khattabi

Keyword(s):

Urban Landscape ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Training Load ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Physical Conditioning ◽

Lower Limb Injury ◽

Warm Up ◽

Coaching Methods ◽

Training Habits

Parkour consists of overcoming obstacles mostly in an urban landscape. Little is known regarding usual training habits and injury risks of traceurs, i.e., parkour practitioners. In this study, a 20-min survey have been fulfilled by a population of traceurs regarding training load, habits (type of warm up, physical conditioning, stretching), type of footwear, and number and type of ankle- and knee-injuries during their career. A total of 180 responses were analyzed (24.4 ± 5.9 years old, 21.7% female, 6.0 ± 3.9 years of experience). Participants reported to train 1 to 7 times per week for a mean duration of 2.2 h. 76% practiced stretching exercises. 75.6% practiced physical conditioning in addition to their parkour training (weightlifting, functional exercises). Injury rate was 1.7 per 1000 h of training, mostly ankle sprains and knee contusions. Number of injury and training load were positively correlated. The lack of physical conditioning was also a factor of injury. Knee injuries have been more frequent on participants wearing minimalist shoes. Although training appears well auto-organized and the injury rate quite low some pitfalls require attention, notably in training planning, warm-up, stretching and conditioning. Building training and coaching methods specific to parkour appears essential.

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Females have a Higher Post-Concussion Subsequent Injury Rate than Male Collegiate Athletes

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000581104.37325.c7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S28.1-S28

Author(s):

Thomas Buckely ◽

Jessie Oldham

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Lower Extremity Injury ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Lateral Ankle ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to compare post-concussion lower extremity musculoskeletal (MSK) injury between sexes.BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that there is an elevated risk of lower extremity MSK injury in the year following concussion. Indeed, we have previously reported a 1.6 –2.9 times elevated risk of lower extremity injury across a diverse population of collegiate student athletes at the conclusion of their athletic careers. However, there are recent and important calls to investigate the role of gender in concussion research and collegiate female student-athletes have elevated risks of specific injuries.Design/MethodsWe recruited 335 student-athletes (62.1% female, mean age, 21.2 ± 1.4 years old) across 13 sports from 17 NCAA member institutions. Participants self-reported concussions under three categories: 1) selfreported concussions, 2) acknowledged unreported concussions (e.g., “hidden”), 3) unrecognized concussions (e.g., memory loss following a head impact). The lower extremity MSK injuries were self-reported 1) lateral ankle sprains, 2) knee sprains, or 3) lower extremity muscle strain. Chi-square analyses identified the association between each of the concussion variables and lower extremity MSK between self-reported sexes.ResultsFor females, there was a significant association between 1) reported concussions and knee injuries (p = 0.018, OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.18 – 4.21), 2) unreported concussions and knee injuries (p = 0.005, OR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.51 – 9.22), 3) unrecognized concussions and lateral ankle sprains (p = 0.007, OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.32 – 5.15). For males, there was only a significant association between unrecognized concussions and muscle strains (p = 0.020, odds ratio = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.16 – 4.92).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest females are at higher risk of post-concussion subsequent MSK injury over the course of their collegiate athletic career. Consistent with recent concussion related findings, these results may highlight a gender difference in concussion response and suggests future studies continue to differentiate gender during analysis.

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The Epidemiology of US High School Basketball Injuries, 2005–2007

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546508322893 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 2328-2335 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

Laurel A. Borowski ◽

Ellen E. Yard ◽

Sarah K. Fields ◽

R. Dawn Comstock

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Injury Rate ◽

The United States ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Knee Ligament ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Nationally Representative

Background With more than a million high school athletes playing during the 2006–2007 academic year, basketball is one of the most popular sports in the United States. Hypothesis Basketball injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Basketball-related injury data were collected during the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative US high schools via Reporting Information Online. Results High school basketball players sustained 1518 injuries during 780 651 athlete exposures for an injury rate of 1.94 per 1000 athlete exposures. The injury rate per 1000 athlete exposures was greater during competition (3.27) than during practice (1.40; rate ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.10–2.57) and was greater among girls (2.08) than among boys (1.83; rate ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.26). The ankle/foot (39.7%), knee (14.7%), head/face/neck (13.6%), arm/hand (9.6%), and hip/thigh/upper leg (8.4%) were most commonly injured. The most frequent injury diagnoses were ligament sprains (44.0%), muscle/tendon strains (17.7%), contusions (8.6%), fractures (8.5%), and concussions (7.0%). Female basketball players sustained a greater proportion of concussions (injury proportion ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–3.91) and knee injuries (injury proportion ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.30), whereas boys more frequently sustained fractures (injury proportion ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.77) and contusions (injury proportion ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.31). The most common girls’ injury requiring surgery was knee ligament sprains (47.9%). Conclusion High school basketball injury patterns vary by gender and type of exposure. This study suggests several areas of emphasis for targeted injury prevention interventions.

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Epidemiology of injuries among Italian footballers: the role of the playing field

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042968 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 501-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francesco Paolo Bianchi ◽

Valter Veneziani ◽

Michele Alberto Cantalice ◽

Angela Notarnicola ◽

Silvio Tafuri

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Ankle Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Playing Field ◽

Natural Grass

BackgroundFootball has a higher injury rate compared with other team sports such as rugby, in terms of two main categories: intrinsic (individual) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. The playing field is an extrinsic risk factor which has been poorly investigated in the literature.PurposeThe aim of our study was to define the incidence and risk factors of injuries in a cohort of footballers comparing the role of three different types of playing field (hard court, natural grass or synthetic grass).Study designThis was a cross sectional prevalence study.MethodsThe population comprised footballers recruited by a convenience sample; the instrument used for the survey was an anonymous self-administered questionnaire.Results267 football players were enrolled (average age 23.4±4.8 years), of whom 33.7% (n=90/267) played on hard court, 33.0% (n=88/267) on natural grass and 33.3% (n=89/267) on synthetic grass. The overall incidence of injury was 40.1 (95% CI 34.1 to 46.8) ×1000 person-years of training, with higher values for ankle and knee injuries. Ankle injuries (aOR 0.4; P=0.021) were associated with playing on natural grass as a protective factor, while playing on natural grass seemed to be a risk factor for muscular injuries (aOR 2.3; P=0.026).ConclusionOur study showed a high lifetime prevalence of injury among footballers (57%), in particular among athletes who play and train on a hard court. We have studied a topic poorly investigated previously and provide the opportunity to understand interventions to increase the capacity of stakeholders in preventing injuries.

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The Snowboarder's Foot and Ankle

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/03635465980260021901 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 271-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Douglas P. Kirkpatrick ◽

Robert E. Hunter ◽

Peter C. Janes ◽

Jackie Mastrangelo ◽

Richard A. Nicholas

Keyword(s):

Injury Rate ◽

Soft Tissue Injuries ◽

Fracture Pattern ◽

Ankle Injuries ◽

Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Foot Injuries ◽

Lateral Process ◽

Ski Resorts

We undertook a prospective study to determine the type and distribution of foot and ankle snowboarding injuries. Reports of 3213 snowboarding injuries were collected from 12 Colorado ski resorts between 1988 and 1995. Of these, 491 (15.3%) were ankle injuries and 58 (1.8%) were foot injuries. Ankle injuries included 216 (44%) fractures and 255 (52%) sprains. Thirty-three (57%) of the foot injuries were fractures and 16 (28%) were sprains. The remaining injuries were soft tissue injuries, contusions, or abrasions. There was no significant correlation between boot type (soft, hybrid, or hard) and overall foot or ankle injury rate. There were significantly fewer ankle sprains in patients wearing hybrid boots and fewer fractures of the lateral process of the talus in patients wearing soft boots. An unexpectedly high number of fractures of the lateral process of the talus were noted. These 74 fractures represented 2.3% of all snowboarding injuries, 15% of all ankle injuries, and 34% of the ankle fractures. Many of these fractures are not visible on plain radiographs and require computed tomography imaging to be diagnosed. Diagnosis of this fracture pattern is paramount; the physician should be very suspicious of anterolateral ankle pain in the snowboarder, where subtle fractures that may require surgical intervention can be confused with anterior talofibular ligament sprains.

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Analysis of Running-Related Injuries: The Vienna Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9020438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 438

Author(s):

Emir Benca ◽

Stephan Listabarth ◽

Florian K.J. Flock ◽

Eleonore Pablik ◽

Claudia Fischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ankle Instability ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Personal Data ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Training Load ◽

Patellar Tendinopathy ◽

Iliotibial Band ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Knee Alignment ◽

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

Background: This study aimed to provide an extensive and up-to-date analysis of running-related injuries (RRI) and analyze a broad range of contributing factors for a large heterogeneous and non-selected running population from Central Europe. Methods: Anthropometric, training, footwear, anatomic malalignment, and injury data from 196 injured runners were assessed case-controlled and retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate regression models were developed to identify associated factors for specific injury locations and diagnoses. Results: The majority of patients were female (56%). Three most frequently observed malalignments included varus knee alignment, pelvic obliquity, and patellar squinting. The most common injuries were the patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), the iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS), patellar tendinopathy, spinal overload, and ankle instability. A number of contributing factors were identified. Previous injury history was a contributing factor for knee injuries and ITBFS. Lower training load was reported with a higher incidence of PFPS, while a higher training load was positively associated with injuries of the lower leg. Runners with a higher body mass index (BMI) were at a significantly higher risk for lower back injuries. Conclusions: Running-related injuries are multifactorial associated with a combination of variables including personal data, training load, anatomic malalignments, and injury history. They can furthermore result from a lack of experience/training as well as from overuse. Suffering a specific RRI of high risk could be defined based on individual predispositions and help to induce appropriate training balance.

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Heart-Rate Recovery After Warm-up in Swimming: A Useful Predictor of Training Heart-Rate Response?

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0144 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 742-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sander P.M. Ganzevles ◽

Arnold de Haan ◽

Peter J. Beek ◽

Hein A.M. Daanen ◽

Martin J. Truijens

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Recovery ◽

National Level ◽

Training Session ◽

Training Load ◽

Step Test ◽

Swimming Velocity ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Warm Up ◽

Incremental Step

For training to be optimal, daily training load has to be adapted to the momentary status of the individual athlete, which is often difficult to establish. Therefore, the current study investigated the predictive value of heart-rate recovery (HRR) during a standardized warm-up for training load. Training load was quantified by the variation in heart rate during standardized training in competitive swimmers. Eight female and 5 male Dutch national-level swimmers participated in the study. They all performed 3 sessions consisting of a 300-m warm-up test and a 10 × 100-m training protocol. Both protocols were swum in front crawl at individually standardized velocities derived from an incremental step test. Velocity was related to 75% and 85% heart-rate reserve (% HRres) for the warm-up and training, respectively. Relative HRR during the first 60 s after the warm-up (HRRw-up) and differences between the actual and intended heart rate for the warm-up and the training (ΔHRw-up and ΔHRtr) were determined. No significant relationship between HRRw-up and ΔHRtr was found (F1,37 = 2.96, P = .09, R2 = .07, SEE = 4.65). There was considerable daily variation in ΔHRtr at a given swimming velocity (73–93% HRres). ΔHRw-up and ΔHRtr were clearly related (F1,37 = 74.31, P < .001, R2 = .67, SEE = 2.78). HRR after a standardized warm-up does not predict heart rate during a directly subsequent and standardized training session. Instead, heart rate during the warm-up protocol seems a promising alternative for coaches to make daily individual-specific adjustments to training programs.

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Epidemiology of Lacrosse Injuries in High School-Aged Girls and Boys

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546504274148 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1305-1314 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Richard Y. Hinton ◽

Andrew E. Lincoln ◽

Jon L. Almquist ◽

Wiemi A. Douoguih ◽

Krishn M. Sharma

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Summer Camp ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Body Parts ◽

Adolescent Boys ◽

Injury Surveillance System ◽

Ball Contact ◽

Team Activity

Objective To report the types, mechanisms, and circumstances of lacrosse injuries incurred by high school-aged girls and boys during organized interscholastic and summer camp games. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods For 3 years, the authors gathered data on girls’ and boys’ lacrosse injuries for 359 040 high school and 28 318 summer camp athletic exposures using a lacrosse-specific computerized injury surveillance system. The most prevalent injuries were organized into multifactorial injury scenarios. Results In high school play, the injury rate for adolescent boys (2.89 per 1000 athletic exposures) was slightly higher than that for girls (2.54 per 1000 athletic exposures) (incidence rate ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.30). The most prevalent injuries for adolescent girls and boys were knee and ankle sprains resulting from noncontact mechanisms. Male players had significantly higher rates of shoulder, neck, trunk, and back injuries and higher game-to-practice injury ratios. In addition, they had higher rates of concussive events from player-to-player contact. Female players had higher rates of overall head injuries, many involving contusions and abrasions from stick and ball contact. Conclusions The overall injury rates for boys’ and girls’ high school lacrosse were significantly lower than those for collegiate play. Significant differences existed between adolescent boys and girls with respect to injury mechanisms, body parts injured, and player and team activity at the time of injury.

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Profile of the Portuguese male university rugby sevens championship

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26651v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

João Diogo Silva ◽

Antonio Cruz-Ferreira ◽

Carlos Alberto Fontes Ribeiro ◽

Luiz Miguel Santiago

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Small Sample ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Warm Up ◽

The World ◽

Training Habits ◽

The Individual

Introduction: Rugby Sevens is one of the fastest growing sports in the world, especially the sevens variant after its inclusion in the Summer Olympics’ programme. The Portuguese University Sevens Championship is an amateur tournament that takes place every year. Objectives: To gather a set of relevant data regarding the profile of the Portuguese university rugby sevens’ players, as well as the epidemiology of injuries at this level of competition. Methodology: Firstly, an observational study was conducted to collect data regarding each player anthropometry, individual experience, training habits and warm-up routines. Secondly, a prospective cohort study including all participating athletes was conducted, to identify and describe all injuries occurring during the competition. A follow-up period until the return to sport from all injured players was conducted. Results: A total of 87 players from 8 teams competed in the tournament. On average, athlete’s heighted 178.6 cm (± 6.65) and weighted 83.34 kg (± 11.22). Total match exposure was 53.67 player match-hours and the injury incidence rate was 186.2 per 1000 player match-hours (94.7-332.4, CI 95%). Average severity was 26.6 days (± 6.23). Most injuries occurred on the second half (n=6), following contact events with the opponent (n=8). Lower limb (n=6) and joint/ligament (n=7) injuries were the most frequent. Discussion: The overall injury incidence rate was higher than any previously reported in the literature. Insufficient training and warm-up routines of the injured players strengthens the idea that these are key elements in injury prevention. The small sample limits the results' statistical significance. Conclusions: Similar but larger studies must be conducted to gain better knowledge of the individual profile of the Portuguese university rugby player and the burden of injuries at this level of competition.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ankle Sprain Among Male Soccer Players in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Open Sports Sciences Journal ◽

10.2174/1875399x02013010027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Hamad S. Al Amer ◽

Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Ankle Sprain ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Warm Up

Background: Ankle sprains are common among soccer players, and their risk factors are well documented in the literature. In Saudi Arabia, some healthcare and sport-related characteristics provide the necessity for investigating the prevalence and risk factors of ankle sprain in that region as well. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of lower limb injuries and risk factors of ankle sprains among male soccer players in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 400 male soccer players from different sports clubs in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia was conducted. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data related to ankle sprains. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests, and unpaired t-tests were used to test the association between variables. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors. Results: Ankle sprains were the most prevalent, reported by 63.8%. Previous ankle injury, lack of stretching, lack of warm-up, and not wearing bracing were identified as significant risk factors. A total of 47.9% of players preferred to go to the hospital for treatment, 15.8% selected physical therapy, while 56% had no prior education regarding injury prevention. Conclusion: Ankle sprain is the most prevalent lower limb injury. Risk factors include previous ankle injuries, lack of stretching, lack of warm-up, and not wearing bracing. Players have little knowledge of physical therapy measures and lack of injury prevention education. Our findings suggest that increasing the awareness of injuries and proper physical therapy measures might assist in preventing recurrence of ankle sprains among male soccer players.

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