Reconsidering the HbA1c Cutoff for Diabetes Diagnosis Based on a Large Chinese Cohort

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiying Qi ◽  
Yang Su ◽  
Qianqian Song ◽  
Zhaojun Ding ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Introduction The HbA1c has been considered as the ‘gold standard’ in diabetes diagnosis and management, however, age, gender and body mass index (BMI) might have certain effects on HbA1c. We are aiming to further investigate the correlation between age and HbA1c, and whether it was affected by gender and BMI. Methods A cross-sectional survey including 135,893 nondiabetic individuals who took the physical examination between 2013 and 2017 was conducted. The subjects were grouped by gender, age and BMI, and the interactive and independent effects of the 3 factors on the HbA1c were detected. The median and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HbA1c levels were calculated. Results The HbA1c levels gradually increased along with age, both in female and male, and there is a positive association between BMI and the HbA1c. The difference on HbA1c in gender was associated with both age and BMI, the age-related increase in HbAlc was accentuated in the subgroup with higher BMI, and there was a marked accentuation of the positive association between BMI and HbA1c as age increased. In almost all the young and middle-aged (aged 20–59) subgroups, the 97.5th percentiles of HbA1c levels were lower than 6.5%, suggesting that the single HbA1c cutoff value is probably not applicable to the young and middle-aged population. Conclusions We recommend that the effects of age, gender and BMI should be taken into consideration when using HbA1c for the diagnosis and management of diabetes, especially in the young and middle-aged population.

scholarly journals Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and C reactive protein among middle-aged community residents: a cross-sectional survey

Thorax ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Muraki ◽  
T. Tanigawa ◽  
K. Yamagishi ◽  
S. Sakurai ◽  
T. Ohira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Community Residents

Side effects following COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional survey with age-related outcomes in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Ahlam Alghamdi ◽  
Alnada Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Alraey ◽  
Afrah Alkazemi ◽  
Isra Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Does a Comparison View Improve the Reliability of Staging Wrist Osteoarthritis?

Hand ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. L. ten Berg ◽  
Tessa Drijkoningen ◽  
Thierry G. Guitton ◽  
David Ring
Keyword(s):  
Survey Study ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Improve Reliability ◽  
Comparison View

Background: Radiological grading of wrist osteoarthritis associated with scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) can be difficult. A comparison radiograph of the contralateral healthy wrist and an educational training in the various SNAC stages may improve reliability. Our purposes were to evaluate the difference in the reliability: (1) between observers who rate SNAC wrists with and without a comparison radiograph; and (2) between observers who receive training prior to ratings and those who do not. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, 82 fully trained orthopedic or hand surgeons rated anteroposterior radiographs of 19 patient wrists following a scaphoid nonunion based on SNAC stages 0 to 4. Observers were randomized online in 4 groups: one group rated unilateral views without training, a second group unilateral views with training, a third group bilateral views without training, and a fourth group bilateral views with training. Training included a 1-page clarification of the SNAC stages. Interobserver agreement was calculated using kappa statistics. Results: There was no significant difference between agreement between observers who rated unilateral radiographs (κ = 0.55) and who rated bilateral radiographs (κ = 0.58) ( P = .14), nor between agreement between observers who received training (κ = 0.59) and who did not (κ = 0.54) ( P = .058). Conclusions: The use of an additional comparison view and/or training does not seem to be clinically relevant in SNAC staging. There is room for improvement in the way we assess patients with SNAC wrists.

scholarly journals Redox Index of Cys-Thiol Residues of Serum Apolipoprotein E and Its Diagnostic Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Yamauchi ◽  
Yasushi Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Band Shift ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract We explored the proper index for estimating the redox status of Cys-thiol of serum apolipoprotein E (apoE), named “redox-IDX-apoE,” which is necessary to understand the redox biology of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The fractions of reduced form (red-), reversible oxidized form (roxi-), and irreversibly oxidized form (oxi-) apoE were measured by a band-shift assay. Candidates of redox-IDX-apoE were determined by calculating the values of these fractions and total apoE concentration. The ratios of roxi-apoE to total-apoE (roxi/total), red-apoE to roxi-apoE (red/roxi), and [red-apoE + oxi-apoE] to roxi-apoE ([red + oxi]/roxi) were independent of age and sex. Roxi/total showed significant negative correlations with serum triglyceride (TG) and HbA1c levels, while red/roxi and [red + oxi]/roxi showed significant positive correlations with them. However, red/roxi and [red + oxi]/roxi in the patients with atherosclerosis were significantly lower than those in control subjects, although serum TG and HbA1c levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in controls. The redox status of serum apoE-Cys-thiol is closely involved in the metabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins and glucose and may vary depending on the difference in pathological conditions. The appropriate usage of these ratios could be helpful in the diagnosis and prognosis of age-related diseases.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on interference control: age affects reactive control but not proactive control

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Peng ◽  
Qin Zhu ◽  
Biye Wang ◽  
Jie Ren
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background Working memory updating (WMU), a controlled process to continuously adapt to the changing task demand and environment, is crucial for cognitive executive function. Although previous studies have shown that the elderly were more susceptible to cognitive interference than the youngsters, the picture of age-related deterioration of WMU is incomplete due to lack of study on people at their middle ages. Thus, the present study investigated the impact of age on the WMU among adults by a cross-sectional design to verify whether inefficiency interference control accounts for the aging of WMU. Methods In total, 112 healthy adults were recruited for this study; 28 old adults (21 female) ranging from 60 to 78 years of age; 28 middle-age adults (25 female) ranging from 45 to 59 years of age; 28 adults (11 female) ranging from 26 to 44 years of age; and 28 young adults (26 female) ranging from 18 to 25 years of age. Each participant completed a 1-back task. The inverse efficiency score was calculated in various sequences of three trials in a row to quantify the performance of WMU for adults of various ages. Results Inverse efficiency score of both young groups (young adult and adult) were significantly shorter than the old group in both Repeat-Alternate (RA, including □□○ and ○○□) and Alternate-Alternate (AA, including ○□○ and □○□) sequential patterns and they were additionally better than the middle-age group in AA sequential pattern. Conclusion With the increase of difficulty in the task, the difference in reactive interference control between young and middle age was gradually revealed, while the difference between young and old remained to apparent. The degradation of WMU aging may begin from middle-age and presents selective impairment in that only reactive interference control, but not proactive interference control, shows pronounced age-related decline. The preliminary results can inform future studies to further explore the whole lifespan trajectories of cognitive functions.

scholarly journals The outcomes of gaining digital skills for young people’s lives and wellbeing: A systematic evidence review

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110431
Author(s):  
Sonia Livingstone ◽  
Giovanna Mascheroni ◽  
Mariya Stoilova
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Information Skills ◽  
Research And Policy

Research and policy have invested in the prospect that gaining digital skills enhances children’s and young people’s outcomes. A systematic evidence review of research on digital skills among 12- to 17-year-olds identified 34 studies that used cross-sectional survey methods to examine the association of digital skills with tangible outcomes. Two-thirds concerned the association with online opportunities or other benefits. Another third examined online risks of harm. Findings showed a positive association between digital skills and online opportunities, information benefits, and orientation to technology. Greater digital skills were indirectly linked to greater exposure to online risks, although any link to harm was unclear. While technical skills were linked with mixed or even negative outcomes, information skills were linked with positive outcomes. There was little research on the outcomes of communication or creative digital skills. Future research should examine the dimensions of digital skills separately and encompass a wider range of outcomes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanant incisors of 9-12-years-old school children in Damascus, Syria

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
N. Al Beiruti ◽  
W. Marcenes ◽  
D. Tayfour ◽  
S. Issa
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dental Injuries

This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess epidemiological data concerning dental injuries to the permanent incisors of Syrian children. It included 1087 children aged 9 to 12 years, of both sexes, randomly selected from public and private primary schools in Damascus. The response rate was 100%. The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors rose from 5.2% at the age of 9 years to 11.7% at the age of 12 years [P = 0.007]. The difference in prevalence between boys and girls was not statistically significant [P > 0.05]. The majority [59.8%] of children who had experienced injuries to the permanent incisors reported that they were not taken to the dentist for evaluation or treatment of the damage. Among those children who had experienced traumatic injuries to the teeth 93.1% presented with untreated damage. Because some injuries were minor, such as small enamel fractures, the proportion of children who needed treatment was 63.2%. There was a tendency for children with an incisal overjet greater than 5 mm to have experienced dental injuries [P = 0.06]. Children with inadequate lip covcmgc were more likely to have experienced dental injuries than those with adequate lip coverage [P = 0.000]. The most common reported cause of iniuries to the permanent incisors was violence [42.5%], followed by traffic accidents [24.1%] collisions with people or inanimate objects [16.0%] and falls [9.1%]. In conclusion, traumatic dental injury may pose a serious dental public health problem.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension: A cross-sectional survey from a rural area in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246409
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Li Ran ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Xiaodong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Objective To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension in Enshi, China, and to explore the important correlates defining HRQoL. Methods From April through July 2018, a self-monitoring intervention program for hypertension control was implemented in a remote area of central China. Participants completed a cross-sectional survey which included demographic characteristics, the Health-related Quality of Life Survey, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Survey. Univariate analysis was performed by analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of HRQoL in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients. In the multivariate analysis, the variables with P≤0.05 in the single factor analysis were combined with the professional significance to establish a multiple linear regression model. Results Information from 500 participants was available for analysis. Among them, the scores of PCS and MCS was 31.66 ± 9.50 and 41.38 ± 10.69, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses showed that higher education and sleep quality, and moderate physical activity (30 minutes for at least five days a week) had a positive influence on PCS scores. Higher monthly family income (3,000–5,000 ¥) and sleep quality, regular tea-drinking, having 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least five days a week were positively associated with MCS scores. Conclusion The overall HRQoL for rural middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients in Xuan’en county of Hubei province was poor. Effective relevant measures for the above factors were urgently needed to improve the quality of life for the elderly in rural areas. Awareness of these relevant factors could help health care professionals provide better supportive care.

scholarly journals Knowledge and ability to manage medical emergencies among dental students

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Chitturi Prashanthi ◽  
Prashant B Patil ◽  
Vajendra Joshi ◽  
Kiran Kumar K R ◽  
Shilpa R T
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
The Difference

: An emergency can be encountered anytime and anywhere. Minimal knowledge about medical emergency and their etiology, primary protocol for management must be known to avoid potential consequences. Hence, the present study was undertaken to compare the knowledge, and ability to handle the medical emergencies among the dental students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 randomly selected dental students (post-graduate students and interns) comprising of two groups of students those who had underwent training and those who did not. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS for windows version 22.0 released 2013. Independent chi square test was used for comparison of responses and independent student t-test was used for the comparison of mean scores. The significance level was set at p<0.001. : The average mean knowledge and ability score was 68% & 61.4% respectively among the participants. On further comparison of mean knowledge & ability scores between the participants with & without basic life support training, participants with BLS training showed better knowledge than those without training and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (p<0.001%). The study found deficiencies in the knowledge and ability of untrained graduates to deal with medical emergencies as compared to trained.

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